辽宁省大连市高三上学期期末双基考试英语试题

2025年大连市高三双基测试英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatwillthewomandothisevening?A.Gorunning.B.Gotobedearly.C.Gooutforcoffee.2.Howdoesthemanfindhisjob?A.Satisfying.B.Boring.C.Challenging.3.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inastore.B.Inalibrary.C.Inabank.4.Whatwillthemandoatseveno’clocktomorrowevening?A.Phonethewoman.B.Attendameeting.C.Havesupper.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Adrawing.B.Acamera.C.Aphoto.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C3个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisexpectedaftertherain?A.Alightwind.B.Ahurricane.C.Asnowstorm.7.Whatseasonisitprobablynow?A.Spring.B.Autumn.C.Winter.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatistheoriginalpriceofthewatch?A.120pounds.B.100pounds.C.80pounds.9.Whatistheman’srequest?A.Storingmorewatches.B.Sendingthewatchtohim.C.Keepingthewatchforhim.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Howdidthemannoticetheproblemfirst?A.Hisbillshowedhim.B.Hisbankcalledhim.C.Hiscreditcardwasstolen.11.Whatmighthavecausedtheproblemaccordingtotheman?A.Overduedebt.B.Onlineshopping.C.Unskilledoperation.12.Whatdothetwospeakersmainlytalkabout?A.Informationsecurity.B.Shoppinghabits.C.Moneymanagement.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhydidJacktakephotosofstreetsigns?A.Hismothersuggestedit.B.Helikedtheirdifferentshapes.C.Theirbrightcolorsattractedhim.14.WheredidJacktakehiswinningphoto?A.Inhisyard.B.Atapark.C.Onthestreet.15.HowdidJackfeelabouthiswinningphotoonthecamerascreen?A.Hewasproudtotakesuchagoodphoto.B.Hewasunsureaboutthesmallparts.C.Hewasworriedifthebackgroundwasnice.16.WhatdoesJackhopetodoaftertheexhibitioninLondon?A.Takemorephotosofpeople.B.Learnfromotherphotographers.C.Takephotosindifferentcountries.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.HowfardidthespeakerwalkinhischallengeinMay?A.56km.B.72km.C.88km.18.Howistheroadinthechallenge?A.Uneven.B.Smooth.C.Uphill.19.Howdidthespeakerfinishhischallenge?A.Byhimself.B.Withapanion.C.Inateam.20.Whatcanwelearnaboutthespeaker?A.Hedidn’ttakemuchluggage.B.Hetrainedhardforthechallenge.C.Heusedaphonefordirections.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThatyourparentsarefootingthebillrightnowdoesn’tmeanyou’relivingfreeofexpense.Asateenager,youmayneedcashondailyactivities,nottomentionprovidingfuturefundsforcollegeinyourownright.Thechallengeliesinfindingajobthatfitsyourholidayschedule.Here’salistoftoppicksthatmaytickallyourrightboxes.HyreCarOwnerEstimatedpay:$35/dayIfyouliketheideaofAirbnb,HyreCarissimilar,butforcars.HyreCarisanonlineplatformwhereyoucanlistyourcarandrentitouttobackgroundcheckeddeliveryserviceandridesharedrivers.HyreCarcoversyourvehiclewithupto$1millioncoverageintheeventoftheftorphysicaldamage.PetSitter&DogWalkerEstimatedpay:$30/dayFindingatrustedpetsitterisessentialfortravelingpetowners.Payvariesbylocation,withhigherearningsinurbanareas.Petownersremainloyaltosittersanddogwalkerstheylike.StartbuildingyourclientbasethroughRover,anonlineplatformconnectingpetownerswithlocalsittersandwalkers.ProofreaderEstimatedpay:$40/dayIfyoufeelawkwardwhensomeoneusestheincorrectverbtenseorconfuses“their”and“there”,proofreadingmightbeidealforyou.Proofreaderspolishwrittencontentforbloggers,websiteownersandmore.WithaccesstotheInternetandalaptop,proofreadingisanexcellentoptionforstayathomeparents,students,oranyoneseekingalocationindependentrole.LifeguardEstimatedpay:$15/hourStudleyCastleisseekingpassionatelifeguardstojointhedynamicteam.You’llplayaroleinensuringguestsafetywithamaximumof20hoursperweek.Enjoybenefitssuchasfreegymaccess,discountedfood,andpromotionopportunities.Fulltrainingwillbeprovided.SendyourupdatedCVviaApplyNow.Qualifiedapplicantswillbecontacted.1.HowdoesHyreCarprovideprotectionforcarowners?A.Byofferingfreemaintenance. B.Byassistingwithcardelivery.C.Byprovidingmotorinsurance. D.Byguaranteeingrentaline.2.Whatqualityismostdesirableforaproofreader?A.Grammaticalsensitivity. B.Publicspeakingskills.C.Independentpersonality. D.Creativethinkingability.3.Whichjobcouldpossiblymakethemostmoneyweekly?A.HyreCarowner. B.Petsitter&dogwalker.C.Proofreader. D.Lifeguard.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种工作的情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据HyreCarOwner部分中“HyreCarcoversyourvehiclewithupto$1millioncoverageintheeventoftheftorphysicaldamage.(如果发生盗窃或物理损坏，HyreCar将为您的车辆提供高达100万美元的保险)”可知，HyreCar通过提供汽车保险为车主提供保护。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Proofreader部分中“Ifyoufeelawkwardwhensomeoneusestheincorrectverbtenseorconfuses“their”and“there”,proofreadingmightbeidealforyou.(如果有人用错了动词时态，或者把“their”和“there”搞混了，你觉得很尴尬，那么校对对你来说可能是最理想的选择)”可知，校对人员最需要的素质是语法敏感性。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据HyreCarOwner部分中“Estimatedpay:$35/day(估计工资：35美元/天)”；PetSitter&DogWalker部分中“Estimatedpay:$30/day(估计工资：30美元/天)”；Proofreader部分中“Estimatedpay:$40/day(估计工资：40美元/天)”；Lifeguard部分中“Estimatedpay:$15/hour(预计工资：每小时15美元)”可知，救生员按小时计费，推测可能每周赚最多的钱。故选D。BLastwinter,IwokeupinastonebedroominAlmeria,Spain,whereIwasworkingonavolunteerproject.Mymorningwalksoftenledmepastafarmwitharottingpileofeggplantsthatgrewlargerovertwomonths,alongwithunsoldoranges.Ithoughtthattheanswertosomuchwastemightbeasimpleone,butinsteaditsplicationsurprisedme.IinquiredRichard,thefounderofanenvironmentalNGOworkingcloselywithfarmerswhythisdumpinghappenedandheletoutadeepsighoffrustration.“Mostofthetimeit’sjustapureamounthere…thereistheinfrastructuremissing,theknowledgemissing.”Theregion’slargegreenhousesarevisiblefromspace,yetthediversityoffarmsmakesitdifficulttodealwiththewasteissueuniformly.RichardandIdiscussedthechallengesfacedbyfarmers,whooftenlackwastemanagementfacilities,especiallysmalleronesstrugglingtomakeendsmeet.Biowaste,includingplasticclipsandtwine,endsupintheocean,visiblealongAlmeria’sbeaches.Whilesomefarmersareawareoftheproblem,thecostsoftacklingitareoftenprohibitive.Spanishagriculendsbeyondfruitandvegetables;in2015,SpainbecametheEU’slargeserofpork.ThefarmingsectorinSpainhasadaptedtochangingconsumerdemandsandincreasedanimalproductconsumption.Onesolutionproposedistorecyclebiowasteasanimalfeed,reducingtheneedforimportsofsoyandcorn,primarilyfromBrazil.However,thedistancebetweencropandlivestockareasmakesthissolutionenergyconsumingandcostlyforsmallscalefarmers.Thankfully,therearesomeverypromisingapproachesbeingcarriedout,suchasbiochar(生物炭)andregenerativeenergyproduction.Afterwitnessingthewaste,Ifeeladeeppassionforfarmers,whoarepartofasmallmunityfeedingmuchofEurope.Theydesirechangeandlongforconcretesupport.Theissueoffoodproductionandmanagementisourmonresponsibility,andwemustworktogetherwithfarmerstohealourworld.4.WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthewasteprobleminAlmeria?A.Asituationlargelyignored. B.Aproblemeasytomanage.C.AchallengeuniquetoAlmeria. D.Anissueplextoapproach.5.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3?A.Thesamesolutionsapplyacrossfarms.B.Smallfarmsstrugglefinanciallywithwaste.C.Farmersareunconsciousofthewasteproblem.D.Manyfarmsplicatethewastemanagement.6.Whyisturningplantwasteintoanimalfeedimpractical?A.Hightransportationcosts. B.Expensivehightechequipment.C.Multistepprocessingtechniques. D.Lownutritionalvalueforanimals.7.Whatisthekeytosolvingfoodwaste?A.Selfchangebyfarmers. B.Innovationintechnology.C.Widespreadsocialparticipation. D.Directgovernmentinvolvement.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要介绍的是阿尔梅里亚地区农业废弃物问题的复杂性，探讨其成因及可能的解决方案，强调社会共同参与的重要性。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Ithoughtthattheanswertosomuchwastemightbeasimpleone,butinsteaditsplicationsurprisedme.IinquiredRichard,thefounderofanenvironmentalNGOworkingcloselywithfarmerswhythisdumpinghappenedandheletoutadeepsighoffrustration.“Mostofthetimeit’sjustapureamounthere…thereistheinfrastructuremissing,theknowledgemissing.”(我原以为解决这么多浪费的办法很简单，但它的复杂性却让我大吃一惊。理查德是一家与农民密切合作的环保非政府组织的创始人，我问他为什么会发生这种倾倒，他沮丧地叹了口气。“大多数时候，这只是一个纯粹的数量……基础设施缺失，知识缺失。”)”可知，阿尔梅里亚的垃圾问题是难以处理的复杂问题。故选D项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theregion’slargegreenhousesarevisiblefromspace,yetthediversityoffarmsmakesitdifficulttodealwiththewasteissueuniformly.RichardandIdiscussedthechallengesfacedbyfarmers,whooftenlackwastemanagementfacilities,especiallysmalleronesstrugglingtomakeendsmeet.Biowaste,includingplasticclipsandtwine,endsupintheocean,visiblealongAlmeria’sbeaches.Whilesomefarmersareawareoftheproblem,thecostsoftacklingitareoftenprohibitive.(从太空中都能看到该地区庞大的温室，但农场的多样性使得难以统一处理浪费问题。理查德和我讨论了农民面临的挑战，他们往往缺乏废物管理设施，尤其是那些勉强维持生计的小农户。包括塑料夹子和麻绳在内的生物废物最终流入海洋，在阿尔梅里亚的海滩上随处可见。虽然一些农民意识到了这个问题，但解决它的成本往往让他们望而却步)”可知，从本段可知，小农场在经济上与浪费作斗争。故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Onesolutionproposedistorecyclebiowasteasanimalfeed,reducingtheneedforimportsofsoyandcorn,primarilyfromBrazil.However,thedistancebetweencropandlivestockareasmakesthissolutionenergyconsumingandcostlyforsmallscalefarmers.Thankfully,therearesomeverypromisingapproachesbeingcarriedout,suchasbiochar(生物炭)andregenerativeenergyproduction.(有人提出的一个解决方案是将生物废物回收作为动物饲料，减少对主要从巴西进口的大豆和玉米的需求。然而，作物种植区和牲畜饲养区之间的距离使得这一方案对小型农户来说既耗能又昂贵。值得庆幸的是，目前正在实施一些非常有前景的方法，如生物炭和再生能源生产)”可知，高昂的运输成本，让植物废料变成动物饲料这个主意变得不切实际。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Afterwitnessingthewaste,Ifeeladeeppassionforfarmers,whoarepartofasmallmunityfeedingmuchofEurope.Theydesirechangeandlongforconcretesupport.Theissueoffoodproductionandmanagementisourmonresponsibility,andwemustworktogetherwithfarmerstohealourworld.(目睹了这些浪费后，我对农民们深感同情，他们是滋养欧洲大部分地区的一个小社区的一部分。他们渴望改变，并期待得到具体的支持。粮食生产和管理的问题是我们共同的责任，我们必须与农民携手合作，共同治愈我们的世界)”可知，解决食物浪费的关键是社会的广泛参与。故选C项。CThebrainofafruitflyissmallenoughtofitontheheadofapin,yetitcontainsnearly140,000neurons(神经元).Nowondermappingthisplexstructuretook5yearsandover200people—amonumentalprojectdiscussedinabodyofpapers.Brainmappingisoneofthemosasksinneuroscience,whereminorerrorscansignificantlyaffectoutes.Remarkably,somecontributorstotheprojectwerevolunteersfromdiversebackgrounds,teamingupwithneuroscientiststoconfirmresultsproducedbyartificialintelligence(AI),showcasinghowamateursciencecanenhancedatahungryresearch.TheFlyWireconnectome(连接组)mapdevelopedbyMalaMurthy’steamatPrincetonUniversity,ishelpingtoadvanceneuroscience.Thisprojectcreateda“wiringdiagram”ofneuronconnectionsanddiscovered4,581celltypes,manyinlesserstudiedbrainregions.Researchersworldwideareusingthismaptostudyneuronalcontroloffeedingbehaviorsofflies.Additionally,ateamfromtheUniversityofCaliforniausesittounderstandhowspecializedneuronsintheflybrainprocessvisualinformation.Bystudyingtheintricatestructureofitsbrain,scientistscanbetterunderstandhowhumanbrainworksandthefundamentalmechanismsthatgovernneuralsystem.Volunteerswerecrucialinlabelingthemapanddoublecheckingitsaccuracy.Theprojectinitiatedwithelectronmicroscopyimagesoftheflybrain,whichwereusedtotrainAItocreateawiringdiagram.Factcheckingmillionsofdatapointswaslaborintensive;thus,projectcoleaderSebastiandevelopedEyeWire,aninteractivegamelikeplatformwheretopperformingvolunteerswerepicked.ThoseshortlistedwerethentrainedtoproofreadAIgenerateddataintherealproject,ataskthatwouldhaverequired33fulltimeneuroscientistsforayear.Murthynotedthatthiscooperativeapproachcouldbeappliedtolargerprojects.Increasingly,amateurscientistsareinvolvedinmoreresearchareas,helpingfilldatagap.Theuniqueaspectoftheflybrainprojectisthatcitizenscientistsassistfulltimescientistsconfirmingtheirfindings,amodelthatmayhavebroaderapplicationsinourdatarichworld.8.Whatisahighlightofthebrainmappingproject?A.Gettingridofunwantedoutes. B.Partneringamateurswithscientists.C.UsingAItoproducedesiredresults. D.Makingcontributionstouniversities.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninparagraph3?AStraightforward. B.Administrative. C.Mature. D.Delicate.10.WhydidresearchersdevelopEyeWire?A.Toinitiatetheproject. B.Toselectcandidates.C.Toenhanceinteraction. D.Toconstructplatforms.11Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Understandingflybehavior:citizenscience’sroleinpublichealth.B.Unlockingflybrainsecrets:concertedscienceandamateurpower.C.Decodingflybrainforhumanemotions:findingsfromvolunteers.D.Probingintoflybrainconnections:insectsputscientiststothetest.【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了果蝇大脑连接组映射项目的相关信息，包括项目的规模、意义、参与人员以及其对神经科学研究的推动作用，同时还阐述了业余科学家在数据密集型研究中的重要作用。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Remarkably,somecontributorstotheprojectwerevolunteersfromdiversebackgrounds,teamingupwithneuroscientiststoconfirmresultsproducedbyartificialintelligence(AI),showcasinghowamateursciencecanenhancedatahungryresearch.(值得注意是，该项目的一些贡献者是来自不同背景的志愿者，他们与神经科学家合作，确认人工智能（AI）产生的结果，展示了业余科学如何增强数据饥渴的研究)”可知，大脑测绘项目的亮点是业余爱好者与科学家合作。故选B项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据前文“Thisprojectcreateda“wiringdiagram”ofneuronconnectionsanddiscovered4,581celltypes,manyinlesserstudiedbrainregions.Researchersworldwideareusingthismaptostudyneuronalcontroloffeedingbehaviorsofflies.

(该项目创建了神经元连接的“接线图”，并发现了4581种细胞类型，其中许多位于研究较少的大脑区域。全世界的研究人员都在使用这张图来研究果蝇摄食行为的神经元控制)”可知，果蝇的大脑结构是复杂的精密的，通过研究其复杂的大脑结构，科学家可以更好地了解人类大脑是如何工作的，以及控制神经系统的基本机。由此猜测intricate应是“复杂的，精密的”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Volunteerswerecrucialinlabelingthemapanddoublecheckingitsaccuracy.Theprojectinitiatedwithelectronmicroscopyimagesoftheflybrain,whichwereusedtotrainAItocreateawiringdiagram.Factcheckingmillionsofdatapointswaslaborintensive;thus,projectcoleaderSebastiandevelopedEyeWire,aninteractivegamelikeplatformwheretopperformingvolunteerswerepicked.(志愿者在给地图贴上标签和再次检查其准确性方面发挥了至关重要的作用。该项目以苍蝇大脑的电子显微镜图像开始，这些图像被用来训练人工智能创建接线图。对数百万个数据点进行事实核查是一项劳动密集型工作；因此，项目联合负责人塞巴斯蒂安开发了EyeWire，这是一个类似互动游戏的平台，可以挑选出表现最好的志愿者)”可知，研究人员开发EyeWire是为了选择候选人。故选B项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Brainmappingisoneofthemosasksinneuroscience,whereminorerrorscansignificantlyaffectoutes.Remarkably,somecontributorstotheprojectwerevolunteersfromdiversebackgrounds,teamingupwithneuroscientiststoconfirmresultsproducedbyartificialintelligence(AI),showcasinghowamateursciencecanenhancedatahungryresearch.(大脑绘图是神经科学中最复杂的任务之一，其中微小的错误可能会显著影响结果。值得注意的是，该项目的一些贡献者是来自不同背景的志愿者，他们与神经科学家合作，确认人工智能（Al）产生的结果，展示了业余科学如何增强数据饥渴的研究)”以及最后一段“Increasingly,amateurscientistsareinvolvedinmoreresearchareas,helpingfilldatagapTheuniqueaspectoftheflybrainprojectisthatcitizenscientistsassistfulltimescientistsconfirmingtheirfindings,amodelthatmayhavebroaderapplicationsinourdatarichworld.(越来越多的业余科学家参与到更多的研究领域，帮助填补数据空白。苍蝇大脑项目的独特之处在于，公民科学家帮助全职科学家确认他们的发现，这种模式在我们这个数据丰富的世界可能会有更广泛的应用)”可知，本文主要介绍了果蝇大脑连接组映射项目的相关信息以及业余科学家在数据密集型研究中的重要作用，所以B项“解开苍蝇大脑的秘密：协调一致的科学和业余力量。”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。DIfyouproudlybelieveyou’rerightinadisagreementwithafriendorcolleague,anewstudysuggestswhyyoumayactuallybewrong.Researchersfoundthatpeoplenaturallyassumetheyhavealltheinformationtheyneedtomakeadecisionorsupporttheirposition,evenwhentheydonot.Theresearcherscalleditthe“illusionofinformationadequacy”.“Wefoundthat,ingeneral,peopledon’tstoptothinkwhethertheremightbemoreinformationthatwouldhelpthemmakeamoreinformeddecision,”saidstudycoauthorAngusFletcher,aprofessorofEnglishatTheOhioStateUniversity.“Ifyougivepeopleafewpiecesofinformationthatseemstolineup,mostwillsay‘thatsoundsaboutright’andgowiththat.”Thestudy,publishedinthejournalPLOSONE,involved1,261Americanswhoparticipatedonline.Theyweresplitintothreegroupswhoreadanarticleaboutafictionalschoolthatlackedadequatewater.Onegroupreadanarticlethatonlygavereasonswhytheschoolshouldmergewithanotherthathadadequatewater;asecondgroup’sarticleonlygavereasonsforstayingseparateandhopingforothersolutions;andthethirdgroupreadalltheargumentsfortheschoolsmergingandforstayingseparate.Thefindingsshowedthatthetwogroupswhoreadhalfthestory—eitherjustthepromergingorjusttheantimergingarguments—stillbelievedtheyhadenoughinformationtomakeagooddecision.“Thosewithhalftheinformationactuallyshowgreatercertaintyintheirdecisiontomergeorremainseparatethanthosewhohadthepletestory,”Fletchersaid.Thesediscoveriesenhanceourunderstandingofnaïverealism,whereindividualsperceivetheirpersonalviewpointsasthefactualreality,asFletchernoted.Researchonnaïverealismoftenfocusesonhowpeoplehavedifferentunderstandingsofthesamesituation.“Yourfirstmovewhenyoudisagreewithsomeoneshouldbetothink,‘IstheresomethingthatI’mmissingthatwouldhelpmeseetheirperspectiveandunderstandtheirpositionbetter?’”Fletchersaid,“That’sthewaytofightthisillusionofinformationadequacy.”12.Whatwill“illusionofinformationadequacy”makeusdo?ABelievewehaveenoughinformation.B.Judgeifwehaveenoughinformation.C.Seekallinformationtomakeadecision.D.Hesitatetodecidewithoutfullinformation.13.Inthestudy,whoaremoreconfidentindecisionmaking?A.Criticalinformationreaders. B.Balancedinformationreaders.C.Overloadedinformationreaders. D.Onesidedinformationreaders.14.Whichoftheexamplescanillustratenaïverealism?A.Ateacherencouragesmultipleviewpoints.B.Ascientistdrawsaconclusionbasedondata.C.Adriverinsiststheotherpartyisfullyresponsible.D.Astudentwritesanessaywithlimitedsearchresults.15.WhatdoesFletcheradviseustodoin?A.Torelyonyourowninformation. B.Tolistentothosewhoagreewithyou.C.Tothinkaboutoverlookedviewpoints. D.Toassumeyouhavealltherelevantfacts.【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究，该研究揭示了人们在争论中为何可能坚信自己是正确的，而实际上可能是错误的，即“信息充足错觉”现象，并通过实验进行了说明，最后给出了应对这种错觉的建议。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Ifyouproudlybelieveyou’rerightinadisagreementwithafriendorcolleague,anewstudysuggestswhyyoumayactuallybewrong.Researchersfoundthatpeoplenaturallyassumetheyhavealltheinformationtheyneedtomakeadecisionorsupporttheirposition,evenwhentheydonot.Theresearcherscalleditthe“illusionofinformationadequacy”.(如果你骄傲地认为自己在与朋友或同事的分歧中是对的，一项新的研究揭示了为什么你实际上可能是错的。研究人员发现，人们很自然地认为自己掌握了做出决定或支持自己立场所需的所有信息，即使事实并非如此。研究人员称之为“信息充足的错觉”)”可知，“信息充足的错觉”会让人们很自然地认为自己掌握了做出决定或支持自己立场所需的所有信息。故选A项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Thefindingsshowedthatthetwogroupswhoreadhalfthestory—eitherjustthepromergingorjusttheantimergingarguments—stillbelievedtheyhadenoughinformationtomakeagooddecision.“Thosewithhalftheinformationactuallyshowgreatercertaintyintheirdecisiontomergeorremainseparatethanthosewhohadthepletestory,”Fletchersaid.(研究结果表明，两组只读了一半故事的人——要么只读了支持合并的观点，要么只读了反对合并的观点——仍然认为他们有足够的信息来做出正确的决定。弗莱彻说：“那些掌握了一半信息的人实际上比那些掌握了全部信息的人在决定合并或保持分离时表现出更大的确定性。”)”可推知，片面的信息阅读者对决策更有信心。故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Thesediscoveriesenhanceourunderstandingofnaïverealism,whereindividualsperceivetheirpersonalviewpointsasthefactualreality,asFletchernoted.Researchonnaïverealismoftenfocusesonhowpeoplehavedifferentunderstandingsofthesamesituation.(这些发现增进了我们对天真现实主义的理解，即如弗莱彻所指出的，个体将其个人观点视为事实真相。关于天真现实主义的研究通常关注人们如何对同一情境有不同的理解)”可知，天真现实主义指的是个人将他们的个人观点视为事实现实，所以C项“一名司机坚称，对方应负全部责任。”可以说明天真现实主义。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Yourfirstmovewhenyoudisagreewithsomeoneshouldbetothink,‘IstheresomethingthatI’mmissingthatwouldhelpmeseetheirperspectiveandunderstandtheirpositionbetter?””Fletchersaid,“That’sthewaytofightthisillusionofinformationadequacy.”(“当你不同意别人的观点时，你的第一步应该是想，‘我是否遗漏了一些东西，可以帮助我更好地理解他们的观点和立场？’”弗莱彻说，“这就是对抗信息充足错觉的方法。”)”可知，弗莱彻建议思考被忽视的观点。故选C项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whetherafriendhasbrokenupwiththeirlongtermpartner,acolleagueislosinghisjob,oralovedonehasbeendiagnosedwithahealthcondition,therearetimeswhenpeoplesharedifficultnewswithus.Wemaybeunsureabouthowbesttohelporfeelawkwardandunfortable.____16____ShowyoucareRuth,apsychologistatStonyBrookUniversity,remendstryingtofindsomewherequiettohavetheconversationifpossible.____17____“Goodeyecontactandrelaxednonverbalcues,suchasleaningforwardslightly,noddingandusingappropriatefacialexpressionsthatconveywarmthandempathycanputthepersonatease.Acknowledgingtheirfeelingsthroughstatementshelpspeoplefeelheard,”Ruthcontinues.AskwhattheyneedSometimespeopleneedtoletoffsteamandothertimestheywantsolutions,soit’sbesttoaskhowyoucansupportthem.Checkwhethertheywouldlikeadviceorjusttosharetheirexperience.Ruthsays,“____18____”____19____Accidentallywetendtounderstatetheperson’sexperiencewithmentslike“____20____”Thiscaninvalidate(驳斥)theirfeelingsandexperiences.Ruthalsoremendstryingtoavoidofferinguninvitedadvice,orpushingthepersonintoproblemsolvingbeforetheyfeelready.“Theymayalreadybeoverwhelmedandabarrageofpossibilitiesandsolutions,withoutagoodunderstandingofallthefactors,canbeunhelpfulandmakethepersonfeelunheard,”shesays.“Trytoavoidmakingyourselfthefocusoftheconversation,”addsRuth.A.Itcouldhavebeenworse.B.ItistheworstnewsI’veheard.C.Trynottominimizeormakeitaboutyou.D.Avoidlookingatyourphoneorotherdistractions.E.Listeningismorepowerfulthanfortingwords.F.Here,welookatwhattodowhensomeonesharestheirdifficultnewswithyou.G.Askingcanofferthepersonasenseofbeingheardwhentheyfeeloverwhelmed.【答案】16.F17.D18.G19.C20.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要说明了当有人与你分享他们的坏消息时，你应该如何做，给出了一些具体的建议，如表现出关心、询问对方需要什么、尽量不要轻描淡写或把话题引到自己身上等。【16题详解】设空位于首段段尾，应是起到点明本文主题，引出下文的作用，根据前文“Whetherafriendhasbrokenupwiththeirlongtermpartner,acolleagueislosinghisjob,oralovedonehasbeendiagnosedwithahealthcondition,therearetimeswhenpeoplesharedifficultnewswithus.Wemaybeunsureabouthowbesttohelporfeelawkwardandunfortable.(不管是朋友和长期伴侣分手了，同事失业了，还是爱人被诊断出患有疾病，总有一些时候人们会和我们分享不幸的消息。我们可能不确定如何最好地帮助或感到尴尬和不舒服)”可知，本文主题，应是有人和你分享不幸的消息时如何处理，所以F项“Here,welookatwhattodowhensomeonesharestheirdifficultnewswithyou.(在这里，我们来看看当有人和你分享他们艰难的消息时该怎么做)”符合文意，承接上文，点明主题。故选F项。【17题详解】根据前文“Ruth,apsychologistatStonyBrookUniversity,remendstryingtofindsomewherequiettohavetheconversationifpossible.(石溪大学的心理学家鲁斯建议，如果可能的话，尽量找一个安静的地方进行对话)”可知，D项“Avoidlookingatyourphoneorotherdistractions.(避免看手机或其他让人分心的东西)”是对前文的进一步说明，符合文意。故选D项。【18题详解】设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Sometimespeopleneedtoletoffsteamandothertimestheywantsolutions,soit’sbesttoaskhowyoucansupportthem.Checkwhethertheywouldlikeadviceorjusttosharetheirexperience.(有时人们需要发泄，有时他们需要解决方案，所以最好问问你如何支持他们。看看他们是需要建议还是只是分享他们的经验)”可知，本段主要讲述可以询问对方的需求，所以G项“Askingcanofferthepersonasenseofbeingheardwhentheyfeeloverwhelmed.(当他们感到不知所措时，询问可以给他们一种被倾听的感觉)”是对前文的总结，符合本段主题。故选G项。【19题详解】设空为本段小标题，根据后文“Ruthalsoremendstryingtoavoidofferinguninvitedadvice,orpushingthepersonintoproblemsolvingbeforetheyfeelready.“Theymayalreadybeoverwhelmedandabarrageofpossibilitiesandsolutions,withoutagoodunderstandingofallthefactors,canbeunhelpfulandmakethepersonfeelunheard,”shesays.“Trytoavoidmakingyourselfthefocusoftheconversation,”addsRuth.(鲁斯还建议，尽量避免主动提供未经请求的建议，或者在对方还没准备好之前就催促他们解决问题。她说：“他们可能已经不知所措，而在没有充分了解所有因素的情况下，一大堆可能性和解决方案可能会让他们觉得无助，并感觉自己没有被倾听。”鲁斯补充道：“尽量不要让自己成为谈话的焦点。”)”可知，本段主要讲述不要在没有充分了解所有因素的情况下，给出一大堆可能性和解决方案，或把话题引到自己身上。所以C项“Trynottominimizeormakeitaboutyou.(尽量不要轻描淡写或把话题引到自己身上)”符合本段主题，为本段小标题。故选C项。【20题详解】根据前文“Accidentallywetendtounderstatetheperson’sexperiencewithmentslike(我们无意中倾向于低估别人的经历，比如)”可知，空处应是针对低估别人的经历这件事，进行举例，所以A项“Itcouldhavebeenworse.(本来可能更糟)”符合此处主题，是对前文的举例。故选A项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。It’salwaysdarkestbeforedawn.Althoughdawnpromiseslight,itbringssomepain.StandinginfrontofUnsichtBar,Iwashalfreadyformysensestobe____21____astheyhadadvertised,thoughIfeltsomewhatuncertainaboutwhatwouldhappennext.Iwasn’tleft____22____forlongwhenawaiterarrivedand____23____metofollowhimthroughtheentrance.DiningintheDarkisaconceptthat____24____aninnovativediningexperience,enhancingsensorystimulationforguests,withprovidingjobsforvisually____25____individuals.Lightsout,darknessfelluponme.Intheabsenceofsight,thefamiliartransformedintothe____26____.Ittookmeseveral____27____tofinallylocatemyglass.Celebratingthat____28____,Ididn’trealizekeepingitfromspilling(溢出)wasevenharder.Oftenemptyforked,Iknewitwastimeformyhandstotakeover,soI____29____myhandsforfoodasiftodrinkfromastream.Thefoodwassimilarly____30____inmystery(神秘).Withmy____31____gone,mysenseofsmellfailed,andthetasteoffooddidn’tdelivered____32____experience.Theexperiencehighlightsmyinabilitytocopewithsightlessness,whichgoesbeyonddailytaskslikediningormaking____33____soundswhenwalkingonthepavementto____34____danger.I’mgratefultohavethis____35____experiencewithblindindividuals.21.A.praised B.heightened C.lowered D.recovered22.A.weeping B.talking C.