专项05　介词和介词短语 学案 （含答案） 2025年中考人教版英语语法专项复习

专项五介词和介词短语河北中考考情分析分析河北近六年的中考真题可以看出,介词是河北中考的必考点,主要考查介词(短语)辨析和固定搭配。设题形式多为单项选择、词语运用以及完形填空等。预计2025年河北中考中的完形填空和短文填空可能会涉及介词短语和固定搭配的考查。近六年考查频次及分值如下表:考查点年份题号考题设置分值介词(短语)辨析202431by/in/for/to1分202331in/of/for/with1分202432at/in/of/by1分47becauseof/oppositeto/accordingto/insteadof1分202331in/on/with/for1分47about/from/except/without1分202331at/to/on/off1分76from1分202428for/in/with/by1分41with/about/into/from1分固定搭配202474waitfor1分202379learnfrom1分202475sayhellotosb.1分202372lookafter1分202480thinkof1分Ⅰ.单项选择❶(2024·河北)Hurryup,Nancy!Themeetingwillstarttenminutes.

A.by B.in C.for D.to❷(2023·河北)Manythanksyourgift.Iloveit.

A.in B.of C.for D.with❸(2024·河北)Look!Thefishisswimmingfasttheriver.

A.at B.in C.of D.by❹(2023·河北)Ieatricebeefandpotatoes.It’sdelicious.

A.in B.on C.with D.for❺(2023·河北)Whenareyouarriving?I’llpickyouupthestation.

A.at B.to C.on D.off❻(2024·河北)ThisstoryissimpleEnglish.Mylittlesistercanreadit.

A.for B.in C.with D.byⅡ.用适当的介词填空❶(2024·河北)LinMingstoodattheschoolgateandwaitedhissister.

❷(2023·河北)Also,heshowsushowtolearnourmistakes.

❸(2024·河北)SheoftensayshellomefromherfrontgardenwhenIcomebackhome.

❹(2023·河北)Ihavetwolittlebrothers.They’reverylovely.Ioftenhelpmyparentslooktheminmysparetime.

❺(2023·河北)Wheneverythingwasready,Dadcamebackhomehisoffice.

❻(2024·河北)IalwayslookatthealbumwhenIthinkDavid.Ireallymisshim.

考点一时间介词词条用法示例in+时间段(1)较长的时间段(如世纪、年代、年、月、季节)(2)较短的时间段(泛指上午、下午、傍晚、白天等)(3)固定短语中inthe21stcentury在21世纪inJuly在七月inSpring在春天inthemorning/after-noon/evening在上午/下午/晚上intheend最后inclass在课堂上on+具体一天(1)日期(几月几日)(2)星期、节日(3)特指某一天的上午、下午、晚上onSeptember1st在9月1日onMonday/weekdays在周一/周末onNationalDay在国庆节onSaturdaymorning在周六上午at+时间点(1)具体时间点前(2)固定短语中atoneo’clock在1点atnoon在中午attheageofsix在六岁时during在……期间duringthesummerholiday在暑假期间duringthose20days在那20天里before在……之前Imustfinishalltheworkbeforeteno’clock.我必须在10点前完成所有的工作。after(在……后)后接时间点,常用于将来时Iwillgotoschoolafterseveno’clock.我将在7点之后去上学。后接以过去为起点的时间段,多用于过去时UncleTomfinishedschoolafterthreeyears.汤姆叔叔三年后毕业了。by(到……为止)by+时间点(表示过去,常用于过去完成时)By2024,Ihadworkedtherefortenyears.到2024年为止,我已经在那里工作10年了。by+时间点(表示将来,常用于将来完成时)Bytheendofthisterm,Iwillhavelearned1,000Englishwords.到这个学期结束时,我将学完1000个英语单词。until/till(直到……)表示动作持续到某一时间点Wemustworkhereuntil10o’clock.我们必须在这儿工作到10点钟。用适当的介词填空❶TheastronautsofShenzhou-15completedthethirdspacewalkMarch30,2023.

❷Mysisteriscleverandshecouldreadandwritetheageof4.

❸themorningofApril2,the2023XiangjiangMarathonZhuzhouStationfiredastartinggunatWanfengLakeandtheracebegan.

❹—Whattimedoesourschoollibraryopen?—Itopens8:30a.m.

❺spring,thedaysareoftenwindyandbright.It’saperfecttimetoflyakite.

考点二方位介词❶in、on、at、by和along的用法介词用法示例in表示“在……里”;表示“在……上”时,暗示占去了某物的一部分;表示地点时,多指较大的地方HelivesinShanghai.他住在上海。on意为“在……之上”,表示与物体的表面有接触TheEnglishbookisonthedesk.英语书在桌子上。at表示地点时,多指较小的地方或某一地点的具体位置WeliveatNo.87BeijingRoad.我们住在北京路87号。by表示“靠近……,在……旁边”Thetelephoneisbythewindow.电话在窗户旁边。along表示“沿着;靠着……边”Theywalkedslowlyalongtheroad.他们沿公路慢慢走。❷above、over、under和below的用法介词用法示例above和below指离开物体表面而在其上方,但不一定是正上方,above和below是反义词Thebirdisflyingabovemyhead.那只鸟在我头顶上飞。Icouldhearvoicesinthecourtyardbelowmywindow.我能听到窗户下面的院子里说话的声音。over和under指正上方,与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。over与under相对。over还可表示一物被另一物覆盖Thebridgeovertheriverhasalonghistory.河上的这座桥历史悠久。Writeyournameunderyourpicture.在你的照片下面写上名字。❸across、through和past的用法介词用法示例across表示从表面通过,动作是在某一物体的表面进行的Tomisswimmingacrosstheriver.汤姆正游过那条河。through表示从某一空间内穿过,强调动作在某一物体的内部进行Shesmiledathimashewalkedthroughthedoor.他从门口进来时,她朝他笑了笑。past强调从某一物体的一旁经过Shewavedasshedrovepast.她开车经过的时候挥了挥手。❹between和among的用法介词用法示例between用于两者之间或者多者以上的两两之间,常用于结构“between...and...”IsatdownbetweenSarahandJane.我坐在萨拉和简之间。among用于三者或三者以上之间Shewastheeldestamongthem.她是他们当中年纪最大的。Ⅰ.用适当的介词填空❶Vincentsometimessitstheriverandlistenstomusic.

❷QingdaoJiaozhouBayBridgetheseahelpspeopletravelconveniently.

❸Hehasdevelopedagoodhabitofrunningthelakeeverymorning.

❹ShirleyisstillwaitingforherflighttoNewYorkCitytheairport.

❺—Excuseme,Mr.Li,whereistheDiaoyuIsland?—Letmeshowyouthemap.It’stheeastofChina.

Ⅱ.从方框中选择合适的介词填空(每词限用一次)among,in,on,below,above,across❶Alittlegirliswalkingtheroad.

❷Hespentafewdaysahotel.

❸ArecentstudyinAustraliashowsthatparentsarethetopfiveworld’shardestjobs.

❹ThetemperatureinHeilongjiangcanreach35degreesinsummerandminus30degreesinwinter.

❺Youmustbecarefulwhenyouswimthelake.

考点三方式介词介词用法示例with后跟具体的工具,与后面的名词或代词构成介词短语,指“借助于;用”Ioftendomyhomeworkwithapen.我经常用钢笔写家庭作业。in后跟表示语言、墨水、颜色、颜料等的名词,名词前不加冠词CanyousayitinEnglish?你能用英语说它吗?Pleasewriteitinink.请用墨水写下它。by表示用某种方式或手段,名词前不加冠词Thispairofshoesismadebyhand.这双鞋是手工制作的。on表示借助、通过某一器械、机器,名词前一般加冠词theIcoulddoallmyworkonthecomputer.我能在电脑上完成所有的工作。【注意】by、in与on表示交通方式的区别用by时,交通工具前不加任何限定词;用on或in时,交通工具前加限定词。如:bybike=onabike;bycar=inacar用适当的介词填空❶DoyoulearnEnglishgrammartakingnotesanddoingexercises?

❷—Excuseme.Howdoesthemachinework?—Itrunselectricity.

❸—Look,Peteriswritinghislefthand.

—Wow,cool!❹Studentshereoftendophysicsexperimentssmallgroups.

考点四介词短语及固定搭配❶介词与名词的常用搭配in+名词inEnglish用英语insurprise惊奇地indanger处于危险中inpublic公开inbed躺在床上inorder有序的at+名词atnight在夜晚atpresent目前atschool在学校atwork在工作on+名词onshow在展出onduty值日,值班nvacation在度假onfire着火of+名词ofimportance重要ofvalue有价值under+名词undercontrol在控制中to+名词toone’ssurprise令某人惊奇的是by+名词byhand手工bybike骑自行车with+名词withpleasure愉快地outof+名词outofsight看不见outofdanger脱离危险名词+介词theanswerto...……的答案thekeyto...……的钥匙❷介词与动词的常用搭配动词+infillin填入handin上交动词+onputon穿上geton上车动词+atlaughat嘲笑shoutat冲……大叫lookat看knockat敲动词+tolistento听getto到达writeto给……写信动词+ofhearof听说thinkof认为动词+forlookfor寻找askfor询问leavefor前往动词+offgetoff下车putoff推迟动词+abouttalkabout谈论worryabout担忧动词+fromlearnfrom向……学习hearfrom收到……的来信动词+withtalkwith和……谈话dealwith处理动词+afterlookafter照顾❸介词与形容词的常用搭配形容词+inbeinterestedin对……感兴趣bepoorin缺乏形容词+atbegoodat擅长形容词+ofbeafraidof害怕befullof充满beproudof为……感到骄傲形容词+tobesimilarto与……相似becloseto与……接近形容词+frombedifferentfrom与……不同befreefrom免于形容词+aboutbeworriedabout对……感到担心形容词+withbestrictwith对……严格bebusywith忙于形容词+forbefamousfor因……而著名begoodfor对……有好处用适当的介词填空❶Thanksfreeeducation,lotsofpoorchildreninthemountainareascangobacktoschool.

❷Healthyeatingtogetherregularexerciseisthebestwaytokeepfit.❸Manywildanimalsaredangerandit’stimeforustodowhateverwecantoprotectthem.

❹Everyjobhasaninfluencethefutureoftheworld.

❺—Ithinkwashinghandseverydayisgoodourhealth.

—Yes,Iagreeyou.

Ⅰ.根据句意,用适当的介词填空❶—Amodelplaneisthetree.Let’sgetitdown.

—Look!Theapplesthetreearereallyred.

❷Mariawentskatingwithherfriendsintheparkasunnymorning.

❸—Whyareyousoexcited?—Allofustakepridethesuccessfulcomingbackofthespacecraft.

❹Thereisalowbrickwallthegardenandthefield.

❺MyclassmatesliketoreadEnglishnovelstheirfreetime.

❻hisopinion,learningtocookisameaningfulthing.

❼Lilyisanoutgoinggirl.Youcanalwaysseeabeautifulsmileherface.

❽Ioftenbuyschoolthingsmywayhome.

❾Themanblueismyuncle.

❿ThelocalcommunitycenterisopenMondaytoSaturday.

Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子❶我真的什么都看不见。他的头挡住了我的视线。Ireallycan’tseeanything.Hisheadisofmyview.

❷世界上许多野生动物因为人类的行为而处于危险之中。Manywildanimalsintheworldarebecauseofhumanactivities.

❸妈妈,我今晚可以晚睡吗?毕竟,我明天不必去上学。Mom,canIstayuplatetonight?,Ineedn’tgotoschooltomorrow.

❹多亏了我们的英语老师,我们班所有的学生在考试中都取得了好成绩。ourEnglishteacher,allthestudentsinourclassgotgoodgradesintheexam.

❺你应该自己完成这项作业。Youshouldfinishthehomework.

Ⅲ.根据短文内容,用适当的介词填空AvideoseriesnamedEscapefromtheBritishMuseumwasreleased(发布)lastyear.Ithascausedaheateddiscussion1.China’ssocialmediarecently.DirectedbytwoChinesevloggers,thethree-episodeseriestellsthestoryofhowaChineseculturalrelic(遗迹)escapes2.theBritishMuseumandfindsitswaybacktoChina.Inthevideoseries,thefemalevloggerplaystherole3.anancientChinesejadeteapot(玉茶壶),whilehermalepartnerisajournalistwhohelpstheteapotreturntoChina.Thevideoserieswasinspired4.anetizenwhosuggestedmakingavideoinmemoryoftheordeal(严峻的考验)ofChineseculturalrelicsreturninghomefromtheUKtocelebratetheChineselunarNewYear.Thestorywasbased5.historicfactsandaimstodrawattentiontotheChineseculturalrelicsheldabroad.Somenetizenshumorouslyremarked(评论)thestorythatthetreasures6.theBritishMuseummustbefeeling“homesick”.Whataneducationalandcreativestory!Itisbelievedthatmoregr