旅游商务英语（第二版）课件汇 范广丽 Unit 1 Exhibition Services- Unit 5 Tourism Demands

旅游商务英语

（修订版）

Unit1ExhibitionServicesAfterlearningthisunit,youwouldbeableto:﹡knowhowtoprovideservicestoexhibitorsandvisitors;﹡talkabouthowtoinviteanewcustomertoattendanexhibition;﹡tellthedifferencesbetweentypesofmeetings;﹡knowhowtomakeameetingplan;﹡getfamiliarwithsometermsinthefieldofexhibitionsandconferences.Warm-upListeningPlanning

a

Trade

Show■WordsandExpressionsexecutev.

doorperformsomethinginaplannedway;carryout;putintoeffect完成；实现logisticaladj.relatingtotheprocessofplanningandorganizingtomakesurethatresourcesareintheplaceswheretheyareneeded后勤方面的；物流的constructorn.someonewhocontractsforandsupervisesconstruction(asofabuilding)建造者；制造商eye-catchingadj.veryattractiveornoticeable引人注目的；耀眼的carriern.

apersonorfirminthebusinessoftransportingpeopleorgoodsormessages承运商，承运人value-for-money物超所值的；特惠的checklist

n.alistofitems(namesortasksetc.)tobecheckedorconsulted（核对用的）一览表，清单■Termstradeshow销售展；商展freightforwarder展会货运公司temporarystaffagency临时的工作人员机构installationanddismantlinglabor负责安装和拆卸的工人publicityarrangement宣传安排exhibitstorage展品存储

Listentothepassageforthreetimes,andfillinthemissinginformationyouhaveheard. Planningandexecutingatradeshowisn’teasy.Lackingattentiontodetails,organizingatradeshowcanquicklybecomealogisticalnightmare.Tradeshoworganizersmust1.atimeandplacefortheevent,attracttradeshowexhibitors,and2.thousandsofdetailsinordertomaketheeventasuccess.Firstly,organizersshouldprovideawidevarietyoftradeshowservicesbeforeanexhibition.Forinstance,organizerscanofferexhibitorsalistof3.andconstructorswhospecializeincreatingeye-catchingtradeshowexhibits.Therestservicescouldbe:providingofficialfreightforwarders,officialairexpresscompanies,officialcarriers,value-for-moneyhotels,etc.Secondly,duringanexhibition,organizerscouldalsoprovideservicestomaketheexhibition4.

,suchastemporarystaffagencies,printingservices,securityservices,officialbusinesscenter,installationanddismantlinglabor,mobilephone5.,keepingcleaning,Internetaccessatthefair,parking,freeshuttlebus,6.rental,publicityarrangement,exhibitstorage,etc.Finally,inordertomakethetradeshowmoreattractive,organizerscanprovideadditionalservices,suchaschildcareservices,especiallyfortheexhibitorsandvisitorswithyoungchildren.Organizerscanevensupply

aneasy-to-usetradeshowchecklisttoprospectiveexhibitorstohelpsimplifytheirplanningefforts.Exhibitors’7.

shouldalsobeconsideredwhenplanningmeals,entertainmentandseatingarrangements.SpeakingTasksCallingANewCustomerToAttendTheExhibition■WordsandExpressionsprospectiveadj.expectedtobeortooccur;futureorpossible预期的；未来的；可能的exposuren.

presentationtoviewinanopenorpublicmanner暴露；亮相a(high)volumeofadj.agreatdeal大量的；很多craftv.makeobjectsinaskilledway精心制作solidadj.certainorsafe;ofagoodstandard;givingconfidenceofsupport;secure可信赖的；可靠的integraladj.necessaryandimportantasapartofawhole构成整体所必需的；基本的distinctiveadj.capableofbeingclassified独特的，有特色的，与众不同的ground-leveladj.thesamelevelasthesurfaceoftheground地面的；平层的configurationn.theparticulararrangementorpatternofagroupofrelatedthings布局；结构rewardingadj.providingpersonalsatisfaction;satisfyingorbeneficial有益的；值得的■TermstheYellowPages黄页，查号簿maximizeinvestment投资收益最大化a(high)volumeofadj.agreatdealof大量的；很多brandawareness品牌意识strategicrelationship战略伙伴关系marketshare市场份额partnershipandalliance

伙伴联盟targetaudience(s)目标客户（群）；目标观众separationandcombination分隔与组合

Workinpairs.Role-playthedialogwithyourpartner.DianaSmith,TheSalesManagerOfAfamousinternationalconventionandexhibitioncompany,iscallingJohnWeld,theMarketingmanagerofatoycompany,invitinghimtoattendthe23rdInternationalToyExhibitiontobeheldinLondon.MissSmith: GoodafternoonMayISpeaktoMr.JohnWeld,theMarketingManagerofLezhiToys,please?Mr.Weld: Speaking,please.Who’sthat?MissSmith: ThisIsDianaSmith,theSalesManagerofKuntaiInternationalConventionAndExhibitionCompany.Igot yourmessagefromTheYellowPagesandI’mCallingtoseeifyouareinterestedinthe23rdInternational ToyExhibition.Mr.Weld: We’dloveto.Butyouknowweareamedium-sizedcompanyandhaveneverattendedanyexhibitions.MissSmith: Nevermind.Ifyouwanttomaximizeinvestmentandmakethemostofprospectivebusiness,anexhibition willprovideauniqueopportunitytogainexposuretoahighvolumeofpotentialclients.Mr.Weld: Yes,Ithinkso.Opportunitiestocontactpossiblecustomersareimportant.Misssmith: Youareright.Besides,intheexhibitions,youcanenhancebrandawareness,buildstrategicrelationships, andobtainorgrowyourmarketsharewithnewprospects.Ofcourse,youcanintroduceyournewproducts andservices,maintainandexpandexistingcustomerrelations,developpartnershipsandalliances,amonga hostofotheropportunities.Mr.Weld: Isee.Attendingexhibitionsisagoodwaytodoadvertisement.Butwhatarethekeystoreachmytradeshow objectives?Misssmith:

Craftingsolidmessagesisanintegralpartofreachingtradeshowobjectives.Meanwhile,youcanconnect withyourtargetaudience(s)tocommunicateclearlythedistinctivevalueyourcompanybrings.Mr.Weld: Whenareyougoingtoholdtheexhibition?Misssmith: WeplantoholdtheexhibitioninMid-JulyinLondon.Wecanofferatotalofmorethan80000squaremeters ofexhibitionspace.Mr.Weld: Well,canyoutellusmoredetails?Misssmith: Sure.Thereare15ground-levelexhibitionhalls,andflexibleseparationandcombinationofthehallsare availableondemandtomeetvariousconfigurationneeds.Mr.Weld: Soundsgood.Thankyousomuch.Itsoundssorewardingtoattendyourexhibition.Iwilldiscusswithmy bossandcallyoulater.Misssmith: OK.We’relookingforwardtoyourcalling!Goodbye.ReadingPassageA

TypesofMeetings,ConventionsandExpositionsMeetings1 Meetingsareconferences,workshops,seminars,orothereventsdesignedtobringpeopletogetherfor

thepurposeofexchanginginformation.Meetingscantakeanyoneofthefollowingforms:Clinic:Aworkshop-typeeducationalexperienceinwhichattendeeslearnbydoing.Aclinicusuallyinvolvessmallgroupsinteractingwitheachotheronanindividualbasis.Forum:anassemblyforthediscussionofcommonconcerns.Usually,expertsinagivenfieldtakeoppositesidesofanissueinApaneldiscussion,withliberalopportunityforaudienceparticipation.Seminar:alectureandadialogthatallowparticipantstoshareexperiencesinaparticularfield.Aseminarisguidedbyanexpertdiscussionleader,andusually30orfewerpersonsparticipate.Symposium:aneventatwhichaparticularsubjectisdiscussedbyexpertsandopinionsaregathered.Workshop:asmallgroupledbyafacilitatorortrainer.Itgenerallyincludesexercisestoenhanceskillsordevelopknowledgeinaspecifictopic.workshop

n.ameetingofpeopletodiscussand/orperformpracticalworkinasubjectoractivity专题讨论会，讲习班seminar

n.anymeetingforanexchangeofideas研讨会forthepurposeofinorderto为了……（目的）clinicn.instructiontoagroupofpeopleinaparticularsubjectactivity,orsport讲习班；研习班attendee

n.someonewhoispresentandparticipatesinameeting出席者interactwithgainmutualeffect相互作用，互相配合forum

n.apublicmeetingorassemblyforopendiscussion讨论会；论坛inagivenfieldinacertainfield在某一领域paneldiscussion小组讨论会；专题讨论会liberaladj.respectingandallowingmanydifferenttypesofbeliefsorbehavior开明的；自由的symposiumn.aformaloccasionwhenspecialistsinaparticularareameettodiscussasubjectofinteresttothem讨论会；专题报告会facilitator

n.someonewhohelpstomakesomethinghappen,orwhomakesiteasier帮助者；推进者2 Thereasonforhavingameetingcanrangefromthepresentationofanewsalesplantoatotalqualitymanagementworkshop.Thepurposeofmeetingsistoaffectbehavior.Forexample,asaresultofattendingameeting,apersonshouldknoworbeabletodocertainthings.Someoutcomesareveryspecific;othersmaybelessso.Forinstance,ifameetingwerecalledtobrainstormnewideas,theoutcomemightbelessconcretethanforothertypesofmeetings.Thenumberofpeopleattendingameetingcanvary.Successfulmeetingsrequireagreatdealofcarefulplanningandorganization.Inamajorconventioncity,conventiondelegatesspendapproximately$423perday,almosttwicethatofvacationtravelers.3 Meetingsaresetupaccordingtothewishesoftheclient.Thethreemaintypesofmeetingsetupsaretheaterstyle,classroomstyle,andboardroomstyle.Theaterstylegenerallyis

intendedforalargeaudiencethatdoesnotneedtomakealotofnotesorrefertodocuments.Thisstyleusually

consistsof

araisedplatformandalecternfromwhichapresenteraddressestheaudience.Classroomsetupsareusedwhenthemeetingformatismoreinstructionalandparticipantsneedtotakedetailednotesorrefertodocuments.Aworkshop-typemeetingoftenusesthisformat.Boardroomsetupsaremadeforsmallnumbersofpeople.Themeetingtakesplacearoundoneblockrectangulartable.rangefrom…to…varyfrom…to…从……到……；从……到……范围brainstormnewidea集思广益concrete

adj.clearandcertain,orrealandexistinginaformthatcanbeseenorfelt;definite;positive确实的，明确的，确定的approximately

adv.closetoalthoughnotexactly;nearly;about;roughly;moreorless近似，大约beintendedforhaveinmindasapurpose;mean意指；为……准备的lectern

n.adeskwithaslopingpartonwhichabookorpaperisputtobereadfrom

讲台instructionaladj.teachingsomeonehowtodosomething;providinginstruction指导的，教育的rectangular

adj.havingfourrightangles矩形的，长方形的Associationmeetings4 Everyyear,therearethousandsofassociationmeetingsthatspendmillionsofdollarssponsoringmanytypesofmeetings,includingregional,specialinterest,education,andboardmeetings.Whenchoosingalocation,theassociationmeetingplannerconsidersthedestination’savailabilityofhotelandfacilities,easeoftransportation,distancefromattendees,transportationcosts,aswellasfoodandbeverage.Membersattendassociationmeetingsvoluntarily,sothehotelshouldworkwithmeetingplannerstomakethedestinationseemasappealingaspossible.Conventionsandexpositions[1]5 Conventionsaregenerallylargermeetingsthatincludesomeformofexpositionortradeshow.Anumberofassociationshaveoneormoreconventionsperyear.Theseconventionsraisealargepartoftheassociation’sbudget.Atypicalconventionfollowsaformatlikethis:Welcome/registrationIntroductionofpresidentPresident’swelcomespeech,openingtheconventionFirstkeynoteaddressbyafeaturedspeakerExpositionboothsopen(equipmentmanufacturersandtradesuppliers)Severalworkshopsorpresentationsonspecifictopicssponsorv.supportaperson,organization,oractivitybygivingmoney,encouragement,orotherhelp资助；赞助；支持boardmeeting董事会议appealing

adj.attractiveorinteresting引起兴趣的；动人的exposition

n.(alsoexpo)ashowinwhichindustrialgoods,worksofart,etc.areshowntothepublic

展览会；博览会；商品交易会budgetn.theamountofmoneyyouhaveavailabletospend预算keynote

n.themostimportantormostemphasizedpartofsomething主旨keynoteaddress(alsokeynotespeech)

主旨演讲；主旨发言featured

adj.havingatypicalqualityoranimportantpartofsomething作为特色的；有……特征的booth

n.apartlyclosedareaorsmalltentatafair,exhibition,orsimilarevent售货棚；摊位[1]conventionsandexpositions会展指会议、展览、大型活动等集体性商业或非商业活动的简称。其概念的内涵是在一定地域空间内，许多人聚集在一起形成定期或不定期的、制度或非制度的传递和交流信息的群众性社会活动，其概念的外延包括各种类型的博览会、展销活动、大中小型会议、文化活动、节庆活动等。特定主题的会展指围绕特定主题集合多人在特定时间和场所的集聚交流活动。LuncheonMoreworkshopsandpresentationsDemonstrationsofspecialtopics(e.g.culinaryartsforahospitalityconvention)Vendors’privatereceptionsDinnerConventioncenterclosesTypesofMeeting6 Therearedifferenttypesofmeetingandpurposesforhavingameeting.Thereareannualmeetings[2],meetingsheldbyprivateorpubliccompaniesorboardandcommittees,therearefund-raisers,andthereareprofessionalandtechnicalmeetings.Populartypesofmeetingsinclude:7 AnnualmeetingsAnnualmeetingsaremeetingsthataregenerallyheldeveryyearbycorporationsorassociationstoinformtheirmembersofpreviousandfutureactivities.Inorganizationsrunbyvolunteersorapaidcommittee,theannualmeetingisgenerallyforum

fortheelectionofofficersorrepresentativefortheorganization.luncheon

n.lunch,especiallyaformallunchheldinconnectionwithameetingorotherspecialoccasion午宴；正式的午餐demonstration

n.adescriptionofexplanation,asofaprocess,illustratedbyexamples,specimens,orthelike演示；示范culinary

adj.oforrelatingtoorusedincooking

厨房的；烹调的vendorn.apersonorcompanythatsellsgoodsorservices;seller厂商；供货商；小贩fund-raiser

n.apersonoreventthatcollectsmoney筹款人；募捐者[2]annualmeetings年会指某些社会团体一年举行一次的集会，是企业和组织一年一度不可缺少的“家庭盛会”，主要目的是激扬士气，营造组织气氛、深化内部沟通、促进战略分享、增进目标认同，并制定目标，为新一年度的工作奏响序曲。8 Board,CommitteeMeetings,SeminarsAndWorkshops,ProfessionalandTechnicalMeetingsboardmeetingsforcorporationsmustbeheldannuallyandmostcorporationsholdmeetingsmonthlyorfourtimesayear.Ofcourse,notallareheldinhotels,butsomeare,andthatbringsinadditionalrevenue.Committeemeetingsaregenerallyheldattheplaceofbusinessandoccasionallyareheldinhotels.Seminarsarefrequentlyheldinhotelsasareworkshopsandtechnicalmeetings.Tomeettheseneeds,hotelsandconventioncentershaveconventionandmeetingmanagerswhogoovertherequirementsandprepareproposalsandeventordersandbudgets.9 Social,military,Educational,Religious,andFraternalgroups(SMERF)[3]Oftenthesegroupsarepriceconscious,

duetothefactthatthemajorityofthefunctionssponsored

bytheseorganizationsarepaidforbytheindividual,andsometimesthefeesarenottaxdeductible.However,SMERFgroupsareflexibletoensurethattheirspendingfallswithinthelimitsoftheirbudgets;theyareagoodfillerbusinessduringoff-peaktimes,meaningtheyfrequentlybringhotelsbusinessduringotherwisequiettimes.10 IncentivemeetingsTheincentivemarketofmice[4]continuestoexperiencerapidgrowthasmeetingplannersandtravelagentsorganizecorporateincentivetravelprogramstorewardemployeesforreachingspecifictargets.Incentive

tripsgenerallyvaryfromthreetosixdaysinlengthandcanrangefromamoderatetriptoanextremelylavishvacationfortheemployeeandhisorherpartner.ThemostpopulardestinationforincentivetripsisEurope,followedcloselybytheCaribbean[5],Hawaii,Florida,California.Becauseincentivetravelservesastherewardfortheuniquesubsetofcorporategroupbusiness,participantsmustperceivethedestinationandthehotelassomethingspecial.Climate,recreationalfacilities,andsightseeingopportunitiesarehighonanincentivemeetingplanner’slistofattributestolookfor.bringinyield(income,profit,orcash);earnassalaryorwages带来；赚取revenue

n.theentireamountofincomebeforeanydeductionsaremade收入fraternaladj.likeorcharacteristicofabrotherorbrothers;brotherly兄弟的；兄弟般的priceconscious价格敏感deductible

adj.capableofbeingtakenaway(anamount,apart)fromatotal可扣除的flexibleadj.easilychangedtosuitnewconditions灵活的，可变通的withinthelimitstosomeextent,butnotallowingeverything在……范围内filler

n.anythingaddedtofilloutawhole填充物off-peaktimes淡季incentive

n.something,especiallymoney,thatencourageapersonororganizationtodosomething

激励；鼓励

incentivemeeting奖励会议corporateadj.relatedtoabusiness,especiallyalargebusiness（大）公司的；

法人的rewardv.givemoneyorotheradvantagesbecausetheyhavebeensuccessful奖赏incentive

trip奖励旅游moderate

adj.neithersmallnorlargeinsize,amount,degree,orstrength中等的；适度的lavish

adj.largeinquantityandexpensiveorimpressive豪华的，奢华的subset

n.asetofmembersorthingsthatispartofanotherlargerset

子集；小组perceive

v.becomeawareof,especiallythroughtheeyesorthemind感觉；察觉

~as视为；当作attributen.aqualityorcharacteristicthatsomeoneorsomethinghas属性；特征[3]Social,Military,Educational,Religious,andFraternalGroups(SMERF)社会团体、军事机构、教育部门、宗教团体、兄弟会SMERF是会议业的首字母缩略语。有些国家也将会议市场的另一个组成部分——体育会议(athleticmeetings)列入SMERF市场，称为“SMERFA”。[4]mice会展业由meetings（会议）、incentives（奖励旅游）、conferences（大型会议）、exhibitions（展览会）

的第一个字母大写组成，是会展的英文缩写。[5]Caribbean加勒比指

CaribbeanSea加勒比海，位于大西洋西部、南北美洲之间，是潜水爱好者最想去的目的地。加勒比海域清澈湛蓝，充满异国情调。海面下有各种色彩斑斓的海洋生物与多样的水下环境，如海底洞穴、暗礁、沉船、海墙等。ReadingPassageBMeetingPlanning

1 Meetingplanningincludesnotonlytheplanning,butalsothesuccessfulholdingofthemeetingandpost-meetingevaluations(n.估价；评价).Asweshallsee,thereareanumberoftopicsandlotsofdetailstoconsider.Needsanalysis(需求分析)2 Beforeameetingplannercanstartplanningameeting,aneedsanalysisisdonetodeterminethepurposeanddesiredoutcomeofameeting.Oncethishasbeenestablished,themeetingplannercanworkwiththepartytomaximize(v.最大化；充分利用)theproductivityofthemeeting.Thekeytotheproductivemeetingisameetingagenda(n.

议事日程).Themeetingagendamaynotalwaysfallundertheresponsibilityofthemeetingplanner,butthemeetingplannermustbecloselyinvolvedwiththewrittenagendaandwiththecorepurposeoftheagendawhichmaybedifferentfromwhatisstated.Forexample,anonprofitorganization(非营利性组织)mayholdafunctiontopromoteawarenessof(提高对……的认识)itsobjectivesthroughafunactivity;however,itshiddenagendaistoraisefundsfortheorganization.3 Themeetingagendaprovidestheframeworkforcreatingmeetingobjectives.Themeetingplannermustknowwhattheorganizationistryingtoaccomplishinordertosuccessfullymanagethemeetingorconference.Itishelpfulforthemeetingplanner,regardlessofwhatroleheorsheplaystoplanthemeetingwiththemeetingobjectivesinmind.Themeeting'sobjectivesprovidetheframeworkfromwhichthemeetingplannerwillsetthebudget,selectthesiteandfacility,andplantheoverallmeetingorconvention.Budget4 Understandingyourclientsandknowingtheirneedsarebothextremelyimportant,butunderstandingtheclient'sbudgetcarriesthemostweight.Settingthebudgetforthemeetingismoresuccessfulifthemeetingplannerisinvolvedinthebudgetplanningthroughoutandbeforeanydecisionsaremadeaboutspending.Settingthebudgetforthemeetingisnotasimpletask;however,knowinghowmuchmoneyisavailableandunderstandingtheevent’sparameters(n.

参数；决定因素)willhelpthemeetingplannerguideclients.Theamountofthebudgetneededvariesfordifferentsitesandactivities.Therefore,aworkingbudgetmustbecreatedtohelpwithdecisionsaboutthenecessarychanges.Itiswisetoinformthemeetingplannerofanychangesinthebudgetssothattheactivityplanningfallswithinbudgetaryconstraints(预算约束).Revenueandexpenditureestimatesmustbeaccurateandasthoroughaspossiblesothatallpossibleexpendituresareincludedinthebudgetpriorto(在……之前)

theevent.5 Incomeforameeting,convention,orexpositioncomesfromgrants(n.

赠予；拨款)orcontributions,event(n.

事件；会展项目)sponsorcontributions,registrationfees,exhibitorfees,sponsoringcompaniesororganizations,advertising,andthesalesofeducationalmaterials.6 Expensesforameeting,convention,orexpositionmayincludebutarenotlimitedtorentalfees,meetingplannerfees,marketingexpenses,printingandcopyingexpenses,supportsuppliessuchasofficesuppliesandmailing,on-siteandsupportstaff,audiovisualequipment,speakers,signage(n.

标示；标志),entertainmentandrecreationalexpenses,mementos(n.

纪念品)forguestsandattendees,tours,groundtransportation,spousalprograms,foodandbeverage,andon-sitepersonnel.Requestforproposal/quoteandsiteinspectionandselection7 NomatterhowlargeorsmallameetingisItisessentialthatclearmeetingspecificationaredevelopedintheformofawrittenrequestforproposal/quote(RFQ),ratherthancontactinghotelsbytelephonetogetaquote.Manylargerhotelsandconventioncentersnowhaveonlinesubmissionformsavailable.8 Themeetingplannerevaluateseveralfactorswhenheorsheisselectingameetingsite,includinglocationandlevelofservice,accessibility(n.

可达性),hotelroomavailability,conferenceroomavailability,price,city,restaurantserviceandquality,personalsafety,andlocationattractions.Conventioncentersandhotelsprovidemeetingspaceandaccommodationsaswellasfoodandbeveragefacilitiesandservice.Theconventioncentersandhotelteamfromeachhotelcapableofhandlingthemeetingwillattempttoimpressthemeetingplanner.Thehotelsalesexecutivewillsendparticularsofthehotel'smeetingspaceandaselectionofbanquetmenusandinvitethemeetingplannerforasiteinspection(实地视察).Duringthesiteinspection,themeetingplannerisshownallfacets(n.方面)ofthehotel,includingthemeetingrooms,guestsleepingrooms,thefoodandbeverageoutlets(n.

批发商店；经销店),andanyspecialfacilitythatmayinteresttheplannerortheclient.Negotiationwiththeconventioncenterorhotel9 Themeetingplannerhasseveralcriticalinteractionswithhotels,includingnegotiatingtheroomblocks(锁房)andrates.Escortingclientson-siteinspectionsgivesthehotelanopportunitytoshowitsleveloffacilitiesandservices.Themostimportantinteractionisnormallywiththecatering/banquet/conferencedepartmentassociates,especiallytheservicesmanagerandcaptains.Thesefrontlineassociatescanmakeorbreakameeting.Forexample,meetingplannersoftensendboxesofmeetingmaterialstohotelsexpectingthehoteltoautomaticallyknowwhichmeetingtheyarefor.Onmorethanoneoccasion,theyhaveendedupinthehotel’smainstoreroom,muchtotheconsternation(n.

惊愕)ofthemeetingplanner.Fortunately,mostmeetingsdonotvarymuchfromyeartoyear.So,oncemeetingplannershavetakencareofonemeeting,theyknowthedrill(n.

规定的步骤).Contracts10 Oncethemeetingplannerandthehotelorconferencefacilityhaveagreedonalltherequirementsandcosts,acontractispreparedandsignedbytheplanner,theorganization,andthehotelortheconventioncenter.Thecontractisalegaldocumentthatbindstwoormoreparties.Inthecaseofmeetings,conventions,andexpositions,acontractbindsanassociationororganizationandthehotelorconventioncenter.Thecomponentsthatmakeupanenforceable(adj.可实施的)contractincludethefollowing:anoffer,considerationandacceptance.11 Mostimportantly,tobeconsideredlegallyenforceable,acontractmustbemadebypartieswhoarelegallyabletocontract,andtheactivitiesspecifiedinthecontractmustnotbeinviolationofthelaw.Contractshouldincludeclauseson“attrition(n.人员损耗)andperformance,”meaningthatthecontracthasaclausetoprotectthehotelorconventionfacilityintheeventthattheorganizer'snumbersdropbelowanacceptablelevel.Becausethespacereservedissupposedtoproduceacertainamountofmoney,ifthenumbersdrop,sodoesthemoney,unlessthereisaclausethatsayssomethinglike,“therewillbeaguaranteedrevenueof$$$fortheuseoftheroom/space.”Theperformancepartoftheclausemeansthatacertainamountoffoodandbeveragerevenuewillbechargedregardlessofwhetheritisconsumedornot.Organizingandpre-conferencemeetings12 Theaverageleadtime(间隔时间)requiredtoorganizeasmallmeetingisaboutthreetosixmonths;largermeetingsandconferencestakemuchlongerandarebookedyearsinadvance.Somemeetingsandconventionschoosethesamelocationeachyear;othersmovefromcitytocity,usuallyfromTheEastCoasttotheMidwestorWestCoast.Conferenceeventorder13 Aconferenceeventorderincludesalltheinformationthatdepartmentemployeesneedaboutthedetailsofthesetup(timesandlayout)andtheconferenceitself(arrival,mealtimesandwhatfoodandbeveragesaretobeserved)andthecostofitemsforbilling(n.

记账)purposes.Post-eventmeeting14 Apost-eventmeetingisheldtoevaluatetheevent--whatwentwellandwhatshouldbeimprovedfornexttime.Largerconferencesinvitethestafffromthehotelorconventioncenterwheretheeventwillbeheldthefollowingyearsotheycanbetterpreparefortheeventwhenitisheldattheirfacility.Unit2

FoodAndTourismAfterlearningthisunit,youwouldbeableto:﹡knowsomethingaboutAmericancuisine;﹡talkaboutnutritionalfoodsandhealthyconditions;﹡knowabouttheorganizationof“SlowFood”Association;﹡knowsomethingaboutwinecultureinruralareas;﹡getfamiliarwithsometermsinthefieldoffoodandtourism.Warm-upListeningAmericanCuisine■WordsandExpressionsastringofaseriesof一串；一列essentialtoabsolutelynecessaryto

对……是必不可少的regionalismn.afeaturethatischaracteristicofaparticularregion

地方主义；地方色彩diversityn.theconditionorfactofbeingdifferentorvaried;variety多样性accent