2026届新高考英语考前冲刺最后一课动词的时态和语态

2026届新高考英语考前冲刺最后一课动词的时态和语态一般体考点一

一般现在时(动词用原形或第三人称单数)规则1表示客观规律或普遍真理(不受主句的时态限制)。The

geography

teacher

told

us

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun.地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。规则2

表示经常或习惯性的动作(多用行为动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用)或现在的性质、状态、特征等。We

alwayscare

about

each

other

and

help

each

other.我们总是相互关心,相互帮助。规则3

少数用于表示起止的动词,如come,

go,

leave,

arrive,

fly,

return,

start,

begin,

open,

close,

end,

stop等,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时,表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。The

shop

closes

at

11:00

pm

every

day.这个商店每天晚上11点关门。规则4

在时间、条件、方式及让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Unless

it

rains

tomorrow,

I

will

call

on

you.如果明天不下雨,我就去拜访你。［温馨提示］与一般现在时相对应的时间状语有:often,

always,

usually,

seldom,

every

day等。考点二

一般过去时(v.-ed或不规则变化)规则

表示在特定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态或表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。常与表示过去的具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)。A

thief

broke

into

his

house

last

night

and

stole

some

of

his

wife's

jewellery.昨晚一个小偷闯进他家,偷走了他妻子的一些首饰。［温馨提示］

与一般过去时相对应的时间状语有:back

then,

yesterday,

last

week,

after

that,

ago,

the

other

day等。【技法训练一】1.[2024·北京卷]

When

we

slow

down,

we

create

space

to

reflect

on

our

thoughts

and

emotions,

which

helps

us

identify

important

areas

of

our

lives

and

______

(give)

us

the

opportunity

to

make

right

choices.gives[解析]

考查动词时态和主谓一致。which引导的非限制性定语从句中,根据helps可知,从句使用一般现在时,which指代前边的整个句子,所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives,

与helps并列,作并列谓语。故填gives。2.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]

As

a

little

girl,

I

________

(wish)

to

be

a

zookeeper

when

I

grew

up.wished[解析]

考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,所以空处为本句谓语,再根据as

a

little

girl可知,用一般过去时。故填wished。3.[2023·浙江1月考]

In

the

Ming

Dynasty…The

large

siheyuan

of

these

high-ranking

officials

and

wealthy

businessmen

often

_________

(feature)

beautifully

carved

and

painted

roof

beams

and

pillars(柱子).featured[解析]

考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填谓语动词,再结合上文in

the

Ming

Dynasty可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填featured。4.[2022·北京卷]

Eventually,

the

man

________

(catch)

up

with

her,

and

he

was

only

trying

to

return

her

wallet!caught[解析]

考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知空处应填谓语动词,结合was可知动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。故填caught。5.[2021·北京卷]

As

it

_________

(connect)

things,

your

brain

turns

them

into

a

story,

and

you

get

a

dream.connects[解析]

考查动词时态和语态。空前是it,在从句中作主语。分析句子结构可知,空处为谓语动词。it与connect之间是主动关系,需用主动语态。再根据句中的turns可知,此处用一般现在时。故填connects。完成体考点一

现在完成时(has/have+过去分词)规则1表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,或说话时刚刚完成的动作。He

has

just

graduated

from

Harvard

and

is

trying

to

find

a

job

in

Beijing.他刚从哈佛大学毕业,正努力在北京找份工作。规则2

表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“for…”“since…”等时间状语连用。It

is

the

most

instructive

lecture

that

I

have

attended

since

I

came

to

this

school.这是我到这个学校以来听过的最有教育意义的演讲。［温馨提示］(1)与现在完成时相对应的时间状语有:

recently,

lately,

up

to/till

now,

so

far,

in/over/for

the

past/last

few

months/years…,

“for+时间段”,

“since+时间点”等;(2)下列句型常用现在完成时:It

is/has

been+一段时间+since

从句.This/That/It

is

the

first/second…+time+that从句(从句用现在完成时).This/That/It

is

the

best/finest/most

interesting…+that从句(从句用现在完成时).考点二

过去完成时(had+过去分词)规则1

在by,

by

the

end

of,

by

the

time,

until,

before等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句时,谓语动词表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。By

the

end

of

last

year,

we

had

produced

20,000

cars.到去年年底,我们已经生产了20

000辆汽车。规则2

表示从过去某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态,即“从过去到过去”。When

Jack

arrived,

Mary

had

been

away

for

almost

an

hour.当杰克到达时,玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。规则3

表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等,常用had

hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等表示。I

had

intended

to

come

over

to

see

you

last

night,

but

someone

called

and

I

couldn't

get

away.昨天晚上我本想来看你的,但有人打电话给我,我脱不开身。规则4

在“hardly/scarcely…when…”“no

sooner…than…”句型结构中,主句用过去完成时,且常用部分倒装,从句用一般过去时,意为“一……就……”。I

had

no

sooner

got

into

the

room

than

it

began

to

rain.→No

sooner

had

I

got

into

the

room

than

it

began

to

rain.我刚走进房间天就开始下起了雨。#4.1.2考点三

将来完成时(will/shall

have+过去分词)规则

表示到将来某一时间某一动作将会完成,常用的时间状语为:“by+将来某个时间”。I

expect

you

will

have

changed

your

mind

by

tomorrow.我预计明天你就会改变主意了。考点四

现在完成进行时(has/have

been

doing)规则1

表示某一动作或状态从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到现在或者仍然要继续下去,常译为“一直……”。He

has

been

waiting

for

his

friend

for

an

hour

but

he

still

hasn't

turned

up.他已经等了他的朋友一个小时了,可他还没来。规则2

表示到目前为止,多次重复发生的动作或状态。I

have

been

telephoning

him

several

times

this

morning.今天早上我给他打过好几次电话。［温馨提示］

现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别:现在完成时和现在完成进行时均可表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”的动作,但现在完成时表示动作已完成,着重于结果;现在完成进行时表示的动作可能已完成也可能未完成,更强调动作的持续进行。比较:I

have

been

writing

letters

for

an

hour.整整一个小时我一直在写信。(已经结束或仍将继续写下去)I

have

written

letters

for

an

hour.我已经写了一个小时的信了。(已经结束)【技法训练二】1.[2024·天津3月考改编]

The

Smiths

__________________________________

(miss)

the

online

shopping

experience

in

China

since

they

moved

back

to

New

Zealand

two

years

ago.

have

missed/have

been

missing[解析]

考查动词时态和主谓一致。由since引导的时间状语从句可知，主句应该用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。the

Smiths指的是史密斯一家人，为复数，因此助动词用have。句意：自从两年前搬回新西兰以来，史密斯一家(一直)很怀念在中国的网购体验。2.[2022·全国甲卷]

In

the

last

five

years,

Cao

____________

(walk)

through

34

countries

in

six

continents…has

walked[解析]

考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in

the

last

five

years可知,此处应用现在完成时,且主语为单数形式,故填has

walked。3.I

____________________(dream)

of

studying

in

Beijing

Foreign

Studies

University

since

childhood,

which

is

the

best

university

to

learn

foreign

languages

in

China.have

been

dreaming[解析]

考查动词时态。根据since

childhood可知dream这一动作从过去到现在一直在持续中,故用现在完成进行时。故填have

been

dreaming。4.I

____________(hope)

to

send

Peter

a

gift

to

congratulate

him

on

his

marriage,

but

I

couldn't

manage

it.had

hoped[解析]

考查动词时态。过去完成时可用来表示过去本打算做某事但实际上未做。根据“…but

I

couldn't

manage

it.”可知是过去希望做，但是实际上未做，因此此处用过去完成时，故填had

hoped。5.I

am

sorry

that

I

cannot

meet

you

at

the

airport.

I

_____________(leave)

Tianjin

by

the

time

you

come

back

from

abroad.will

have

left[解析]

考查动词时态。根据by

the

time

you

come

back

from

abroad可知,主句应使用将来完成时,其基本构成形式是:will

have

done。故填will

have

left。进行体考点一

现在进行时(is/am/are+现在分词)规则1表示说话时正在发生着的动作或近期一直在做的事情,暗含动作的“未完成性”和“暂时性”。I

know

Mr

Wang

is

writing

a

new

novel

but

I

am

not

sure

whether

he

has

finished

it.我知道王先生正在写一本新的小说,但不确定他是否已经完成。I

don't

really

work

here;

I

am

just

helping

out

until

the

new

secretary

arrives.我不是真的在这里工作,只是在新秘书来之前帮帮忙。规则2

表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作。She

is

leaving

for

Beijing

tomorrow.她明天将动身去北京。规则3

与always,

often,

forever,

constantly,

continually等连用时,表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩,而非强调动作正在进行。He

is

always

helping

others.他总是帮助其他人。［温馨提示］

与现在进行时相对应的时间状语有:now,

right

now,

at

present,

at

this

moment,

these

days等。考点二

过去进行时(was/were+现在分词)规则1

表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间需用时间状语表示),暗含动作的“未完成性”和“暂时性”。He

was

preparing

his

lecture

all

day

yesterday.昨天一整天他都在准备他的讲座。规则2

表示一个过去的动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行,或者是以一个长动作作为背景,发生了一个短动作,长动作常用过去进行时,常用于be

doing…when…。They

were

still

working

when

I

left.我离开时他们还在工作。He

fell

down

and

got

his

ankle

injured

when

he

was

playing

football.他踢足球的时候摔倒了,脚踝受了伤。规则3

用来描绘故事发生时的背景。The

wind

was

blowing

and

it

was

raining

hard.风在吹,雨下得很大。#3.1.1考点三

将来进行时(shall/will

be+现在分词)规则1表示在将来某个具体时间点正在进行的动作。I

shall

be

writing

an

essay

at

8

o'clock

tomorrow.

Don't

come

then.明天8点那会儿我正在写论文呢!别那时候来。规则2

表示将来的日程安排。The

train

will

be

leaving

at

8

o'clock

tomorrow

morning.

So

don't

be

late!火车将于明早8点离站。不要迟到了!【技法训练三】1.[2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]

Henry

___________(fix)

his

car

when

he

heard

the

screams.was

fixing[解析]

考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处是句子的谓语。根据空后的“…when

he

heard

the

screams.”可知,设空处表示当时正在发生的动作,故使用过去进行时。故填was

fixing。2.The

Sami

that

live

mainly

in

the

northern

areas

___________(face)

an

existential

crisis

now,

whose

lives

and

culture

are

closely

linked

to

the

ancient

forests

and

the

reindeer

there.are

facing[解析]

考查时态和主谓一致。表示目前正在进行的动作,应用现在进行时,主语为the

Sami,谓语用复数。故填are

facing。3.Jane

can't

attend

the

meeting

at

3

o'clock

tomorrow

afternoon

because

she

________________(teach)

a

class

at

that

time.will

be

teaching[解析]

考查动词的时态。句中的tomorrow

afternoon表示将来的时间，再根据句中的at

that

time可知强调的是将来的某一时间点正在进行的事情，故应该用将来进行时。故填will

be

teaching。将来体考点一

一般将来时(will/shall+动词原形)规则1表示将来的动作或状态常用“will/shall+动词原形”。What

time

shall

we

meet?我们要什么时候见面呢?I

believe

I

will

make

new

friends

here.我相信我会在这里交到新朋友。规则2

be

to

do和be

going

to

do表示计划或打算做某事,此外,be

going

to

do还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。be

about

to

do表示眼前的将来,即马上要发生的事。Look

at

the

clouds.

It

is

going

to

rain.看那些云,要下雨了。［温馨提示］

与一般将来时相对应的时间状语有:tomorrow,

next

week/month…,

in

an

hour,

in

the

coming/following

weeks等。考点二

过去将来时(would+动词原形)规则表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作、存在的状态或过去的意图、打算(主要用于宾语从句中)。She

was

sure

she

would

succeed.她确信她会成功。【技法训练四】1.As

you

go

through

this

book,

you

_________

(find)

that

each

of

the

millions

of

people

who

lived

through

World

War

Ⅱ

had

a

different

experience.will

find[解析]

考查动词时态。根据语境判断,主句的时态为一般将来时,故填will

find。2.I

thought

I

___________

(tell)

the

farmer

about

it

the

next

day.would

tell[解析]

考查动词时态。此处用过去将来时,表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或过去的意图、打算。故填would

tell。被动语态的构成(以do为例)

动词的被动语态的构成方式:be+过去分词,口语中也用“get/become+过去分词”表示。被动语态的基本用法:不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态;强调或突出动作的承受者时常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。#1现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般式am/is/are

donewas/were

donewill/shall

be

donewould/shouldbe

done进行式am/is/are

being

donewas/werebeing

done——完成式has/havebeen

donehad

beendonewill/shall

have

beendonewould/should

have

been

doneNowadays,

there

is

a

sharp

increase

in

children's

creativity,

for

they

are

greatly

encouraged

to

develop

their

talents.如今,孩子们在创造力上有极大的提高,因为他们被大力鼓励去发展自己的才能。The

plan

should

be

carried

out

as

soon

as

possible.这项计划应该尽快被执行。#1.1.2.1不能用被动结构的情况规则1

所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。规则2

表示状态的谓语动词,如:last,

hold,

contain,

fit,

cost等。规则3

表示归属的动词或动词词组,如:have,own,

belong

to等。规则4

表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词,如:wish,

want,

hope,

like,

love,

hate等。规则5

宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。#5规则6

宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等,谓语动词不用被动语态。［温馨提示］

主动形式表被动含义:(1)当feel,

look,

smell,

taste,

sound等后面接形容词时;当cut,

read,

sell,

wear,

write,

wash等作为不及物动词,表示主语(通常为物)内在“品质”或“性能”时;当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意思时。(2)want,

require,

need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。(3)be

worth

doing用主动形式表示被动含义。(4)在“be+形容词+to

do”中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动形式表示被动含义。#7.4【技法训练五】1.[2025·北京卷]

Usually,

better

outcomes_____________(achieve)

through

a

thorough

understanding

of

strategies

like

risk

tolerance.are

achieved[解析]

考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据usually可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better

outcomes和动词achieve

“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better

outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。故填are

achieved。2.[2024·天津3月考改编]

This

online

course

__________________(update),

but

you

can

still

access

and

use

the

original

version.has

been

updated[解析]

考查动词的时态和语态。根据“…you

can

still

access

and

use

the

original

version.”可知，此处暗示课程已经更新，但仍可使用原版本。主语this

online

course与谓语update为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态。3.[2023·天津6月考改编]

The

wooden

tower

that

_______________________

(restore)

will

be

open

to

tourists

soon,

and

the

work

is

almost

finished.

is

being

restored[解析]

考查动词的时态和语态。此句the

wooden

tower是先行词，that作定语从句的主语，空处是定语从句的谓语，restore与that是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。根据后文“…the

work

is

almost

finished.”可知，修复工作几乎快要结束，说明还没结束，修复工作正在进行。所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is

being

restored。4.[2022·全国乙卷]

Since

April

drinks

companies

______________________

(force)

to

pay

between

18p

and

24p

for

every

litre

of

sugary

drink

they

produce

or

import,

depending

on

the

sugar

content.

have

been

forced[解析]

考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据since

April

可知主句用现在完成时,drinks

companies

与force之间为被动关系,且主语为复数,故填have

been

forced。5.[2022·天津6月考改编]

Food

and

medical

supplies_______________________

(distribute)

to

all

the

residents

after

the

hurricane

last

Sunday.

were

distributed[解析]

考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，food

and

medical

supplies作主语，为复数，与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be

distributed，be用复数；根据后文last

Sunday

“上周日”可知，句子需要用一般过去时，故be动词要用were。故填were

distributed。Ⅰ

单句填空1.Despite

the

previous

rounds

of

talks,

no

agreement

__________________(reach)

so

far

by

the

two

sides.has

been

reached[解析]

考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语so

far可知，谓语动词应该用现在完成时；又因为reach与agreement是被动的关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has

been

reached。2.I

____________(drive)

down

to

London

when

I

suddenly

found

that

I

was

on

the

wrong

road.was

driving[解析]

考查动词时态。be

doing…when…是固定句式，表示“正在做……这时突然……”。句意：我正开车去伦敦，这时我突然发现自己走错路了。故用过去进行时。故填was

driving。3.My

washing

machine

_________________(repair)this

week,

so

I

have

to

wash

my

clothes

by

hand.is

being

repaired[解析]

考查动词的时态和语态。my

washing

machine与repair之间是被动关系,需用被动语态。后面的“我用手洗衣服”说明洗衣机正在被修,需用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is

being

repaired。4.It

was

the

first

time

that

he

___________

(visit)

Xinjiang

and

he

was

amazed

by

the

breathtaking

scenery.had

visited[解析]

考查动词时态。此处为句型“It

was

the

first

time+that从句.”,表示“第一次……”,从句要用过去完成时。故填had

visited。5.At

the

Husta

archaeological

site

in

Wenquan

County,

archaeologists

_____

(dig)

a

tin-bronze

alloy

knife

days

ago

that

is

considered

one

of

the

oldest

bronze

items

found

in

China.dug[解析]

考查动词时态。空处作谓语，结合时间状语days

ago可知，应用一般过去时。故填dug。6.They

made

up

their

minds

that

they

___________(buy)

a

new

house

once

Larry

changed

jobs.would

buy[解析]

考查动词的时态。主句用的是一般过去时，再由语境判断从句用过去将来时。故填would

buy。7.The

Xi'an

City

Wall

__________

(build)

originally

to

protect

the

city

in

the

Tang

Dynasty

and

has

now

been

completely

restored.was

built[解析]

考查动词时态和语态。根据句中时间状语

in

the

Tang

Dynasty可知,用一般过去时。主语the

Xi'an

City

Wall与build之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was

built。8.Evidence

of

a

powerful

volcano,

which

erupted

under

the

ice

sheet

of

West

Antarctica

around

325

BC

and

might

still

be

active

now,

____________________(confirm)

so

far

by

British

scientists.has

been

confirmed[解析]

考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。so

far一般用于现在完成时,主语evidence和confirm之间是被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态,且主语为单数。故填has

been

confirmed。9.Don't

worry.

The

hard

work

that

you

do

now

______________

(repay)

later

in

life.will

be

repaid[解析]

考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语later

in

life可知,应用一般将来时,主语the

hard

work与repay为被动关系,故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will

be

repaid。10.A

rescue

worker

risked

his

life

to

save

two

tourists

who__________________(trap)

in

the

mountains

for

two

days.had

been

trapped[解析]

考查动词的时态和语态。游客被困应该发生在救援人员救他们(过去时)之前,故用过去完成时;又因为trap和其逻辑主语two

tourists

之间是被动的关系，

因此用被动语态，

故应该填had

been

trapped。Ⅱ

语法填空

[2025·山东济宁高三一模]

The

Taklimakan

Desert,

known

as

the

“Sea

of

Death”,

has

now

been

fully

encircled

by

the

longest

sand-blocking

green

ecological

barrier,

1._______

length

reaches

an

impressive

3,046

kilometres,

2._________

(mark)

the

completion

of

over

40

years

of

efforts

to

contain

the

desert

expansion

within

a

safety

zone.

Covering

337,600

square

kilometres,

the

Taklimakan

is

China's

largest

drifting

desert,

which

poses

an

3.____________

whosemarkingincreasingly(increasing)

alarming

threat

to

surrounding

oases

(绿洲)

and

serves

as

a

significant

source

of

dust

storms

and

an

upwind

area

for

the

country.

In

an

effort

to

battle

desertification

and

relieve

the

unfavourable

effects

of

shifting

sands

and

dust

storms

4._________

nearby

residents,

the

“Green

Great

Wall”

has

gradually

emerged.

So

far,

alongside

the

green

belt,

efforts

5._________________

(make)

to

promote

the

development

of

sand-related

industries,

such

as

ceramics

and

pottery.

The

green

belt

not

only

acts

as

6.____

ecological

barrier

but

also

stabilizes

on/uponhave

been

madeanagriculture,

boosts

Xinjiang's

economic

development,

and

highlights

China's

technological

and

organizational

strength

in

ecological

governance.

It

is

a

shining

example

of

7.______

can

be

achieved

through

technological

innovation

and

organizational

capabilities.

With

a

target

8.___________

(restore)

2.34

million

hectares

of

degraded

land

by

2030,

this

ongoing

initiative

will

safeguard

the

environment

and

promote

9._________

(region)

sustainable

development.

With

the

successful

completion

of

the

green

barrier,

this

region,

once

troubled

by

serious

sandstorms,

is

set

to

see

renewed

10._______

(vital)

and

dynamic

ecosystems.#1.3whatto

restoreregionalvitality【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述历经40余年，中国在塔克拉玛干沙漠建成最长防沙屏障，它遏制沙漠扩张，推动产业发展，助力生态恢复。1._______whose[解析]

考查定语从句。这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为the

longest

sand-blocking

green

ecological

barrier，空处在从句中作定语，所以应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。2._________marking[解析]

考查非谓语动词。mark的逻辑主语是前面整句话，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填marking。3.____________increasingly[解析]

考查副词。alarming是形容词，修饰形容词应用副词作状语。故填increasingly。4._________on/upon[解析]

考查介词。relieve

the

effects

on/upon…是固定搭配，表示“减轻对……的影响”，所以此处应用介词on或者upon。故填on/upon。5._________________have

been

made[解析]

考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。这里考查谓语动词，efforts与make之间是被动关系，再根据so

far可知，句子应用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为“have/has

been

+

过去分词”，主语efforts是复数，助动词用have。故填have

been

made。6.____an[解析]

考查冠词。ecological

barrier是可数名词单数，此处泛指