2026届新高考英语考前冲刺最后一课 基于语篇分析的七选五解题指导

Howtocompleteagap-fillingtaskbasedondiscourseanalysis2026届新高考英语考前冲刺最后一课基于语篇分析的七选五解题指导

1.Tounderstandbasicfeaturesofgapfilling.3.Todesignagap-fillingbyapplyingthestrategies.2.Tosummarizethestrategiesofgap-filling.Learningobjectiveslearnmasterapply年份卷别体裁主题小标题题目类型主题语境题材段首段中段尾2025新高考1说明文人与社会大学生咖啡员工为学生竭诚服务无041新高考Ⅱ人与社会家庭志愿服务的好处有2212024全国新课标Ⅰ卷说明文人与社会使用英语词典的经验无140全国新课标Ⅱ卷说明文人与社会过度旅游及应对建议有131全国甲卷说明文人与自我过度饮食及实践建议无1312023全国新课标Ⅰ卷说明文人与自我自我原谅的方式无041全国新课标Ⅱ卷说明文人与社会初学者如何开始绘画有131全国乙卷说明文人与自然室内种植的好处和选择无032全国甲卷说明文人与自我如何培养耐心有131说明文主题语境常以人与社会为主题，说明文为体裁，偶尔考议论文和记叙文。一段一题，语篇结构以总-分-总常见，设空常在段首、段中、段尾，词数在300词左右近三年高考七选五命题规律01考查目的：主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。考试说明：既要在整体上对语篇结构进行宏观把握，又要在词汇、语法、结构等衔接方式进行微观分析的能力。Discourse语篇structure

结构logic逻辑content内容考查重点gap-fillingrequirementsmicrolevel微观角度macrolevel宏观角度discoursecohesion语篇衔接lexicalcohesion词汇衔接grammaticalcohesion语法衔接logicalcohesion逻辑衔接discoursecoherence语篇连贯structure结构context上下文语境inference推理七选五语篇结构说明文语篇结构模式有以下两种一般——特殊模式(General—ParticularPattern)-非延续性文本概括陈述(general

statement)具体陈述/具体细节或举例(details/examples)问题——解决模式(Problem—SolutionPattern)-延续性文本情境-问题(situation-problem)反应/解决(response/solution)评价/结果(evaluation/result)语篇结构主要有以下四种类型立足语篇进行结构分析，将帮助我们理清结构，提炼主旨，快速答题,对于标题类和主题句类设空解答大有帮助。GeneralParticularPara.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Para.1

宏观语篇分析——结构

2020全国I卷AFewTipsforSelf-AcceptanceWeallwantit…toacceptandloveourselves.Butattimesitseemstoodifficultandtoofaroutofreach.__1__Here’sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection.●__2__Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot-good-enough.Whydoyoufollowthem?Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs?Knowthatyourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyyouinthisworld.●Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.Weareoftenashamedofourshortcomings,ourmistakesandourfailures.__3__Youwillmakemistakes,timeandtimeagain.Ratherthangettingcaughtupinhowyoucouldhavedonebetter,whynotofferyourselfacompassionate(有同情心)response?＂Thatdidn’tgoasplanned.But,Itriedmybest.＂●Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbraintolookatstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.__4__●Nowthatyou’velistedyourstrengths,listyourimperfections.Turnthepageinyourjournal.Putintowordswhyyoufeelunworthy,whyyoudon’tfeelgoodenough.Now,readthesewordsbacktoyourself.__5__Turntoapageinyourjournaltoyourlistofstrengthsandachievements.Seehowawesomeyouare?图1总——分一般——特殊模式

宏观语篇分析——结构

提出问题：解决办法：总结结果：

PersonalForgiveness2023全国I卷

Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯错)ishuman.____16____Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.

Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”____17____Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.

Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”Onthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.____18____

Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.____19____Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.

It’ssomethingofacliché(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.____20____We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.图3总——分——总问题——解决模式(2024新课标I卷)

Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it'svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿).____36____Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk:dictionaryandthesaurus(同义词词典).Idon'ttrustmylaptop'sspellchecker.____37____Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI'mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.IusetheConciseOxfordDictionaryandtheCollinsThesaurus.____38____Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.Inaddition,Ihaveanoldtwo-volumecopyoftheShorterOxfordDictionary,pickedupafewyearsagoinabookshopsaleforjust99pence.Ofcourse,withits2,672pages,it'snotexactlyshort.Itcontainsaround163,000words,pluswordcombinationsandidiomaticphrases.____39____However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there'snothingbetter.ForwelloverahundredyearsthemostinfluentialEnglishdictionarywasSamuelJohnson'sDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagepublishedin1755."Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,"wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof"dull".____40____Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.Findoutthetopicsentenceofeachparagraph.Strategy1

宏观语篇分析

立足语篇，结构清晰02(2024新课标I卷)

Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it'svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿).____36____Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk:dictionaryandthesaurus(同义词词典).Idon'ttrustmylaptop'sspellchecker.____37____Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI'mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.IusetheConciseOxfordDictionaryandtheCollinsThesaurus.____38____Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.Inaddition,Ihaveanoldtwo-volumecopyoftheShorterOxfordDictionary,pickedupafewyearsagoinabookshopsaleforjust99pence.Ofcourse,withits2,672pages,it'snotexactlyshort.Itcontainsaround163,000words,pluswordcombinationsandidiomaticphrases.____39____However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there'snothingbetter.ForwelloverahundredyearsthemostinfluentialEnglishdictionarywasSamuelJohnson'sDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagepublishedin1755."Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,"wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof"dull".____40____Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.Strategy1立足语篇，结构清晰1.What'sthestructureofthispassage?TheimportanceofspellingcorrectlyThreeusefuldictionariesThebenefitsofusingdictionaries2.Matchthemainideaofeachpart.Para.1Para.2-4Para.5Para.1:TheimportanceofspellingcorrectlyPara.2-4:ThreeusefuldictionariesPara.5:ThebenefitsofusingdictionariesDIctionaryisimportant.ABC(2024新课标I卷)

Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it'svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿).____36____Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk:dictionaryandthesaurus(同义词词典).Idon'ttrustmylaptop'sspellchecker.____37____Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI'mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.IusetheConciseOxfordDictionaryandtheCollinsThesaurus.____38____Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.Inaddition,Ihaveanoldtwo-volumecopyoftheShorterOxfordDictionary,pickedupafewyearsagoinabookshopsaleforjust99pence.Ofcourse,withits2,672pages,it'snotexactlyshort.Itcontainsaround163,000words,pluswordcombinationsandidiomaticphrases.____39____However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there'snothingbetter.ForwelloverahundredyearsthemostinfluentialEnglishdictionarywasSamuelJohnson'sDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagepublishedin1755."Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,"wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof"dull".____40____Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.Strategy2定位首尾，中段衔接

做出预选

段首段中段尾TopicsentencesSupportingsentencesConcludingsentences

要么是段落主题句，要么是段落过渡句，因此选项要有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是对本段内容的概括。主旨句

过渡句通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。主要以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充上文的具体事实、事例和说明。过渡句

解释句通常为结论性、概括性语句，若不是结论性、概括性语句，则考虑是过渡句，即通过空格把本段与下一段巧妙地衔接起来。优先做段首题和段尾题总结句过渡句Strategy3分析选项，做好标记(2024新课标I卷)A.Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C.ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.

标记:

词汇（代词，逻辑关系词，名词）和句式

（祈使句，疑问句）

Guesswhichsentencescanbetopicsentencesandsupportingsentences.

段首EG段中ABCDFE.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.G.Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.Strategy4分析备选，排除干扰

____38____Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.看位置-找线索-推逻辑-对选项位置：段首

功能：主题句，引出下文代词指代照应（单数）递进关系E从易到难设空在段首●Choosemindfully.Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayforareason:they'respecial.●Getcreative.Thebestwaytoeasepressureonover-touristeddestinationsistogosomewhereelse.●39Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.You'llcompetewithfewertourists,savemoney,experienceadifferentsideofapopularplace,andboosttheeconomywhentourismistraditionallyslower.A.Visitduringoff-peaktimes.B.So,shouldwestoptraveling?C.Travelforyouandnooneelse.D.Canovertourismbeavoidedthen?E.Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.F.You'llfindyourselfvirtuallyalone,orclosetoit.G.Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou'revisiting.设空在段首A【2024新高考II卷】小标题—短小精悍，高度概括Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.(38)Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy._Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.__39__OnourfirstmorninginParis,Iwentaroundthecornertothefoodmarkettopickupsomegroceries.Iboughtahandfulofperfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.nottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanE段首—过渡句：承上启下解释了法国人吃的少的原因（2021新高考Ⅰ）Strategy4分析备选，排除干扰

Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it'svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionally

presentedmanuscript(原稿).____36____Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.

takethetroubletodo:费劲做某事位置：段中句

功能：承上启下；过渡句承上启下F解释关系看位置-找线索-推逻辑-对选项A.Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.

(Thatmeans...对上文进行解释说明或下定义）词汇复现词汇衔接：词汇重述、同义转述语义衔接：解释说明设空在段中A.Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.Strategy4分析备选，排除干扰

Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk:dictionaryandthesaurus(同义词词典).Idon'ttrustmylaptop'sspellchecker.____37____Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI'mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.IusetheConciseOxfordDictionaryandtheCollinsThesaurus.

位置：段中句

功能：承上启下；过渡句看位置-找线索-推逻辑-对选项因果关系代词指代B设空在段中Strategy4分析备选，排除干扰

Inaddition,Ihaveanoldtwo-volumecopyoftheShorterOxfordDictionary,pickedupafewyearsagoinabookshopsaleforjust99pence.Ofcourse,withits2,672pages,it'snotexactlyshort.Itcontainsaround163,000words,pluswordcombinationsandidiomaticphrases.____39____However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there'snothingbetter.看位置-找线索-推逻辑-对选项A.Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.位置：段中句

功能：承上启下；过渡句消极积极积极转折关系照应（单数）人称一致A设空在段中Strategy4分析备选，排除干扰

ForwelloverahundredyearsthemostinfluentialEnglishdictionarywasSamuelJohnson'sDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagepublishedin1755."Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,"wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof"dull".____40____Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.看位置-找线索-推逻辑-对选项C.ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.G.Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.位置：段中句

功能：承上启下；过渡句转折关系积极句式结构一致D设空在段中设空在段尾（2023新课标Ⅱ）·Paintoftenandpaintfromlife.There’snobetterwaytoimprovethantoputinthosebrushmiles.Whetheryoupaintstilllifes,portraits,orlandscapes,paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.___37___

F.Evaluateyourperformanceand,ifneeded,redefineyourrole.G.You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.段尾—总结设空在段尾Herearesometipsonmakingwisedecisionstominimizepressureontheplaceswevisitandimproveourexperience.●Choosemindfully.Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayforareason:they’respecial.Withsomanyonlinepostsfeaturingthesameplaces,it’seasytofeellikeyou’remissingout.Gosomewhereonlywhenthelandscape,cultureorfooddeeplydrawsyou.___37___【2024新高考II卷】A.Visitduringoff-peaktimes.B.So,shouldwestoptraveling?C.Travelforyouandnooneelse.D.Canovertourismbeavoidedthen?E.Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.F.You'llfindyourselfvirtuallyalone,orclosetoit.G.Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou'revisiting.C承接上文Summary七选五解题技巧了解文章的语篇结构掌握语篇的衔接手段把握句际的逻辑关系重视语篇的明显标志语法衔接词汇衔接人称照应(it,them,she...)指示照应(this,that,those,these)原词复现、同/近义词、反义词复现和同源词复现并列/递进、转折、因果、解释行文标志标点符号有标识符号●，显然是个小标题同类标题句式结构相同03Summary七选五句际逻辑关系Cohesivewords衔接词

并列/递进转折因果解释and,also,besides,similarly,furthermore,moreover,inaddition,then,first,second…but,however,yet,onthecontrary,otherwise,ontheotherhand,bycontrast,ratherthan,…because,for,since,thus,so,dueto,asaresult,as,consequently,therefore,thanksto,…inotherwords,thatistosay，infact，actually,forexample…Summary七选五解题策略1.看2.分析3.找4.推5.对(段首、段中、段尾)(代词，名词，逻辑关系词等)先易后难

设空位置7个选项、做好标记线索:逻辑:选项:注意:1.要及时调整答案，避免连环错。

2.认真区分干扰项，避免二选一错误。寻找题目前后在词汇、意义上的联系瞻前顾后，思考题目前后在行文上的逻辑关系核对选项的细节，带入文章。Groupwork-——IfIweretheexaminerSupposingyouaretheexaminer,whichsentencewillyouchooseforpossiblegap-filling?Tipsforyou:设空位置数量技巧段首1段中3段尾1

小组活动“假如我是命题老师”命题文本PersonalForgivenessTakingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon'tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯错)ishuman.It'sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon'thavetobeworld­changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou'reproudof.Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”Onthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou'vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhada

tiringday.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don'twaituntilyou'vemadeamistaketotrythis—it'sagreatwaytoboostself­confidenceatanytime.It'ssomethingofacliché(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbutfromtheirmistakes.Thethingis,it'strue.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn'ta

fixedaspectofyourpersonality.We'reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.Requirements1.Onegroupissupposedtodesignatleast2blanks.2.Haveadiscussion,presentyouranswersandgiveyourreasonsonthestage.“假如我是命题人”以2024新课标I卷七选五为例，如果你是命题老师，你会在哪些地方设空呢？以小组为单位，畅所欲言。Groupwork选取设空句子原因干扰项设计（选做）组员1--小标题

组员2--段首或段中

组员3--段中

组员4--段尾

提示：注意以下两个方面思考：1.语篇衔接：词法（同义词/近义词、反义词复现；同源词复现；同一语境范畴词汇复现；原词复现）语法（前后照应；句式衔接）逻辑性（转折对比关系；例证解释关系；并列递进关系；因果关系）2.语篇连贯：设空在句中位置（标题、段首、段中、段尾）Grouppresentationevaluationform小组展示评价表AttributeQuestionScores（1-5points)ContentDotheydesignatleast2blanks?StrategyDotheyuseasmanystrategiesaspossible?PresentationDotheyexpresstheirideasclearly?MarkingDotheymarkneatlyandcorrectly?BonuspointsTotalscores:AssessmentPersonalForgivenessTakingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon'tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯错)ishuman.It'sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon'thavetobeworld­changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou'reproudof.Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”Onthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou'vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhada

tiringday.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don'twaituntilyou'vemadeamistaketotrythis—it'sagreatwaytoboostself­confidenceatanytime.It'ssomethingofacliché(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbutfromtheirmistakes.Thethingis,it'strue.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn'ta

fixedaspectofyourpersonality.We'reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareaposit