2026年高考临考冲刺卷-英语（全国一卷02）（解析版）

1/62026年高考临考冲刺卷（全国一卷）高三英语·全解全析（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。1．Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A．Celebrateananniversary. B．Haveapicnicinapark. C．Rideabike.【答案】A【原文】W:Ourweddinganniversaryisdrawingnear.Anyideas?M:Let’shaveapicnicbyalakeandthenhaveaprivateboatride.Wecanalsoreleasefloatinglanternstomakewishes.W:Soundsperfect.2．Whatdothespeakerswanttodo?A．Raisemoneyforpoorkids.B．Buildhomesforthehomeless.C．Donatesuppliestotheearthquakezone.【答案】C【原文】M:Didyouknowthatearthquakeinthesouth?Manypeoplelosttheirhomes.W:Yes,andIsawkidscryingonTV.Maybewecouldmakeadonation.M:Iagree.Let’slookintowhatitemsaremostneededrightnow.3．Howwillthewomangotothepark?A．Bybus. B．Onfoot. C．Bybike.【答案】C【原文】W:Jason,I’dliketotakeaturnaroundthenationalparkatsixo’clock.Couldyoutellmethetimeittakestogettotheparkfromourapartment?M:Roughly40minutesonfootor15minutesbybike.Choosingthebuswouldtake25minutesbecausethere’salwaysalotoftrafficatthistimeofday.W:Iwillchoosethewaythatsavesthemosttime.4．Whatkindofjacketdoesthemanconsiderbuying?A．Ablueone. B．Agreyone. C．Aredone.【答案】B【原文】M:Hey,thisjacketisnice.Anddon’tyouthinkthecolorwouldbeperfectwithmynewblueshirt?W:Definitely.Grayandbluealwayslookgreattogether.AndIreallylikethedarkredlining.Itstopsthejacketbeingboring,youknow.M:Yeah,you’reright.5．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Fixingthedrawer.B．Preparingthedinner.C．Organizingthekitchen.【答案】C【原文】W:Thisdrawerisoverflowingagain!Ican’tevencloseit.M:Wereallyshouldputthingswheretheybelongaftercooking.W:Maybewecansortoutthebottlesandplates.M:Sure.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6．Whatdoweknowabouttheorganization?A．ItisstartedbyChloe’sschool.B．Itismainlytargetedatelderlypeople.C．Itoffersaspaceforkidswithspecialneeds.7．HowdoesJackfeelaboutthetwostudents?A．He’sproud. B．He’sconcerned. C．He’ssympathetic.【答案】6．C7．A【原文】W:Jack,I’dliketoshareaspecialnon-profitorganizationwithyou.It’sExceptionalDayofPlay.M:You’vearousedmycuriosity.Tellmemore.W:Theorganizationwasco-foundedbyhighschoolseniorsPeytonBeeliandAlexaKing.M:Amazing.Whydotheyhavesuchanidea?W:Alexa’slittlesister,Chloe,hasacomplexgeneticdisorderthatprimarilyaffectsthenervoussystem,causingdelayeddevelopmentandotherissues.AlexaandPeytonstruggledtofindplaceswhereChloecouldinteractwithothersinacomfortableandsafeenvironment.Theysawaneedinthecommunity,notjustforChloebutforallkidswithdiverseneeds.M:Imustsayteensaremakingadifference.听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。8．WhydoesAmeliafeeltired?A．Sheisbadlyill.B．Shehastraveledalotforthefilm.C．Sheisbusywithinterviews.9．WhathappenedtoJohn?A．HearrivedinGreecelaterthanothers.B．Heforgottobringmedicine.C．Hedidn’tseethedoctorintime.10．WhatcanwesayaboutJohn?A．He’sconsiderate. B．He’sirresponsible. C．He’scareless.【答案】8．B9．C10．A【原文】M:Amelia,youjustfinishedshootingyourlatestfilm.Andyouvisitedfourdifferentcountriesforit.Howareyoufeelingnow?W:Firstofall,I’mfeelingreallytired.Ididalotoftravelingaroundtheworldforthisfilm.InPoland,weexperiencedreallyawfulweather,andinBrazilwehadaverybusyschedule.M:Well,we’regladthatthefilmhasgotpositivefeedback.WouldyoumindtellinguswhathappenedinGreece?WhydidJohndecidetopulloutofthefilm?W:Hmm...Johngotsicksoonafterwearrivedthere.Hetooksomepillsthathehadbroughtwithhim.Buttheydidn’tseemtohelpbecausehecontinuedtolookreallybadandtired.Whenhefinallywenttothehospital,itturnedoutthathewouldneedacoupleofweekstorecover.Johndidn’twanttoinfectuswiththeflu.Andthenhewentbackhome.M:He’salwaysthinkingaboutothers.听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。11．Whatisthenewrealityshowmainlyabout?A．Learningfarmingskills. B．Showingpersonaltalents. C．Doingcompetitivegames.12．Howdoesthewomanlikethenewrealityshow?A．Boring. B．Popular. C．Real.13．WhatwillLilydotonight?A．Gotothegym. B．Watchtheshow. C．Replytoatext.【答案】11．A12．C13．B【原文】W:Haveyouwatchedthenewrealityshow?It’saboutyoungpeoplefromthecitylearningtoplantcropsinthecountryside.M:Yeah!Somepeoplefinditboringandpreferstagedtalentorgameshows,butIthinkit’sgreat.W:Itotallyagree.It’ssonatural,withnofakestorylines—sooriginalcomparedtothosepolishedTVprograms.Itreallyshowsthebeautyofrurallifeandhardwork.M:Exactly!Willyouwatchthenewepisodetonight?W:Sure!Let’scallLilytojoinus.M:Wait,isshefree?Iheardsheplannedtogotothegymtonight.W:Itextedherjustnow—shedecidedtoexerciselater.She’salsointerestedinthisshow!M:Perfect!Let’smeetatmyplaceat7then.听下面一段对话，回答第14至第17四个小题。14．WhatcausedLiamtofailhisdrivingtest?A．Lackofsufficientpractice.B．Presenceofanunfamiliarexaminer.C．Frequentabsencefromdrivingsessions.15．Whodoesthemanneedtoconsultwith?A．Hiscousin. B．Hisinstructor. C．Hisboss.16．Whatcanbeinferredfromwhatthemansays?A．He’sdecidedtoquithisdrivingtest.B．He’snolongeremployedatMcDonald’s.C．Repeateddrivingtestscosthimmuchmoney.17．Whatisthewoman’spurposeofmentioningapplyingforjobs?A．Tomakecomparisons. B．Toboostmotivation. C．Torecommendaposition.【答案】14．B15．B16．C17．B【原文】W:HeyLiam.Whydoyoulooksodown?Whathappened?M:Itwasmydrivingtesttoday.Didyouforget?W:Ohno.Youfailed?M:Yep,Ifailed.Thatismyfourthfailnow.W:Whatwentwrong?M:Ithinkit’sbecauseIwasnervous.Ipassedallmypracticeexamswithmyinstructorwithhighscores.Butthenwithastranger,Ifailed.W:Ihaveanidea.M:Whatisit?W:Askyourinstructortogowithyoutotheexam.Youareallowedtohavetheminthebackofthecar.M:Really?W:Yes.Mycousindidthattohelpherpass.Ittookherseventimes!M:Ishalltalktomyinstructoraboutit.W:Howmanylessonshaveyouhad?M:Feelslikeamillion.Butprobablyaround50.AllmysalaryfromworkingatMcDonald’sdisappearsbecauseofdrivingtests.W:Itwillbeworthitintheend.IttookmeforevertopassmyEnglishandmathexams.Youmustkeepgoing.It’sthesamewhenyouareapplyingforjobs.Youmightbeturneddown10times,butonthe11thtry,thejobisyours.M:Isupposeso.听下面一段独白，回答第18至第20三个小题。18．Whatisthespeechabout?A．Howtobuyfreshfruits. B．Howtomakefruitsalad. C．Howtoattendclasscarefully.19．Whatisthesecondstepmentionedinthespeech?A．Towashthefruits. B．Totaketheseedsout. C．Tocutthefruitsintopieces.20．Whoisthespeakertalkingto?A．Somepatients. B．Someparents. C．Somechildren.【答案】18．B19．B20．C【原文】W:Allright,let’sstarttoday’slesson.Wearegoingtomakefruitsaladtoday.HereIhavegotsomeapples,pearsandbananas.Youmayusegrapesorstrawberrieswhenyoumakeitathome.NowI’lltellyouhowtodoit.Pleaselistentomecarefully.First,youhavetowashthefruitsandpeeltheskins.Next,takeouttheseedsfromtheapplesandpears.Then,youcantakeaknifeandcutthefruitsintosmallpieces.Rememberthatyoushouldbeverycarefulanditisquitedangeroustoplaywithknives.Afterthat,putthefruitsintoabigbowlandputsomesaladdressingonit.Useaspoontomixthefruitsandsaladdressingtogether.Last,putthesaladintothefridgeandwaitforsometime.Soon,itwillbereadytoserve.OK.Let’sbegintomakethesalad.Wehaveonehourandfifteenminutes.Whenyoufinishdoingit,pleasedon’tstayinthekitchen.YouhavetowaitintheTVroomuntilyourparentsarrivetopickyouup.第二部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（创新题）Parcellockers,alsocalledsmartlockersorpackagelockers,aresecure,automatedstorageunitsincentralizedlocations.Theyarerevolutionizinghowgoodscanbedeliveredandreceived.Peoplecanpickupapackagefromalockeratatimethatsuitsthem,inaconvenientlocationneartheirresidenceorworkplace.Yetforalltheiradvantages,parcellockersarestillfarfrombeingwidelyadoptedbyonlineshoppers.Manyconsumersstillopttohavetheironlineshoppingparcelsdelivereddirectlytotheirhomesinsteadofusingparcellockers,simplybecausetheydon’tknowthisdeliveryoptionwhenplacingonlineordersandthushavenevertriedit.Eventhoughlockerusageisstilllow,companiesandgovernmentagencieshopemoreshopperswilltryitastheylearnaboutthebenefits.Usingparcellockerscanhelpreducetrafficfromdeliveryvehiclesandlowerourcarbonfootprint,whichisbetterfortheEarth.So,whynotgiveeasyLockeratry?21．Whatkeepssomeshoppersfromtryingaparcellocker?A．Inconvenientlocations. B．Environmentalconcerns.C．Inefficiencyofdelivery. D．Unawarenessofitspresence.22．WhatmustusersofeasyLockersdo?A．Collecttheirparcelswithin24hours. B．Keyinauniqueaccesscodetogetparcels.C．Leavethelockerdooropenforthenextuser. D．Informthedeliverymanoftheirhomeaddress.23．Whoarethetargetedreadersofthetext?A．Lockerproducers. B．Deliverypersonnel.C．Onlinepurchasers. D．Potentialinvestors【答案】21．D22．B23．C【解析】这是一篇应用文。这篇文章介绍了包裹柜(如easyLocker)的便捷、环保等优势，指出部分网购者因不了解该选项而未尝试，并说明其使用步骤，呼吁网购者选用以降低碳足迹。21．细节理解题。根据第一段“Manyconsumersstillopttohavetheironlineshoppingparcelsdelivereddirectlytotheirhomesinsteadofusingparcellockers,simplybecausetheydon’tknowthisdeliveryoptionwhenplacingonlineordersandthushavenevertriedit.(许多消费者仍然倾向于将网购包裹直接送到自家门口，而非使用快递柜，原因在于他们在下单时并不知道有这种送货方式可选，所以也从未尝试过)”可知，一些购物者不愿使用包裹寄存柜是因为他们没有意识到它的存在。故选D。22．细节理解题。根据HowtouseeasyLocker?部分“Enteryouruniqueaccesscodesenttoyou.(请输入你收到的专属访问代码)”可知，easyLockers的用户需要输入一个唯一的取件密码来领取包裹。故选B。23．推理判断题。根据第一段“Yetforalltheiradvantages,parcellockersarestillfarfrombeingwidelyadoptedbyonlineshoppers.(然而，尽管这些包裹寄存柜有诸多优点，但它们仍未得到线上购物者的广泛采用)”以及文章围绕网购包裹配送方式展开，介绍包裹柜的优势、使用方法，并呼吁“whynotgiveeasyLockeratry?(为什么不试试easyLocker呢？)”，可知，文章针对的是网上购物者。故选C。BDoIthinktheskyisfalling?Sortof.MyhusbandandIwererecentlyinEgypt,wherethetemperaturereached113degrees,abitwarmformytinyprincessself.Medic,medic!So,weleftEgypt.Backhome,mydearestfriendsstruggledwithhealthstuff,withfamilycraziness,withdamagedchildrenbothyoungandgrown.Thegameoflifeishard,andalotofusareplayinghurt.IachefortheworldbutnaturallyI’mmostlywatchingtheMeMovie,wherebalanceandstrengtharebeginningtofail.Whatcanwedoasthecreaking(嘎吱响的)elevatorsofageslowlydescend?Themainsolutionistogetoutsideeveryday,ideallywithfriends.Oldfriends-eventhoughtsofthem-aremycomfort.RecentlyIwaswalkingalongabeachwithNeshama.Wegoback50years.Sheis84,shortandstrong.Everysooften,shebentdownsomewhattentativelyandpickedupsmallitemsintoasmallclothbag.“Whatareyoudoing?”“I’mpickingupmicrolitter.ItrytohelpwhereIcan.”Iremindedherofanoldstory.Agreatwarhorsecomesuponatinysparrowlyingonitsbackwithitsfeetintheair,eyestightlyshutwitheffort.Thehorseasksitwhatit’sdoing.“I’mtryingtohelpholdbackthedarkness.”Thehorseroarswithlaughter.“Thatissofunny.Whatdoyouweigh?”Andthesparrowreplies,“Onedoeswhatonecan.”Thisiswhatolderagemeans;wedowhatwecan.Wecontinuedourwalk.Neshamabenttopickupbitsoflitterandstartedtoslip,butIcaughtherandwelaughed.Wearesophysicallyvulnerableinolderage.Wehavecaughteachotheralotandhavecomethroughsomeperiodsofdarknessandoverwhelminglosses,butfriendshipmakesitallarowingmachineforthesoul.Wecantakeitaslongaswefeelandgivelove,andlaughgentlyatourselvesaswefallapart.Weknowbyacertainagethegreatliesinourlife-ifyoudoorachievethisorthat,youwillbehappyandrich.No.Loveandservicemakeusrich.24．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofherpresentlife?A．Sheenjoysmakingnewfriends.B．Shefeelsmorestrugglesoveragingprocess.C．Shefindsitchallengingtohandlefamilycrises.D．Shewantsotherstolearnfromherlifeexperiences.25．Whatmessagedoesthestoryofthesparrowconvey?A．Agemakessmalleffortslessmeaningfulovertime.B．Strengthinnumbersisnecessarytochangetheworld.C．Eventhesmallestactionwillcontributetoabiggerresult.D．Everysmallactioncounts,nomatterhowinsignificantitseems.26．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeNeshama?A．Healthyandcautious.B．Caringandresponsible.C．Cooperativeandmodest.D．Educatedandcommitted.27．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestaboutthemeaningoflifeinolderage?A．Loveandactsofservicebringtruerichnessinlife.B．Happinessisachievedthroughlove,ratherthanwealth.C．Healthand.independencearedefinitelytheultimategoals.D．Truerichnesscomesfromlove,service,andachievements.【答案】24．B25．D26．B27．A【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了作者和丈夫在埃及的经历、与老朋友在海滩上散步的情景，以及通过讲述马和麻雀的故事来表达自己对生活、友情、年龄和努力的看法，强调友情、爱和服务的力量超越物质追求。24．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Thegameoflifeishard,andalotofusareplayinghurt.IachefortheworldbutnaturallyI’mmostlywatchingtheMeMovie,wherebalanceandstrengtharebeginningtofail.Whatcanwedoasthecreaking(嘎吱响的)elevatorsofageslowlydescend?(人生的游戏很艰难，我们很多人都在带着伤痛前行。我为这个世界感到心痛，但自然而然地，我更多的是在关注自己的内心世界，在那里，平衡与力量正开始消逝。当我们步入老年，就像老旧的电梯缓缓下降，我们能做些什么呢？)”可知，作者觉得生活艰难，随着年龄增长面临诸多困扰，也就是在衰老过程中有更多挣扎。所以她觉得自己当下的生活是她感觉在衰老过程中有更多挣扎。故选B项。25．推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“Thehorseroarswithlaughter.“Thatissofunny.Whatdoyouweigh?”Andthesparrowreplies,“Onedoeswhatonecan.”Thisiswhatolderagemeans;wedowhatwecan.(马大笑起来，“这太有趣了。你有多重呢？”麻雀回答说：“一个人能做什么就做什么。”这就是衰老的意义；我们做自己力所能及的事。)”可知，文中提到麻雀的故事，麻雀虽小却努力想要阻挡黑暗，回应马的质疑时所说的话，意在传达不管行动看起来多么微不足道，每一个小行动都是有意义、有价值的，都很重要。故选D项。26．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Sheis84,shortandstrong.Everysooften,shebentdownsomewhattentativelyandpickedupsmallitemsintoasmallclothbag.“Whatareyoudoing?”“I’mpickingupmicrolitter.ItrytohelpwhereIcan.”(她今年84岁，个子不高但很结实。每隔一会儿，她就会有些犹豫地弯下腰，把小东西捡起放进一个小布袋里。“你在做什么？”“我在捡拾微小垃圾。我尽量在力所能及的地方帮忙。”)”可知，84岁的Neshama会去捡微小的垃圾，尽力在自己能做到的地方提供帮助，这体现了她关心环境、有责任感、乐于奉献的品质，所以可以用有爱心且负责任来形容她。故选B项。27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Weknowbyacertainagethegreatliesinourlife-ifyoudoorachievethisorthat,youwillbehappyandrich.No.Loveandservicemakeusrich.(到了某个年龄，我们就知道我们生活中的伟大之处——如果你做到了或做到了这一点或那一点，你就会幸福而富有。不，爱和服务使我们富有。)”可知，作者认为在老年阶段，爱和服务才会让我们的人生真正富有，也就是生命的意义在于此。故选A项。CEarlyinmyacademiccareer,InoticedthatoneofthemostpopularclassesoncampuswasIntroductiontoAstronomy,ageneral-sciencecourse.Thestudentsalllovedit—especiallythenon-sciencemajors.Iaskedaneconomicsstudentwhysheenjoyeditsomuch.Shedidn’tsayanythingaboutstars,butshesaidsomethingaboutearthlyexistence.“WhenIgointoclassonThursdaymornings,Iamstressedoutaboutmylife,”shetoldme.“But90minuteslater,IfeelreliefbecauseIamjustaspeckonaspeck.”Shewasexpressingaprofoundtruth.Wetendtobelievethattobehappier,weneedtobecomebiggerinourownmindandinthemindsofothers.Butthat’swrong.Whatwereallyneedtoachieveboththeperspectiveonlifeandthepeaceistogetsmallerinrelationtoeverythingandeveryoneelse.Whenweexperienceourownlittleness,wecanrelaxintoahumblerealityofnotbeingtheobjectofattentionandcriticism,andwecanappreciateamagnificentuniversewithoutspoilingitwithourself-absorption.Youknowthatyouarenotthecenterofmostthingsinlife.Itisverypossiblethatyourowngreat-grandchildrenwillnotknowyourname.Andyet,whenyoudon’trecognizethesetruths,youwillhavetheillusionthatyouarethefocusofintenseoutsideinterest.Butthiscomesatacost:Thinkingaboutyourselfallthetimemakesyoumiserableoverthelongterm.Researchershaveshownthatsuchself-focuscanprovokeemotionalproblems,makingsocialsituationsortaskperformancefeelfrighteningandunpleasant.Self-focusisespeciallydeleteriousforpeoplewhobynaturehavehighsocialanxiety.Anadditionaldownsideisthatself-focusmakesperformingskilledtaskslessenjoyable.Inastudyofbasketballplayerspublishedin2002,sportspsychologistsinstructedonegroupofplayerstofocusontheirownperformanceduringwarm-up.Theseplayersexperiencedhigheranxietythanotherswhowerenotgiventhisinstruction.Allofthismightstrikeyouasstrange.Gettinghappieroftenrequiresyoutoresistyournaturaltendencies.Theworldisconstantlyinvitingyoutotrytomakeyourselfappearbiggerinothers’eyesandinyourown;thisfactunderpinstheentiresocial-mediabusinessmodel.However,thetricktofindinghappinessistogetsmaller.28．Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinquotingtheeconomicsstudentinpara.1?A．Tointroducetheviewpoint.B．Toshowtheeffectsofastronomyknowledge.C．Todemonstratethecommonanxietyproblems.D．Tostressthecourses’popularityamongnon-majors.29．Whatisthemainideaofpara.3?A．Peopleknowtheyarenottheworld’scenter.B．Ignoringexternalevaluationcanbringhappiness.C．Excessiveself-focuscausedistressanddiscomfort.D．Self-importancedeterminesone’slifevalue.30．Whatisthepossibleoutcomeifamusicianisinstructedtofocusontheirtechniques?A．Theywouldstayinfullcontroloftheirperformance.B．Theywouldfeelmoreanxiousandreducedenjoyment.C．Theirtechniquewouldreceivepraisefromtheaudience.D．Theywouldenjoythegloryfueledbyself-focus.31．Whichofthefollowingsayingscanbestillustratetheauthor’sopinion?A．Stillwatersrundeep.B．Thebiggerthehead,thesmallertheworld.C．Asmallleakwillsinkagreatship.D．Toknowoneselfisthebeginningofwisdom.【答案】28．A29．C30．B31．B【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过天文学课学生的感悟和心理学研究，论证过度自我关注会导致痛苦，而认识到自身的渺小反而能带来解脱与快乐，并批判社交媒体放大自我形象的文化现象。28．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Iaskedaneconomicsstudentwhysheenjoyeditsomuch.Shedidn’tsayanythingaboutstars,butshesaidsomethingaboutearthlyexistence.“WhenIgointoclassonThursdaymornings,Iamstressedoutaboutmylife,”shetoldme.“But90minuteslater,IfeelreliefbecauseIamjustaspeckonaspeck.”(我问一位经济学专业的学生，她为什么这么喜欢它。她没有说任何关于星星的事，但她说了一些关于地球存在的事。“当我周四早上去上课时，我对自己的生活感到压力很大，”她告诉我。“但90分钟后，我感到如释重负，因为我只是一个微尘中的微尘。”)”和第二段中“Shewasexpressingaprofoundtruth.Wetendtobelievethattobehappier,weneedtobecomebiggerinourownmindandinthemindsofothers.(她在表达一个深刻的真理。我们倾向于认为，要想更快乐，我们需要在自己和他人的心中变得更强大。)”可知，经济学学生回答说她因为这门课程感到自己的渺小，从而减轻了压力，这是作者后面想要探讨的“渺小感能带来快乐”的观点。因此，作者提及经济学学生是为了引出文章核心观点。故选A项。29．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Andyet,whenyoudon’trecognizethesetruths,youwillhavetheillusionthatyouarethefocusofintenseoutsideinterest.Butthiscomesatacost:Thinkingaboutyourselfallthetimemakesyoumiserableoverthelongterm.Researchershaveshownthatsuchself-focuscanprovokeemotionalproblems,makingsocialsituationsortaskperformancefeelfrighteningandunpleasant.Self-focusisespeciallydeleteriousforpeoplewhobynaturehavehighsocialanxiety.(然而，当你不认识到这些真相时，你会有一种错觉，认为你是外界强烈兴趣的焦点。但这是有代价的：一直想着自己会让你长期痛苦。研究人员已经表明，这种自我关注会引发情绪问题，使社交场合或任务表现感到恐惧和不愉快。自我关注对那些天生具有高度社交焦虑的人来说尤其有害。)”可知，该段聚焦过度自我关注的负面影响，主旨是过度自我关注会导致痛苦与不适。故选C项。30．推理判断题。根据第四段“Anadditionaldownsideisthatself-focusmakesperformingskilledtaskslessenjoyable.Inastudyofbasketballplayerspublishedin2002,sportspsychologistsinstructedonegroupofplayerstofocusontheirownperformanceduringwarm-up.Theseplayersexperiencedhigheranxietythanotherswhowerenotgiventhisinstruction.(另一个缺点是，自我关注会让执行需要技巧的任务变得不那么愉快。在2002年发表的一项针对篮球运动员的研究中，运动心理学家指示一组球员在热身期间专注于自己的表现。这些球员比那些没有得到这种指示的球员经历了更高的焦虑。)”可知，过度关注自身表现的指示让篮球运动员增加焦虑。由此推知，如果音乐家被要求专注技巧，他们可能感到更焦虑，而且乐趣减少。故选B项。31．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“Whatwereallyneedtoachieveboththeperspectiveonlifeandthepeaceistogetsmallerinrelationtoeverythingandeveryoneelse.(为了获得人生观与安宁，我们真正需要的是让自己在万物和他人面前变得更渺小。)”和最后一段中“However,thetricktofindinghappinessistogetsmaller.(但是，找到快乐的诀窍是变得更渺小。)”可知，作者通过天文学课学生的感悟和心理学研究，论证过度自我关注会导致痛苦，而认识到自身的渺小反而能带来解脱与快乐，并批判社交媒体放大自我形象的文化现象。因此，B项“头越大，世界越小”以“头”，即自我，与“世界”的对比，呼应作者主张的缩小自我才能拓宽视野。故选B项。D（新素材）InSomerville,MassachusettsjustoutsideofBoston,everyonehasahorrorstoryabouttherats(老鼠).AdalineLiningsaystheyruinedherChristmaslastyear.ShehadreceivedadeliveryofBartlettpears.“TherewereratsinsidetheboxfeastingonmyChristmaspears.TheyaredirectlyresponsibleforruiningChristmas,”shesays.Thenthere’sDoneneWilliamswhosaysthatacoupleyearsback,ratsgotunderherdeck,chewedthroughthesubfloor,andnestedintheinsulation.AndAndrewJefferiescan’tforgetthenoisesheheardathislastapartment.Now,thecityofSomervilleistryingtocontroltheseratsbyintroducingasaferformofratbirthcontrol.Ratsaren’tjustannoying.Theycauserealproblems.Ratscancarrydiseases,andtheyarealsooneoftheleadingcausesofpropertydamage.That’sbecausetheychewthroughwires,fencing,decks,andevencinderblock.PublicservantsPrivettandLipsonhavethrownallsortsofthingsattheproblem,tryingtokeepratnumbersdown.Buthomeownersandrentersdon’talwaysfollowbestpracticeslikeimprovingsanitation(卫生措施)andreducingtheanimals’shelterandfoodoptions.Evenattemptsatpoisoningcanbackfirewhenpetsorbirdsofpreyeattheratsorthepoisonandgetsickordie.Forallthesereasons,Somervilleistryingsomethingelse—ananti-fertility(抑制生殖)chemicalthattargetsthematureeggsinfemalerats.“Itbasicallystopsthepregnancybeforeitstarts,”saysLipson,who’soverseeingthefieldtrialoftheproductatseveralsitesinCambridgeandSomerville.Thegoal,however,isnottogetridofthemcompletely.“Thatisnotgoingtohappen,”hesays.“Thebirthcontroldoesn’tleadtopermanentinfertility.Rather,thechemicalactsontheratsonlywhileit’scirculatinginthebloodstream.”Theideaisthatiftheoverallpopulationcanbelowered,othereffortstominimizeratactivitywillbemoresuccessful.Attheveryleast,peoplewhohavetriedthismethodwillhelpencouragetheirneighborstotakeothermeasuresthathelpreduceratnumbers.“Wereallywanttoraiselevelsofknowledgeandconsciousnessamongresidentsandpropertyowners,”Lipsonadds.“Whenthelevelofdiscussionaroundratcontrolgoesup,weexpecttheretobegreatermotivationtodotherightthing.”32．Whyarethethreepeoplementionedinparagraph2?A．Todemonstratethetroubleratshavecausedforpeople.B．Topresentpeople’sdifferentattitudestowardsrats.C．ToshowthepoorlivingconditionsinSomerville.D．Toillustratethereasonsforrats’frequentvisits.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“backfire”inparagraph4mean?A．Bebeneficial. B．Beharmful. C．Benecessary. D．Bepossible.34．WhatdoesLipsonappealforinthelastparagraph?A．Individualdonations. B．Governmentsupport.C．Moreeffectivesolutions. D．Growingpublicawareness.35．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．MassachusettsCityAimstoRemoveRatsB．PublicServantsTrytoControlRatPopulationC．TooManyRats?BirthControlIsOneCity’sAnswerD．TiredofRats?AChemicalWillKillThemforGood【答案】32．A33．B34．D35．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍马萨诸塞州萨默维尔市老鼠泛滥的问题、危害，以及该市采用老鼠节育方式控制数量的举措和目标。32．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“AdalineLiningsaystheyruinedherChristmaslastyear.ShehadreceivedadeliveryofBartlettpears.“TherewereratsinsidetheboxfeastingonmyChristmaspears.TheyaredirectlyresponsibleforruiningChristmas,”shesays.Thenthere’sDoneneWilliamswhosaysthatacoupleyearsback,ratsgotunderherdeck,chewedthroughthesubfloor,andnestedintheinsulation.AndAndrewJefferiescan’tforgetthenoisesheheardathislastapartment.(阿达琳·林宁说它们毁了她去年的圣诞节。她收到了一箱巴特利特梨。“盒子里有老鼠在啃我的圣诞梨。它们是毁了圣诞节的直接原因，”她说。还有多内恩·威廉姆斯，她说几年前，老鼠钻进了她的露台下面，咬穿了底层地板，在保温层里筑巢。安德鲁·杰弗里斯忘不了他在上一个公寓里听到的噪音)”可知，文中提到三个人的经历，分别讲述老鼠毁了圣诞节、破坏房屋和制造噪音，目的是证明老鼠给人们带来的麻烦。故选A项。33．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Evenattemptsatpoisoningcanbackfirewhenpetsorbirdsofpreyeattheratsorthepoisonandgetsickordie.(当宠物或猛禽吃掉老鼠或毒药而生病或死亡时，即使是投毒的尝试也可能会backfire)”可知，投毒本是为了控制老鼠，但却导致其他动物伤亡，产生了负面效果，由此猜测backfire意为“产生不良后果、适得其反”，与Beharmful（有害的）意思相近。故选B项。34．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Wereallywanttoraiselevelsofknowledgeandconsciousnessamongresidentsandpropertyowners,”Lipsonadds.“Whenthelevelofdiscussionaroundratcontrolgoesup,weexpecttheretobegreatermotivationtodotherightthing.”(“我们真的想提高居民和业主的知识水平和意识，”利普森补充道。“当关于老鼠控制的讨论增多时，我们期望人们有更大的动力去做正确的事情。”)”可知，利普森呼吁提高公众对老鼠控制的意识。故选D项。35．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第三段中“Now,thecityofSomervilleistryingtocontroltheseratsbyintroducingasaferformofratbirthcontrol.(现在，萨默维尔市正试图通过引入一种更安全的老鼠节育方式来控制这些老鼠)”可知，文章开篇介绍萨默维尔市老鼠泛滥的问题，随后说明传统控制方法的不足，重点讲述该市采用老鼠节育化学药剂来控制老鼠数量的举措、原理和目标，核心围绕“老鼠泛滥的解决方案——节育”展开。C项“老鼠太多？节育是一座城市的答案”准确概括文章核心内容，适合作本文标题。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ImprovingYourConcentrationConcentratingcanbedifficult,especiallywithsomanydistractionsaroundus.Whetheryouarestudyingforanexamorworkingonaproject,stayingfocusediskeytosuccess.36Createaquietenvironment.Theplacewhereyouworkhasabigimpactonyourconcentration.Findaspacethatisfreefromnoiseandinterruptions.37Forexample,ifyouareinalibrary,chooseacornerawayfromthemainentrance.Ifyou’reathome,tellyourfamilymembersthatyouneedsomeprivatetime.Breaktasksintosmallersteps.Largeprojectscanfeeloverwhelming,whichmakesiteasytolosefocus.38Byfocusingononesmalltaskatatime,youwillfeelasenseofprogress.Thiskeepsyoumotivatedandhelpsyoustayontrackuntiltheentireprojectiscompleted.39Itmightseemcounterintuitive,buttakingbreaksactuallyimprovesconcentration.Workingforhourswithoutstoppingleadstobrainfatigue.Thisallowsyourmindtorestandr