2026年高考英语终极冲刺：猜押热点专题05“生态环保・可持续发展・全球治理与青年责任”主题专练（解析版）

2/6猜押热点专题05“生态环保・可持续发展・全球治理与青年责任”主题专练（解析版）一、政策溯源：国家战略与育人导向的顶层设计1、双碳目标与生态文明建设引领“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念深入人心，碳达峰、碳中和（2030/2060）已上升为国家长期战略。《关于加快建立健全绿色低碳循环发展经济体系的指导意见》强调“推动生态文明建设，促进人与自然和谐共生”。2025—2026年教育部持续将环保意识、绿色生活、全球视野、青年担当纳入育人核心指标。高考英语以语篇为载体，传递绿色发展、生态保护、人类命运共同体理念，引导青少年树立环保自觉与全球责任，服务国家生态文明与外交战略。2、新课标“人与自然”主题强化（2025版）《普通高中英语课程标准》将“人与自然”列为三大主题语境之首，明确子主题包括：生态保护、环境污染与治理、气候变化、可持续发展、野生动植物保护、绿色生活、全球环境治理。强调“用英语讲好中国生态故事”，突出立德树人、国际视野、青年行动，为2026年命题划定核心方向。3、“绿色+教育+国际”融合命题导向近年高考英语命题全面落地生态环保主题：气候变化：全球变暖、极端天气、减排行动、国际合作；生态保护：生物多样性、湿地保护、退耕还林、长江/黄河生态治理；绿色生活：低碳出行、垃圾分类、节约资源、绿色消费；全球治理：国际公约、跨国合作、中国方案、青年责任；可持续发展：循环经济、清洁能源、绿色技术、人与自然和谐。二、2026年命题迭代趋势1、主题高度化从“简单环保行为”升级为气候变化应对、生物多样性、生态系统修复、全球气候治理、人类命运共同体等高阶议题，体现国际视野与家国担当。2、素材本土化+国际化双轨本土化：中国生态治理成就（塞罕坝、大熊猫保护、长江十年禁渔、荒漠化治理、新能源发展）；国际化：全球环境问题、国际峰会（COP）、跨国环保项目、青年全球行动。3、题型全场景覆盖阅读：环保科普、生态纪实、气候政策评论、中国生态外宣、国际组织报告；读后续写：环保志愿行动、拯救动植物、低碳创新实践、人与自然和解；应用文：环保倡议书、低碳活动通知、国际青年环保论坛邀请、志愿者招募、英文演讲稿。三、核心素养与能力考查语言能力掌握生态环保主题词汇、长难句分析、观点论证、国际议题表达。文化意识树立生态文明观，认同中国绿色发展成就，理解人类命运共同体。思维品质考查批判性思维（利弊分析）、辩证思维（发展与保护）、创新思维（绿色方案）。学习能力引导践行绿色生活，关注全球议题，提升跨文化沟通与公共表达能力。四、时代需求与考生适配气候变化、塑料污染、生物多样性丧失、资源短缺成为全球挑战。高考回应现实，引导青年从我做起、全球担当、知行合一，实现“以考育人、以考促行”。五、新课标命题“三贴近”原则贴近时代生活：垃圾分类、低碳出行、光盘行动、节约水电；贴近时代主题：双碳目标、生态文明、绿色发展、全球治理；贴近核心素养：人与自然和谐、环保意识、国际视野、青年责任。命题稳定性：生态环保连续多年必考，2026年进一步强化气候治理+中国方案+青年行动，稳中求新。六、总结：猜押热点底层逻辑2026英语高考将“生态环保・可持续发展・全球治理与青年责任”定为核心热点，是国家战略、新课标、国际大势、现实需求共同驱动的结果。覆盖气候变化、生物多样性、绿色生活、全球合作、青年行动，全面考查语言、思维、文化、价值，高度契合高考命题方向。七、2026高考英语核心话题词汇（按主题分类）1.生态保护与环境问题Ecology&Environmentecologicalcivilization生态文明ecosystem生态系统biodiversity生物多样性wildlife野生动植物endangeredspecies濒危物种wetland湿地deforestation森林砍伐desertification荒漠化pollution污染airpollution空气污染waterpollution水污染plasticpollution塑料污染garbageclassification垃圾分类sewagetreatment污水处理environmentalprotection环境保护2.气候变化与双碳目标Climate&CarbonGoalsclimatechange气候变化globalwarming全球变暖carbonemission碳排放carbonpeak碳达峰carbonneutrality碳中和low-carbon低碳的greenhousegas温室气体extremeweather极端天气energyconservation节能emissionsreduction减排3.可持续发展与绿色生活SustainableDevelopment&GreenLifesustainabledevelopment可持续发展circulareconomy循环经济renewableenergy可再生能源cleanenergy清洁能源solarenergy太阳能windenergy风能greentechnology绿色技术greenconsumption绿色消费low-carbonlifestyle低碳生活方式resourceconservation资源节约reduce,reuse,recycle减量化、再利用、再循环eco-friendly环保的；对生态友好的4.全球治理与国际合作GlobalGovernance&Cooperationglobalgovernance全球治理internationalcooperation国际合作humancommunitywithasharedfuture人类命运共同体environmentalagreement环境公约globalissue全球问题jointeffort共同努力responsibility责任sustainabledevelopmentgoals(SDGs)可持续发展目标5.青年责任与行动YouthResponsibility&Actionyouthresponsibility青年责任voluntaryactivity志愿活动takeaction采取行动raiseawareness提高意识advocate倡导participate参与contributeto为……做贡献fulfillone’sduty履行责任6.写作高级形容词eco-friendly环保的sustainable可持续的low-carbon低碳的recyclable可回收的renewable可再生的green绿色的harmonious和谐的vital至关重要的urgent紧迫的joint共同的global全球的responsible有责任的Passage1环保类·绿色低碳生活与全球气候治理出处：NationalGeographic（《国家地理》）Asglobalwarmingcontinuestoworsen,theneedforgreenandlow-carbonlivinghasbecomeincreasinglyurgent.Itisnolongerjustachoiceforindividualsbutanecessarytaskforthewholeworldtoprotecttheearthandfightagainstclimatechange.Greenlivingreferstoalifestylethataimstoreduceenergyconsumptionandenvironmentalpollutionindailylife.Simplechangesinpeople’sdailybehaviorcanmakeabigdifference.Forexample,choosingtowalkorridebicyclesforshorttripsinsteadofdrivingprivatecarscancutdowncarbonemissionsgreatly.Savingelectricitybyturningofflightsandelectricalapplianceswhennotinusehelpsreducethewasteofpowerresources.Recyclingwastepaper,plasticbottlesandglassalsocontributestoenvironmentalprotectionbydecreasingtheamountofrubbishandsavingnaturalresources.Manycitiesandcountriesaretakingactivemeasurestopromotelow-carbondevelopment.Moreandmorepublictransportsystemspoweredbycleanenergyarebeingbuilt.Newenergyvehiclessuchaselectriccarsarebecomingmorepopularamongthepublic.Governmentsarealsoencouragingtheuseofsolarenergyandwindenergy,whicharerenewableandcauselittlepollution.Besides,moregreenspacesandparksarebeingcreatedtoimprovetheurbanenvironmentandabsorbcarbondioxide.However,therearestilldifficultiesinthepopularizationofgreenliving.Somepeoplestilllackenvironmentalawarenessandpaylittleattentiontotheirdailycarbonfootprint.Thecostofcleanenergyequipmentisstillhighformanyfamiliesandcommunities.Inaddition,therelatedsupportingfacilitiesinsomeareasarenotperfect,whichmakesitinconvenientforpeopletolivealow-carbonlife.Infact,greenlivingisnotasdifficultassomepeopleimagine.Everysmalleffortindailylifecounts.Ifeveryonetakesactiontochoosealow-carbonlifestyle,theglobalenvironmentwillbecomebetterandbetter.Inthenearfuture,greenandlow-carbondevelopmentwillbecomethemaintrendofsocialprogress,creatingahealthierandmoresustainablehomeforhumanbeings.1.Whatisthepurposeofgreenlivingaccordingtothepassage?A.Toincreasetheuseofnaturalresources.B.Toreduceenergyconsumptionandpollution.C.Todevelopmoreprivatecars.D.Toproducemoreelectricalappliances.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasawayofgreenliving?A.Walkingorcyclingforshorttrips.B.Savingelectricityindailylife.C.Recyclingwastematerials.D.Buildingmorebigfactories.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“carbonfootprint”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Theamountofcarbondioxideapersonoractivityproduces.B.Themarkleftbyfeetoncarbonmaterials.C.Anewkindofcleanenergy.D.Aspecialtypeofpollution.4.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Greenlivingistoodifficultforordinarypeople.B.Cleanenergycostsnothingforallfamilies.C.Greenandlow-carbonlifewillbemorepopularinthefuture.D.Allpeoplehavestrongenvironmentalawarenessnow.答案和解析1.B细节理解题（高考高频题型）解题关键：明确题干提问“绿色生活的目的”，定位原文中“greenliving”的定义句，找到表示“目的”的短语（aimto），即可锁定答案。定位技巧：题干关键词“purpose”“greenliving”，快速扫描原文，在第二段第一句找到“Greenlivingreferstoalifestylethataimstoreduceenergyconsumptionandenvironmentalpollutionindailylife.”（绿色生活指的是在日常生活中旨在减少能源消耗和环境污染的生活方式）。2.D细节理解题解题关键：题干提问“哪一项不是绿色生活的方式”，需定位原文中提到的“绿色生活方式”，逐一比对选项，排除原文提及的内容，剩余选项即为答案。定位技巧：题干关键词“wayofgreenliving”，定位到原文第二段第三至五句，原文用“Forexample”“Besides”列举了三种绿色生活方式。3.A词义猜测题（高考高频题型）解题关键：结合上下文语境，分析划线短语前后的语义逻辑，根据“环保”这一核心话题，推断短语含义，避免脱离语境猜测字面意思。定位技巧：划线短语“carbonfootprint”在第四段第二句“Somepeoplestilllackenvironmentalawarenessandpaylittleattentiontotheirdailycarbonfootprint.”，该句围绕“绿色生活推广的困难”展开，主语是“缺乏环保意识的人”，宾语是与环保相关的内容。4.C推理判断题（高考难点题型）解题关键：立足原文细节，合理推断，遵循“原文有依据、不过度解读、不与原文矛盾”的原则，排除“绝对化、矛盾、无依据”的选项。定位技巧：题干关键词“infer”，需结合全文细节，重点关注最后一段（原文结尾常是推理判断的重点区域），最后一段最后一句“Inthenearfuture,greenandlow-carbondevelopmentwillbecomethemaintrendofsocialprogress”。词汇积累（高考高频）consumption(n.)消耗；消费搭配：energyconsumption能源消耗（高考阅读、写作高频，常结合环保、能源话题考查）emission(n.)排放搭配：carbonemission碳排放（热点环保词汇，阅读细节题、写作高级词汇）renewable(adj.)可再生的搭配：renewableenergy可再生能源（派生词：renewv.更新，高考完形、阅读常考）absorb(v.)吸收搭配：absorbcarbondioxide吸收二氧化碳（常见搭配，阅读细节题高频定位词）sustainable(adj.)可持续的搭配：sustainabledevelopment可持续发展（高考写作、阅读主旨题高频词汇）长难句分析原句：Asglobalwarmingcontinuestoworsen,theneedforgreenandlow-carbonlivinghasbecomeincreasinglyurgent.拆分：①时间状语从句：Asglobalwarmingcontinuestoworsen（随着全球变暖持续加剧）；考点：as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”，高考阅读、语法填空高频结构，常用来引导背景信息，是细节题、推理题的定位点之一。②主句：theneedforgreenandlow-carbonlivinghasbecomeincreasinglyurgent（绿色低碳生活的需求变得日益迫切）；核心结构：theneedfor………的需求，increasinglyurgent日益迫切（副词increasingly修饰形容词urgent，高考写作可借鉴）。释义：随着全球变暖持续加剧，绿色低碳生活的需求已变得日益迫切。（翻译要点：“greenandlow-carbonliving”译为“绿色低碳生活”，贴合中文环保话题表达；“increasinglyurgent”译为“日益迫切”，准确体现语气变化。）整篇文章汉语翻译随着全球变暖持续加剧，绿色低碳生活的需求已变得日益迫切。这不再仅仅是个人的选择，更是全世界保护地球、应对气候变化的必要任务。绿色生活指的是在日常生活中减少能源消耗和环境污染的生活方式。人们日常行为中的简单改变就能产生巨大影响。例如，短途出行选择步行或骑自行车而非驾驶私家车，可以大幅减少碳排放。不用灯和电器时及时关闭以节约用电，有助于减少电力资源浪费。回收废纸、塑料瓶和玻璃也能通过减少垃圾数量、节约自然资源来为环保做贡献。许多城市和国家正在积极采取措施推动低碳发展。越来越多由清洁能源驱动的公共交通系统正在建设中。电动汽车等新能源汽车越来越受公众欢迎。各国政府也在鼓励使用太阳能和风能，这些能源可再生且几乎无污染。此外，人们正在建设更多绿地和公园，以改善城市环境并吸收二氧化碳。然而，绿色生活的推广仍存在困难。一些人仍然缺乏环保意识，很少关注自己日常的碳足迹。清洁能源设备的成本对许多家庭和社区来说仍然偏高。此外，部分地区相关配套设施不完善，导致人们不便过上低碳生活。事实上，绿色生活并不像一些人想象的那么困难。日常生活中的每一点努力都很重要。如果每个人都行动起来选择低碳生活方式，全球环境将会变得越来越好。在不久的将来，绿色低碳发展将成为社会进步的主流趋势，为人类创造一个更健康、更可持续的家园。Passage2环保类・保护野生动物出处：NationalGeographic（《国家地理》）Wildanimalsaretheprecioustreasureofnatureandanimportantpartoftheecologicalbalance.However,inrecentyears,manywildanimalshavebeenfacingthethreatofextinction,andthenumberofsomeendangeredspeciesisdecreasingsharply.Protectingwildanimalshasbecomeanurgenttaskforhumanbeings.Therearemanyreasonsforthedecreaseofwildanimals.Firstofall,humanactivitiessuchascuttingdownforestsandexpandingcitieshavedestroyedthelivingplacesofwildanimals,makingthemlosetheirhomesandfoodsources.Besides,somepeoplehuntwildanimalsillegallyfortheirfur,meatorotherbodypartstomakemoney,whichdirectlyleadstotherapiddeclineinthenumberofwildanimals.Inaddition,environmentalpollutionandclimatechangealsohaveabadinfluenceonthesurvivalofwildanimals.Protectingwildanimalsisofgreatimportance.Ontheonehand,protectingwildanimalshelpsmaintainecologicalbalance.Everykindofwildanimalplaysanimportantroleinnature,andtheextinctionofanyspecieswillbreakthebalanceoftheecosystem.Ontheotherhand,wildanimalshavescientificresearchvalueandcanhelppeoplebetterunderstandthemysteryoflife.Moreover,wildanimalscanalsopromotethedevelopmentofeco-tourismandbringeconomicbenefits.Toprotectwildanimals,effectivemeasuresmustbetaken.Governmentsshouldmakestrictlawstopunishillegalhuntingandprotectthelivingareasofwildanimals.Peopleshouldraisetheirawarenessofanimalprotectionandrefusetobuyproductsmadefromendangeredwildanimals.Schoolsshouldeducatestudentstoloveandprotectwildanimalsfromanearlyage.Weshouldrememberthatprotectingwildanimalsisprotectingourselves.1.Whyisthenumberofwildanimalsdecreasingsharply?A.Becausenaturedoesnotneedsomanywildanimals.B.Becausehumanactivitiesdestroytheirlivingplaces.C.Becausewildanimalscanfindenoughfoodeasily.D.Becauseeco-tourismdevelopstooquickly.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“urgent”inParagraph1mean?A.Needingimmediateattention.B.Beingeasytodealwith.C.Takingalongtime.D.Beingunimportant.3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheimportanceofprotectingwildanimals?A.Maintainingecologicalbalance.B.Havingscientificresearchvalue.C.Promotingeco-tourism.D.Huntingthemformoremoney.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Illegalhuntingshouldbesupportedbyeveryone.B.Peoplecanbuyproductsmadefromwildanimals.C.Protectingwildanimalsisbeneficialtohumanbeings.D.Environmentalpollutionhasnothingtodowithwildanimals.答案和解析1.B细节理解题。第二段指出人类活动破坏了野生动物栖息地。2.A词义猜测题。野生动物濒临灭绝，因此保护是紧急的、需要立刻关注的任务。3.D细节理解题。D项是伤害野生动物的行为，不是保护的意义。4.C推理判断题。最后一句“protectingwildanimalsisprotectingourselves”表明保护动物对人类有益。词汇积累（高考高频）1.precious(adj.)珍贵的2.extinction(n.)灭绝；消亡派生词：extinct(adj.)灭绝的3.illegal(adj.)非法的反义词：legal(adj.)合法的4.maintain(v.)维持；保持5.ecosystem(n.)生态系统长难句分析原句：Besides,somepeoplehuntwildanimalsillegallyfortheirfur,meatorotherbodypartstomakemoney,whichdirectlyleadstotherapiddeclineinthenumberofwildanimals.拆分：①主句：somepeoplehuntwildanimalsillegally...（一些人为了谋取利益非法捕猎野生动物）；②定语从句：whichdirectlyleadsto...（这直接导致野生动物数量快速下降）。释义：此外，一些人为了获取野生动物的皮毛、肉或其他身体部位谋取利益而非法捕猎，这直接导致野生动物数量快速下降。Passage3社会类·低碳生活与可持续发展出处：TheGuardian（《卫报》）Withtheincreasingseriousnessofglobalclimatechange,low-carbonlifehasbecomeahottopicaroundtheworld.Low-carbonlifereferstoawayoflifethatreducesenergyconsumptionandgreenhousegasemissions,aimingtoprotecttheenvironmentandpromotesustainabledevelopment.Itisnotonlytheresponsibilityofeveryindividualbutalsoanimportantmeasuretodealwithclimatechange.Therearemanywaystopracticelow-carbonlifeindailylife.Forindividuals,wecansaveelectricitybyturningofflightsandotherelectricalapplianceswhennotinuse.Wecanchooselow-carbontravelmethods,suchaswalking,cyclingortakingpublictransport,insteadofdrivingprivatecars.Inaddition,wecanreducetheuseofdisposableproducts,suchasplasticbagsanddisposablechopsticks,andchoosereusableproductstoreducewaste.Forfamiliesandenterprises,theycanadoptenergy-savingtechnologiesandequipmenttoreduceenergyconsumptionandemissions.Practicinglow-carbonlifehasgreatsignificanceforenvironmentalprotectionandsustainabledevelopment.Firstly,itcanreducegreenhousegasemissions,alleviateglobalwarmingandprotecttheecologicalbalance.Secondly,itcansaveenergyresourcesandreducethepressureofresourceshortage.Thirdly,itcanhelppeopledevelopahealthyandenvironmentallyfriendlylifestyle,improvingthequalityoflife.Moreover,thepopularizationoflow-carbonlifecanpromotethedevelopmentofgreenindustries,suchasnewenergyandenergy-savingproducts.However,therearestillsomedifficultiesinpromotinglow-carbonlife.Somepeoplelacktheawarenessoflow-carbonlifeanddonotrealizeitsimportance.Othersthinkthatpracticinglow-carbonlifeisinconvenientandwillaffecttheirqualityoflife.Besides,thepromotionoflow-carbontechnologiesandproductsisnotenough,andthecostofsomegreenproductsisrelativelyhigh,whichlimitstheirpopularity.Topromotelow-carbonlife,weneedjointeffortsfromallsectorsofsociety.Governmentsshouldstrengthenpublicityandguidancetoimprovepeople'sawarenessoflow-carbonlifeandformulaterelevantpoliciestosupportthedevelopmentofgreenindustries.Enterprisesshoulddevelopmoreaffordablegreenproductsandpopularizeenergy-savingtechnologies.Asindividuals,weshouldactivelypracticelow-carbonlifeandsetanexampleforothers.Onlyinthiswaycanweprotecttheenvironmentandachievesustainabledevelopment.1.Whatislow-carbonlifeaccordingtothepassage?A.Awayoflifethatincreasesenergyconsumption.B.Awayoflifethatreducesenergyconsumptionandgreenhousegasemissions.C.Awayoflifethatonlyfocusesonpersonalcomfort.D.Awayoflifethatignoresenvironmentalprotection.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTawaytopracticelow-carbonlife?A.Turningofflightswhennotinuse.B.Drivingprivatecarseveryday.C.Usingreusableproductsinsteadofdisposableones.D.Takingpublictransport.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“alleviate”inParagraph3mean?A.Worsen.B.Relieveorreduce.C.Cause.D.Accelerate.4.Whatcangovernmentsdotopromotelow-carbonlife?A.Ignorethepromotionoflow-carbonawareness.B.Formulatepoliciestosupportgreenindustriesandstrengthenpublicity.C.Increasethecostofgreenproducts.D.Discouragepeoplefromusingpublictransport.答案和解析1.B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Low-carbonlifereferstoawayoflifethatreducesenergyconsumptionandgreenhousegasemissions”可知，低碳生活是减少能源消耗和温室气体排放的生活方式。A、C、D项均不符合文意。2.B细节理解题。根据第二段“wecanchooselow-carbontravelmethods,suchaswalking,cyclingortakingpublictransport,insteadofdrivingprivatecars”可知，开车不是低碳生活的方式。A、C、D项均为低碳生活的具体做法。3.B词义猜测题。根据前文“itcanreducegreenhousegasemissions”和后文“protecttheecologicalbalance”可知，减少温室气体排放能缓解全球变暖，由此推测“alleviate”意为“缓解、减轻”。A项“恶化”、C项“引起”、D项“加速”均不符合语境。4.B细节理解题。根据第五段“Governmentsshouldstrengthenpublicityandguidance...formulaterelevantpoliciestosupportthedevelopmentofgreenindustries”可知，政府可以加强宣传、制定政策支持绿色产业发展。A、C、D项均不符合文意。词汇积累（高考高频）1.low-carbon(adj.)低碳的搭配：low-carbonlife低碳生活；low-carbontravel低碳出行2.emission(n.)排放搭配：greenhousegasemissions温室气体排放3.disposable(adj.)一次性的搭配：disposableproducts一次性产品4.alleviate(v.)缓解；减轻搭配：alleviateglobalwarming缓解全球变暖5.sustainable(adj.)可持续的搭配：sustainabledevelopment可持续发展长难句分析原句：Low-carbonlifereferstoawayoflifethatreducesenergyconsumptionandgreenhousegasemissions,aimingtoprotecttheenvironmentandpromotesustainabledevelopment.拆分：①主句：Low-carbonlifereferstoawayoflifethatreducesenergyconsumptionandgreenhousegasemissions（低碳生活是指减少能源消耗和温室气体排放的生活方式）；②定语从句：thatreducesenergyconsumptionandgreenhousegasemissions（修饰awayoflife，意为“减少能源消耗和温室气体排放的”）；③目的状语：aimingtoprotecttheenvironmentandpromotesustainabledevelopment（现在分词短语表目的，意为“旨在保护环境，促进可持续发展”）。释义：低碳生活是指减少能源消耗和温室气体排放的生活方式，旨在保护环境，促进可持续发展。Passage4社会类·垃圾分类与绿色生活出处：TheGuardian（《卫报》）Withtherapiddevelopmentofsocietyandtheincreaseofpeople’slivingstandards,theamountofgarbageisgrowingdaybyday,whichbringsgreatpressuretotheenvironment.Garbageclassification,asaneffectivewaytosolvethegarbageproblem,hasbeenpromotedinmanycountriesaroundtheworld,helpingtobuildagreenandsustainablelife.Garbageclassificationhasmanyenvironmentalbenefits.Firstly,itcanreduceenvironmentalpollution.Forexample,harmfulgarbagesuchasbatteriesandexpiredmedicines,ifnotclassifiedanddisposedofproperly,willpollutesoilandwater.Classifyingthemseparatelycanavoidsuchpollution.Secondly,garbageclassificationcansaveresources.Manywastes,suchaspaper,plasticbottlesandglass,canberecycledandreusedafterclassification.Thisnotonlyreducestheamountofgarbagebutalsosavestheresourcesneededtoproducenewproducts.Thirdly,garbageclassificationcanprotectecologicalbalanceandpromotethesustainabledevelopmentofsociety.However,garbageclassificationisstillnotwidelypopularizedinsomeareas.Somepeoplelacktheawarenessofgarbageclassificationanddonotknowhowtoclassifygarbagecorrectly.Someareasdonothaveperfectgarbageclassificationfacilities,suchasclassifiedgarbagebins,whichmakesitdifficultforpeopletocarryoutgarbageclassification.Inaddition,thepublicityandguidanceongarbageclassificationarenotenough,leadingtopeople’slowenthusiasmforparticipatinginit.Topromotegarbageclassification,jointeffortsareneededfromthegovernment,communitiesandeveryindividual.Thegovernmentshouldformulaterelevantlawsandregulationstostandardizegarbageclassificationandincreaseinvestmentingarbageclassificationfacilities.Communitiesshouldstrengthenpublicityandguidance,teachpeoplehowtoclassifygarbagecorrectlythroughlecturesandposters.Asindividuals,weshouldestablishtheawarenessofgreenlife,learngarbageclassificationknowledgeandpracticegarbageclassificationindailylife.Onlyinthiswaycanweprotecttheenvironmentandbuildabetterhome.1.Whatisaneffectivewaytosolvethegarbageproblemaccordingtothepassage?A.Increasingtheamountofgarbagedisposalequipment.B.Garbageclassification.C.Reducingpeople’slivingstandards.D.Buryingallgarbageunderground.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTabenefitofgarbageclassification?A.Reducingenvironmentalpollution.B.Savingresources.C.Protectingecologicalbalance.D.Increasingtheamountofgarbage.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disposed”inParagraph2mean?A.Produced.B.Collected.C.Handledanddealtwith.D.Recycled.4.Whatcanindividualsdotopromotegarbageclassification?A.Waitforthegovernmenttodoallthework.B.Establishgreenlifeawarenessandpracticegarbageclassification.C.Ignoregarbageclassificationrules.D.Complainaboutthelackofclassificationfacilities.Answers&Explanations1.B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Garbageclassification,asaneffectivewaytosolvethegarbageproblem,hasbeenpromotedinmanycountriesaroundtheworld”可知，垃圾分类是解决垃圾问题的有效方法。A项“增加垃圾处理设备数量”、C项“降低人们生活水平”、D项“将所有垃圾埋在地下”均未提及且不符合常理。2.D细节理解题。根据第二段内容，垃圾分类的好处包括减少环境污染、节约资源、保护生态平衡，D项“增加垃圾数量”并非其好处，反而垃圾分类会减少垃圾数量3.C词义猜测题。根据前文“harmfulgarbagesuchasbatteriesandexpiredmedicines,ifnotclassified”及后文“willpollutesoilandwater”可知，有害垃圾如果不被正确分类和处理，会污染土壤和水，由此推测“disposed”意为“处理、处置”。A项“生产”、B项“收集”、D项“回收”均不符合语境。4.B细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“Asindividuals,weshouldestablishtheawarenessofgreenlife,learngarbageclassificationknowledgeandpracticegarbageclassificationindailylife”可知，个人可以树立绿色生活意识并践行垃圾分类来推动垃圾分类的实施。A项“等待政府做所有工作”、C项“忽视垃圾分类规则”、D项“抱怨缺乏分类设施”均不符合文意。Passage5环境类·城市绿化与生态修复Urbangreeninghasbecomeacrucialcomponentofmodernurbandevelopment,asitnotonlyenhancesthelivingenvironmentofresidentsbutalsohelpsaddressenvironmentalissuessuchasairpollutionandtheheatislandeffect.Inrecentyears,agrowingnumberofcitieshavestartedtofocusonecologicalrestoration,integratinggreenspacesintourbanplanningtobuildmoresustainablecities.Amajorbenefitofurbangreeningistheimprovementofairquality.Treesandplantsareabletoabsorbcarbondioxideandemitoxygen,whichhelpslowertheconcentrationofharmfulgasesintheair.Forexample,alargeurbancentralparkcanabsorbaconsiderableamountofcarbondioxide,fresheningtheairfornearbyresidents.Anotheradvantageisthemitigationoftheheatislandeffect.Urbanareasaregenerallywarmerthanruralareasduetothelargenumberofbuildingsandroads,butgreenspacescanproduceacoolingeffectthroughshadingandtranspiration.Nonetheless,urbangreeningalsofacesseveraldifficulties.Aprimaryproblemisthescarcityofspaceforgreenareasindenselypopulatedcities.Manycitieshavelimitedlandresources,makingitchallengingtoconstructlargeparksandgreenbelts.Anotherdifficultyisthehighcostofgreenspacemaintenance.Watering,pruning,andpestcontrolareallcostly,andnumerouscitiesareunabletoproperlymaintaintheirgreenareas.Furthermore,somegreenspacesarenotscientificallydesigned,whichmayresultinthewasteofresources.Insummary,urbangreeningisaneffectivemeansofimprovingtheurbanenvironment,butitdemandscarefulplanningandmanagement.Thebestapproachistocombineecologicalrestorationwithurbandevelopment,ensuringthatgreenspacesarebothaestheticallypleasingandfunctionallypractical.1.Whatisthemainbenefitofurbangreeningforcities?A.Itcanmakecitiesmorecrowded.B.Itcanenhancethelivingenvironmentandsolveenvironmentalproblems.C.Itcandecreasethenumberoftreesandplants.D.Itcanraisethecostofurbandevelopment.2.Whycangreenspacesmitigatetheheatislandeffect?A.Becausetheycanabsorbcarbondioxideandemitoxygen.B.Becausetheycanproduceacoolingeffectthroughshadingandtranspiration.C.Becausetheycanfreshentheair.D.Becausetheycanprovidemorespaceforresidents.3.Whatisoneofthechallengesofurbangreening?A.Itcanimproveairquality.B.Itcanmitigatetheheatislandeffect.C.Itishardtobuildlargegreenareasindenselypopulatedcities.D.Itcanreducethecostofgreenspacemaintenance.4.Whatistheauthor’sviewonurbangreening?A.Itisunnecessaryformoderncities.B.Itrequirescarefulplanningandmanagement.C.Itshouldbecompletelyabandonedduetohighcosts.D.Itisonlysuitableforsmallcities.1.B细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Urbangreeninghasbecomeacrucialcomponentofmodernurbandevelopment,asitnotonlyenhancesthelivingenvironmentofresidentsbutalsohelpsaddressenvironmentalissues...”可知，城市绿化的主要好处是改善居住环境和解决环境问题。A项“使城市更拥挤”、C项“减少树木和植物的数量”、D项“增加城市发展成本”均与文意相反或无关（D项是城市绿化面临的挑战，而非好处）。2.B细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“butgreenspacescanproduceacoolingeffectthroughshadingandtranspiration.”可知，绿地通过遮阳和蒸腾作用产生降温效果，从而缓解热岛效应。A项“吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气”、C项“净化空气”是城市绿化改善空气质量的原因，D项“为居民提供更多空间”未提及，均不符合题意。3.C细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Aprimaryproblemisthescarcityofspaceforgreenareasindenselypopulatedcities.”可知，人口密集城市难以建造大型绿地是城市绿化的挑战之一。A项“改善空气质量”、B项“缓解热岛效应”是城市绿化的好处，D项“降低绿地维护成本”与第三段“维护成本高昂”相矛盾，均不符合题意。4.B推理判断题。根据末段“Insummary,urbangreeningisaneffectivemeansofimprovingtheurbanenvironment,butitdemandscarefulplanningandmanagement.”可知，作者认为城市绿化需要精心规划和管理。A项“现代城市不需要”、C项“因成本高应完全摒弃”、D项“只适用于小城市”均不符合文意。词汇积累（高考高频）1.sustainable(adj.)可持续的；文中义：将绿地与城市规划相结合，打造一个更可持续的城市。搭配：sustainabledevelopment可持续发展；sustainablecity可持续城市2.absorb(v.)吸收；文中义：树木和植物可以吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气。搭配：absorbcarbondioxide吸收二氧化碳；absorbwater吸水3.lower(v.)减少；降低；文中义：减少空气中有害气体的浓度。搭配：lowertheconcentrationof降低……的浓度；lowerpollution减少污染4.maintenance(n.)维护；保养；文中义：浇水、修剪和病虫害防治都很昂贵，许多城市无法承担其绿地维护费用。搭配：greenspacemaintenance绿地维护；equipmentmaintenance设备维护5.prune(v.)修剪；文中义：浇水、修剪和病虫害防治都很昂贵，许多城市无法承担其绿地维护费用。搭配：prunetrees修剪树木；prunebranches修剪树枝长难句分析原句：Treesandplantsareabletoabsorbcarbondioxideandemitoxygen,whichhelpslowertheconcentrationofharmfulgasesintheair.（第二段第二句）拆分：①主句：Treesandplantsareabletoabsorbcarbondioxideandemitoxygen（树木和植物可以吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气）；②非限制性定语从句：whichhelpslowertheconcentrationofharmfulgasesintheair（which指代前文内容，意为“这有助于降低空气中有害气体的浓度”）。释义：树木和植物可以吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气，这有助于降低空气中有害气体的浓度。Passage6环保类·全球塑料污染治理新方案出处：NationalGeographic（《国家地理》）Plasticpollutionhasbecomeoneofthemosturgentenvironmentalproblemsintheworld.Everyyear,hundredsofmillionsoftonsofplasticareproducedworldwide,andalargepartofthemeventuallyentersoceans,riversandsoil,causingseriousdamagetoecosystemsandhumanhealth.Traditionalplasticwastetreatmentmethods,suchaslandfillsandburning,canhardlysolvetheproblemfundamentally,andmayevenleadtosecondarypollution.Inrecentyears,countriesaroundtheworldhavetakenactivemeasurestofightagainstplasticpollution.Manygovernmentshavepassedlawstolimitorbansingle-useplastics,includingplasticbags,strawsanddisposabletableware.Somecompanieshavestartedtousebiodegradablematerialsinsteadoftraditionalplasticstodevelopenvironmentallyfriendlyproducts.Inaddition,advancedtechnologiessuchaschemicalrecyclingandplasticupcyclingarebeingdeveloped,whichcanturnwasteplasticintohigh-valueproducts.Publicawarenessofplasticreductionisalsorisingrapidly.Moreandmorepeoplechoosetotakereusablebags,bottlesandcontainersindailylife,refusingunnecessaryplasticproducts.Environmentalorganizationsareactivelypromotingzero-wastelifestylesandcallingonthewholesocietytojoinintheactionofprotectingtheearth.However,theglobalfightagainstplasticpollutionstillfacesgreatchallenges.Theproductionofplasticsisstillincreasinginsomeareas,andtherecyclingsystemisnotperfec