博大考神2010职称英语考试培训软件-过关综合类A级别阅读判断

2003年职称英语考试真题主题面：PrinciplesofGoverningPersuasionIfleadershipconsistsofgettingthingdonethroughothers,thenpersuasionisoneoftheleader'sessentialtools.Manyexecutiveshaveassumedthatthistoolisbeyondtheirgrasp,availableonlytothecharismatic(有魅力的)andtheeloquent.Overthepastseveraldecades,though,experimentalpsychologistshavelearnedwhichmethodsreliablyleadpeopletoconcede,comply,orchange.Theirresearchshowsthatpersuasionisgovernedbyseveralprinciplesthatcanbetaughtandapplied.Thefirstprincipleisthatpeoplearemorelikelytofollowsomeonewhoissimilartothemthansomeonewhoisnot.Wisemanagers,then,askpeerstohelpmaketheircases.Second,peoplearemorewillingtocooperatewiththosewhoarenotonlylikethembutwholikethem,aswell.Soit'sworththetimetouncoverrealsimilaritiesandoffergenuinepraise.Third,experimentsconfirmtheintuitivetruththatpeopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreatthem.It'ssoundpolicytodoafavorbeforeseekingone.Fourth,individualsaremorelikelytokeeppromisestheymakevoluntarilyandclearly.Themessageformanagershereistogetcommitmentsinwriting.Fifth,studiesshowthatpeoplereallydodeferto(服从)experts.Sobeforetheyattempttoexertinfluence,executivesshouldtakepainstoestablishtheirownexpertiseandnotassumethatit'sself-evident.Finally,peoplewantmoreofacommoditywhenit'sscarce;itfollows,then,thatexclusiveinformationismorepersuasivethanwidelyavailabledata.题面：16Experimentshaveconfirmedtheassumptionofmanyexecutives.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：B解析：阅读原文第一段，讲述许多管理人员认为能劝服别人这种能力只属于那些魅力和有辩才的人，但是实验心理学家证实劝服是否成功也是靠几条原则来决定的。而本句意为：实验证实了许多管理人员的假设。答案为B。题面：17Peoplearemorelikelytocooperatewiththosewholikethem.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：A解析：阅读原文第二段可以得知，人们更容易随着他们和他们相似的人行动，除去这一点，人们还愿意与喜欢自己的人合作。本句中like无论是"喜欢"还是"像，相似"，句子表达的意思均与原文相符。答案为A。题面：18Managersdonotemploythosewhoarequitedifferentfromthem.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：C解析：这个句子意思是：经理们不会聘用与自己非常不同的雇员。这篇文章里没有讲到招聘的情况，正确答案为C。题面：19Thereisnoneedforamanagertofindoutthemeritsofhisemployees.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：B解析：阅读原文第二段最后一句话：所以说值得花时间去发现一些自己与员工真正的相似之处，并且诚恳地加以赞扬。而这句话中的merit意为优点，句子是说：经理没有必要去发现员工的优点，答案为B。题面：20Experimentshaveshownthat,contrarytoourexpectation,peopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreatthem.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：B解析：阅读第三段第一句，讲述：实验证实了一个人们普遍持有的真理：你怎么对待别人，别人一般也会同样的对待你。而这个句子中的：contrarytoourexpectation意思是：与我们的想法相反，整句意为：实验表明，与我们的想法相反，你怎么对待别人，别人一般也会同样的对待你。与短文表达的意思部分不符，正确答案为B。题面：21Thereareasmanywisemanagersastherearestupidones.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：C解析：句子意为：世界上聪明的经理和愚蠢的一样多。这个问题文中没有提到过。正确答案为C。题面：22Exclusiveinformationismorepersuasivethanwidelyknowndata.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：A解析：句子意为：独家消息比大家都知道的信息更有说服力。与原文最后一句陈述意思相同：越是稀少的东西，人们占有欲就越强，同样的，越是新奇的消息越有说服力。2004年职称英语考试真题主题面：WinnersandLosersWhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeoftradeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc(集团)andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongtradingtradition,latelyreinvigorated(给以新的活力)bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecountriesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrastructure(基础结构);manycountrieshavelittletotradebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincountrieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990striedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andalladequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMFtheWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate,ownedindustrialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs(寡头政治集团成员),who,knowinghowunstableconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incontrast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircountriesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingstablecivilsocieties,liberalizingtradeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.题面：16Japanhasalongtradingtradition.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：A解析：句子意为：日本有悠久的贸易历史，答案为A。第一段中的一句话：EastAsiahasalongtradingtradition．EastAsia是指东亚国家，包括日本。所以题目正确。题面：17RussiawaswronglyguidedbytheIMF.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：A解析：句子意为：俄国曾被国际货币基金组织误导，答案为A。根据陈述中的IMF，阅读文章第二段，开始两句意为：有些国家常常在国际货币基金组织(IMF)的压力下，采取了错误的政策，俄罗斯就是这些国家中的一个。题面：18AllAfricancountriesfollowedtheIMFformula．A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：B解析：句子意为：所有非洲国家都遵循基金组织的模式，与原文意思不符，答案为B。在文章的最后一段提到了一些因为没有按照IMF的模式去发展而获得成功的例子，其中提到两个非洲国家Botswana和Uganda，因而说所有非洲国家都采纳IMF模式的说法是不对的。题面：19TheSovietUnionwasacapitalistcountry.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：B解析：句子意为：苏联是一个资本主义国家，与原文意思不符，答案为B。第一段里有句话：TheSovietUnion，ontheotherhand，wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years．这句话意为：另外苏联70多年没有实行市场经济。70多年不搞市场经济的国家自然不会是资本主义国家。free意为自由的，market是市场，开放、自由的市场是指市场经济。题面：20Australiaisoneofthebiggestwinnersfromglobalization．A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：C解析：句子意为：澳大利亚是全球化最大的一个获利者，原文中没有提到澳大利亚，答案为C。题面：21ChinadidnottakeIMFadvice．A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：A解析：句子意为：中国没有听从IMF的劝告。答案为A。文章最后一段的第一句话:Incontrast，China，thebiggest，winnerfromglobalization，didnotfollowtheIMFformula．即中国没有按照IMF的建议去做。takeadvice是固定短语，意为征求意见，请教。题面：22ManyhighofficialsinRussiahavemuchbenefitedfromprivatization．A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：C解析：句子意为：俄国许多高级官员从私有化中获利颇丰，阅读原文，第二段提到了俄国搞私有化，但并没有提到官员从中获利，答案为C。2005年职称英语考试真题主题面：GoingBacktoItsBirthplaceNosportingeventtakesholdoftheworld'sattentionandimaginationliketheOlympicGames.ThefootballworldCupfascinatesfansinEuropeandSouthAmerica;baseball'sWorldSeriesisrequiredviewinginNorthAmerica;andtheworldtableTennisChampionshipsattractsthemostinterestinAsia.ButtheOlympicsbelongtothewholeworld.Now,aftertravellingto17countriesover108years,thesummerGamesarereturningtoAthens,theplacewherethefirstmodernOlympicswasheld.ParticipationintheGamesislookedonnotonlyasanachievement,butalsoasanhonour.The16daysbetweenAugust13and29willseearecord202countriescompete,upfromSydney's199.Afghanistanisback,havingbeenbannedfromSydneybecausetheTalibangovernmentdidn'tletwomendosports.ThereisalsoaplacefornewcomersEastTimerandKiribati.Atotalof10,500athleteswillcompetein28sports,watchedby5.3millionticket-payingviewersaswellasatelevisionaudienceof4billion.AthensistouseitsrichhistoryandculturetomaketheOlympicsasspecialaspossible.TheGameswillopenwithcyclingeventswhichstartinfrontoftheParthenonandAcropolismonuments.Thefinaleventwillbeahistoricmen'smarathonfollowingtheoriginalrouterunbyPhidippidesin490BCtobringnewsofvictoryoverthePersians.TheancientstadiumatOlympia,firstusedfortheGamesnearlythreecenturiesago,willstagetheshotputcompetitions.AndthePanathenianStadium,wherethefirstmodernOlympicswasheld,istohostthearchery(射箭)events.Ifthewell-knownancientsitesdeliveragreatsenseofhistorytotheGames,the39newvenuesaddamodemtouchtothecityofAthens.ThemainOlympicstadium,withagiantglassandsteelroof,isthelandmark(标志)buildingoftheOlympics."Webelievethatwewillorganizea'magical'Games."saidAthens2004PresidentGiannaAngelopoulos—Daskalaki."OurhistorywiththeOlympicGainesgoesbacknearly3,000years,andAthens2004couldbethebestever."题面：16TheWorldTableTennisChampionshipsattractsthemostinterestinAsiancountries.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：A解析：此题是根据第一段的最后一部分编写的,基本上保持了最后一个分句,只是把Asia(亚洲)改成了Asiancountries(亚洲国家)，意思都是相同的。所以题目正确。题面：17ParticipationintheOlympicsGamesislookeduponasanhonoraswellasanachievement.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：A解析：此题是根据第三段的第一个句子编写的,只是用...aswellas...重写这个句子。注意...aswellas...强调的是前面部分,notonly...butalso...强调的是butalso引起的部分。题目和原文意思相同。题面：18Manystateleaderswillattendtheopeningceremony.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：C解析：该题：许多国家领导人会参加开幕式。但是文章没有提到。题面：19Gameswillopenwithcyclingeventsbecausetheseeventswilltakeholdoftheworld'sattention.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：C解析：该题：奥林匹克运动会以自行车比赛开始,原因是自行车比赛会吸引世界的注意。"奥林匹克运动会以自行车比赛开始"在第五段中是可以找到的,但这样的安排是"自行车比赛会吸引世界的注意"文章并没有说。题面：20ThefirstmodernOlympicswasheldnearlythreecenturiesago.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：B解析：该题：第一届现代奥林匹克运动会是在三个世纪前举行的。倒数第三段第一个句子这么说：位于奥林匹亚的、差不多在三世纪前最早用于举行奥林匹克运动会的古运动场将用于举行铅球比赛。这是最早举行奥林匹克运动会的地方,但不是举行第一届现代奥林匹克运动会的地方。该段的最后一句话还有进一步的提示。所以题目与原文不符，错误。题面：21ThePanathenianStadiumisthelandmarkbuildingofOlympics.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：B解析：该题：雅典体育场是奥林匹克运动会的地标性建筑。倒数第二段说：大玻璃、钢屋顶的奥林匹克主体育馆是奥林匹克运动会的地标性建筑。可见,这不符合事实。题面：22Athens2004hasbeenproventobethebestOlympicGames.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：C解析：该题：2004年雅典奥林匹克运动会已证明是开得最好的奥林匹克运动。从最后一句话可以知道04年的奥运会还没有开办。所以题目未提及。2006年职称英语考试真题主题面：FairyTalesforAlltheWorldThisyear,theworldismarkingthe200thanniversaryofDanishauthorHansChristianAndersenwithawiderangeofevents.Andersen'staleshaveattractedmillionsofreadersformorethanacentury.Theycontinuetobeamongthebest-knownworksofworldliterature."TheUglyDuckling(小鸭)"and"TheLittleMermaid(美人鱼)"areamongthemostfamous.HewasbornonApril2,1805,intheslumsofOdense,DenmarkHisfatherdiedwhenhewas11.Hewasforcedtogotowork,firstasanapprenticetoaweaverandtailorandtheninatobaccofactory.Attheageof14,hemovedtoCopenhagentotryacareerasasinger,dancerandactor.Hesanginaboy'schoir(合唱团),buthemadeverylittlemoney.Healsotriedtheballet,buthisawkwardnessmadethisimpossible.Finally,whenhewas17,JonasCollin,adirectoroftheRoyalTheatreinCopenhagendiscoveredAndersen.AfterhearingAndersenreadaplay,Collinrealizedthathehadtalent.AndhegotmoneyfromthekingforAndersen'seducation.In1828,AndersenpassedtheentranceexaminationstotheuniversityinCopenhagen.Hiswritingswerefirstpublishedin1829.In1833,hereceivedgrantmoneyfortravel,whichheusedtovisitGermany,France,Switzerland,andItaly.Thesejourneyswererecordedinhistravelogues(旅行见闻).In1835,Andersenpublished"FairyTalesforChildren,"whichcontainedfourshortstories.Heeventuallywrotearound168fairytales.Theyachievedsuccessinhislife-timeandwerewidelypublishedandtranslated.Unhappinessalsofounditswayintomanyofhistaleswhichwerenotmeantmerelyforchildrenbutforadultsaswell.Heusedverysimplelanguageandstyletodisguisethemoralteachingsofhistales.Andersenalsowrotenovels,playsandpoems.HediedathishomeinRolighedonAugust4,1875.题面：16AndersendiedonApril4,1875.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：B解析：题目：安徒生死于1875年4月4日。根据文章最后一句"HediedathishomeinRolighedonAugust4,1875."我们知道，安徒生死于1875年8月4日，而不是4月4日。因此本题应选B。题面：17ChinesechildrenareparticularlyfondofAndersen'stales.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：C解析：题目：中国的孩子尤其喜欢安徒生童话。文中提到安徒生童话很受欢迎，但没有提到中国。所以题目未提及，此题应选C。题面：18Andersenwasnotagoodballetdancer.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：A解析：题目：安徒生不是一个优秀的芭蕾舞演员。第四段最后一句"Healsotriedtheballet,buthisawkwardnessmadethisimpossible."说"他也曾尝试过芭蕾，但他那笨拙的动作让这成了不可能"。由此我们可以知道他根本不擅长芭蕾，因此正确答案应选A。题面：19CollinmanagedtogetmoneyforAndersentoreceivemoreeducation.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：A解析：题目：Collin给安徒生筹了钱，让他去接受更多的教育。根据第五段最后一句"AndhegotmoneyfromthekingforAndersen'seducation."我们可以明显地看出，Collin是从国王那里筹到了安徒生的受教育费用。因此正确答案应选A。题面：20Andersen'sfairytalesdidn'tachievesuccessuntilafterhedied.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：B解析：题目：安徒生的童话是在他死后才获得成功的。由第六段最后一句"Theyachievedsuccessinhislife-timeandwerewidelypublishedandtranslated."结合前两句说明，安徒生的作品在生前就获得了成功，并且广为流传。因此正确答案应选B。题面：21Andersen'stalesnotonlytellstoriesbutalsoteachmorallessons.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：A解析：题目：安徒生童话不仅仅是在讲故事，同时也是在上德育课。由第七段的内容可以知道，安徒生童话不仅是给孩子看的，也是给成人看的，在他简单的语言、简朴的风格之下隐藏着道德寓意。因此正确答案应选A。题面：22Andersen'snovels,playsandpoemsarenotwell-known.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：C解析：题目：安徒生的小说、戏剧、诗歌都不著名。文中最后一段有提到"安徒生除了写童话故事外，还写小说、戏剧、诗歌"，至于这些作品是否著名，文中并未提及。因此正确答案应选C。2007年职称英语考试真题主题面：CreatingaWorldwithoutSmokingSmokingwillbebannedinallpubs,clubsandworkplacesfromnextyearafterhistoricvotesintheCommonslastnight.Afterlast-minuteappealsfromhealthcampaigners,MPsoptedforablanketprohibitionwhichwillstartinsummer2007,endingmonthsofargumentoverwhethersmokersshouldbebarredinpubsandrestaurantsonly.Theyvotedtobansmokinginallpubsandclubsby384to184,asurprisinglylargemajorityof200.Smokingwillstillbeallowedinthehomeandinplacesconsideredtobehomes,suchasprisons,carehomesandhotels.Smokerslightingupinbannedareaswillfaceafixedpenalitynoticeof￡50andspotfinesof￡200willbeintroducedforfailingtodisplayno-smokingsigns,withthepossiblepenalty,iftheissuegoestocourt,increasingto￡1000.CarplineFlint,thePublicHealthMinister,alsoannouncedthatthefineforfailingtostoppeoplesmokinginbannedareaswouldbeincreasedto￡2,500--morethantentimesthe￡200originallyproposed.TheBillalsoallowstheGovernmenttoincreasetheageforbuyingcigarettes.Ministerswillconsultonraisingitfrom16to18.TheBillnowgoestotheLordsbutwillbethroughbythesummerrecess.EvenaplantoallowsmokingtocontinueinprivateclubswasthrownoutasMPsonallsidesweregivenpermissiontovotewiththeirconscienceratherthanonapartyline．PatriciaHewitt,theHealthSecretarysaidtheHealthBillwouldbansmokingin"virtuallyeveryenclosedpublicplaceandworkplace"inEnglandandsavethousandsoflivesayear.Smoke-freeworkplacesandpublicplaces"willbecomethenorm".Shesaid:"Anadditional600,000peoplewillgiveupsmokingasaresultofthislawandmillionsmorewillbeprotectedfromsecond-handsmoke."PeterHollins,director-generaloftheBritishHeartFoundation,said:"Thevoteisalandmarkvictoryforthepublichealthofthiscountryandwillsavethelivesofmanypeople."题面：16Abanonsmokinginallpubs,clubsandworkplaceswillbegininsummer2007.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：A解析：题目：一项关于在所有酒吧和工作场合禁止吸烟的法律即将在2007年夏天实行。第一段第一句说"一项关于在酒吧，和工作场合禁止吸烟的规定昨天晚上已经通过了投票"。第二句提到即将在2007年夏天实行。因此题目与原文符合，正确。题面：17Thelawdoesn'tseemtoapplytoofficials.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：B解析：题目：这项法律并不适用于官员。文中没提到是否适用于官员，但文中说到所有的公共场合都禁止。从这项范围来看，官员也是适用于的。所以本题错误。题面：18Onecanneverthelesssmokeathome.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：A解析：题目：人们还是可以在家里抽烟。第二段第一句说"法律还是允许人们在家里或可以当作家里的地方抽烟"。题目与原文相符，正确。题面：19ThereisapossibilityfortheGovernmenttoraisetheageforbuyingcigarettes.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：A解析：题目：政府有可能提高香烟购买的年龄限制。第五段提到说"这项规定也允许政府提高香烟购买的年龄限制"。题目与原文符合，正确。题面：20TheGovernmentwillshutdowncigarettefactoriesinlargenumbers.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：C解析：题目：政府会关闭大量的香烟制造厂。文中没有提到cigarettefactories，因此题目未提及。题面：21TheGovernmentwilldefinitelyimposeamuchheaviertaxontobacco.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：C解析：题目：政府会对加重烟草税的税收。文中没有提到税收的问题，所以题目未提及。题面：22TheGovernmentwilltakenecessarymeasurestohelpsmokersgiveupsmoking.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案：C解析：题目：政府会采取必要的措施来帮助人们戒烟。文中没有提到戒烟的事情。所以题目未提及。2008年职称英语考试真题主题面：WhatIsGlobalization?Itwastheanti-globalizationmovementthatreallyputglobalizationonthemap.Asawordithasexistedsincethe1960s,buttheprotestsagainstthisallegedlynewprocess,whichitsopponentscondemnasawayoforderingpeople'slives,broughtglobalizationoutofthefinancialandacademicworldsandintoeverydaycurrentaffairs.Inthelate1980sandearly1990s,thebusinessmodelcalledthe"globalized"financialmarketcametobeseenasanentitythatcouldhavemorethanjustaneconomicimpactonthepartsoftheworldittouched.Globalizationcametobeseenasmorethansimplyawayofdoingbusiness,orrunningfinancialmarkets--itbecameaprocess.Fromthenonthewordtookonalifeofitsown.Sohowdoestheglobalizedmarketwork?Itismoderncommunicationsthatmakeitpossible;fortheBritishservicesectortodealwithitscustomersthroughacallcentreinIndia,orforasportswear(运动服)manufacturertodesignitsproductsinEurope,maketheminsoutheastAsiaandselltheminnorthAmerica.Butthisiswheretheanti-globalizationsidegetsstuckin(关注).Ifthesepracticesreplacedomesticeconomiclifewithaneconomythatisheavilyinfluencedorcontrolledfromoverseas.thenthecreationofaglobalizedeconomicmodelandtheprocessofglobalizationcanalsobeseenasasurrenderofpowertothecorporations,orameansofkeepingpoorernationsintheirplace.Noteveryoneagreesthatglobalizationisnecessarilyevil,orthatglobalizedcorporationsar