上海市杨浦区高三上学期模拟质量调研（一模）英语试卷（原卷版）

杨浦区2025学年度第一学期高三年级模拟质量调研英语学科考生注意：1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。I.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.DehorningRhinos(犀牛)HelpsSaveThemAccordingtonewresearch,cuttingoffrhinos’hornsreducesthepoaching(偷猎)oftheanimalsbynearly80%.Rhinosarehuntedfortheirhorns,andscientiststhinktherearenowfewerthan28,000rhinos____1____(leave)intheworld.AteamofresearchersstudieddifferentrhinoprotectionmethodsusedinGreaterKrugerNationalPark,SouthAfrica,between2017and2023.About25%ofAfrica’srhinopopulationlivesinGreaterKruger,andtheresearcherswantedtofindout____2____methodsworkedwell.Theprotectionmethods____3____studiedincludedusingdetectioncameras,trackingdogs,helicopters,andguardstokeepaneyeoutforpoachers.Morethan700poacherswerearrested,buttheresearchersfoundthat____4____(arrest)theillegalhuntersdidn’tsignificantlyreducethenumberofrhinosthatwerekilled.____5____(call)themethod“dehorning”,theresearchersarenowcuttingofftherhinos’hornsinanattempttoprotectthem.Thisdoesn’thurttheanimalsbecausetheirhornsaremadeofkeratin,thesamesubstancethat____6____(make)uphumanhairandfingernails.Thehornscangrowbackovertime,sotheaveragerhinoneedstobedehornedevery18months____7____twoyears.Theresearchersfoundthatdehorningreducedpoachingby78%.Whiledehorningrhinoscansavetheanimals’lives,anotherstudydiscoveredthatthemethodchangestheirbehavior.Itfoundthatdehornedrhinosare____8____(likely)togetinvolvedinsocialinteractionswithotherrhinos,andtheareatheychoosetocoverastheywanderismuchsmaller.Scientiststhinkthat____9____rhinosusetheirhornsinbattlestoprotecttheirterritory,withoutahorntheymaybeemorecarefulandavoidconflicts.Researchersmaintainthataddressingtherootcausesofillegalhunting____10____bethetoppriorityforalongtermsolution,insteadofdehorningrhinos.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.challengedB.shapesC.raisingD.projectionsE.separatedF.coreG.autonomousH.buildingI.imperfectJ.perceivedK.clarityDoINeedtoParentMyOnlyChildinaDifferentWay?Q:Ihaveanonlychild,andpeopleoftenmentaboutthembeingatriskofbeingspoiled,selfish,orunabletosocialize.NowI’mworryingabouthowIcanmakesureIamraisingmychildintherightway.A:Firstly,IwanttosayIamdeeplysorrythatanyonewouldmakesuchments.Theseideasabout“who”yourchildmaybeare____11____ofthatperson’sanxietiesanddisfort,andaresadlyignorant.Britishconcernsaboutonlychildren’ssocialdevelopmentemergedin1850,linkingtheir____12____spoilingtoinsufficientpeerinteractionandextremelyhighadultcontactthroughoutthe19th20thcenturies.Recentresearchhas____13____theseassumptionsandshowntherearenosignificantdifferencesbetweenchildrenwhohavesiblings(兄弟姐妹)andthosewhodon’t.Infact,somestudiesreportthatonlychildrenmaybemoreconfident,emotionallystrong,andhaveabetterqualityoflife.Butthesefindingscannotbe____14____fromtheconofmostofthisresearchtakingplacewithinmiddleclassfamilies.Whatwecansaywith____15____isthatonlychildrenaremuchmorelikeotherchildren(whohavesiblings)thantheyaredifferent.Thetruthis,it’snotthenumberofsiblingsachildhasthat____16____themintotheadulttheybee.Theirrelationshipwiththeirparentsactuallyhasthegreatestinfluenceontheirdevelopment.So,ifyouwanttoraiseyourchildwell,keepfocusingontherelationshipyouare____17____withthem,andgetcuriousaboutwhotheyareandwhattheyaretryingtomunicateandexpress.Learntoacceptyourmistakesasaparentandofferyourchildrepairwhenyougetthingswrong.Parentingismessy,and____18____yourchildrightisgoingtolookdifferentforeveryone,butatthe____19____ofeverythingyoudoisloveforyourchild.Love,however,is____20____,soletgoofthepressuretogetit“right”ortoparentyourchilddifferentlybecausetheydon’thavesiblingsand,instead,enjoytheparentingjourneywiththem.II.ReadingprehensionSectionAD.Fillions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.FillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitstheconheSunkCostEffectIneconomics,thesunkcosteffectisinfamous.Itoccurswheneverwedoubledownon____21____financialdecisionsbasedonpastinvestmentsthatcan’tberecovered.MarketingprofessorChristopherOlivolapointstoafewwaysthatthesunkcosteffectistiedtoyourwallet.Youmightsitthroughtheentiretyofamoviethatyou____22____fromthebeginning,forinstance,ifonlytojustifythecostoftheticket.Similarly,youmight____23____hittingthegym,evenaftersustainingapainfulinjury,ifyourexpensivemembershipisnonrefundable.“Butwhatishappeninginallthesesituationsisthatyou’renotreallygettingbackthatmoneyorwhateveritisyouinvested,”‌saysOlivola.“That’spartofwhyit’snot____24____.”Thesunkcosteffectcanplayout____25____too.Researchershavetiedthesamefaultyreasoningtoongoinginvestmentsinfossilfuels,despiteincreasinglyavailableenergy____26____andalarmingclimatepredictions.The____27____ofthesunkcosteffectisaphenomenonthat’sbeenstudiedtimeandtimeagain.Butresearchersstillhaven’tquite____28____thereasonhumanskeepfallingforit.Basedonhisownresearch,Olivolatendsto____29____ourdesiretoreducewaste.‌“Wedisliketoseeourselvesorothersaswasteful,”hesays.Anotherpossiblereason?Wetendtoopenupamental‌“bankaccount”wheneverweinvestmoney,time,oreffortintosomething,hesays.Subsequently,theonlywaywecanthen“close”thisaccountisbygettingour____30____money’sworth.Incertaincircumstances,thesunkcosteffectcouldactuallyhelpyouachievemajor____31____likebeingmorefitorfinishingadegree.Butifyoufindyourself____32____topastdecisionsyoucan’tchange,thesunkcosteffectisnolongerbeneficial.How,then,doweoverethismindset?Whenitesto____33____theeffort,time,ormoneyothershaveinvestedinus,it’simportanttorememberthatourfriendsandfamilymembersdon’tactuallywantustosufferattheirexpense.Don’tfeeltoobadifyoustillfindyourself____34____.EvenforOlivola,whohasspentmorethantwodecadesstudyingthesesortsofthings,thesunkcostphenomenoncanstillbe____35____.“So,youknow,ifyoucanovereit,you’rebetterthanme,”headds.21.A.poor B.emotional C.wise D.hesitant22.A.enjoyed B.hated C.reviewed D.followed23.A.postpone B.avoid C.continue D.imagine24.A.natural B.primitive C.formal D.logical25.A.onalargerscale B.fromamoreacademicangle C.onamoreregularbasis D.withgreaterintensity26.A.statistics B.alternatives C.consumptions D.reserves27.A.economics B.psychology C.physiology D.history28.A.respondedto B.putforward C.reflectedon D.pinneddown29.A.control B.analyze C.exploit D.blame30.A.private B.foreign C.symbolic D.real31.A.discoveries B.goals C.reforms D.victories32.A.anchored B.opposed C.directed D.applied33.A.honoring B.defining C.ignoring D.regretting34.A.marching B.changing C.losing D.struggling35.A.impersonal B.inferior C.irresistible D.irreplaceableSectionBpassages.Eachstatements.ForD.Chooseepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)KathyXuhadalwayswantedtoseeasharkinthewild.Theopportunityfinallycamein2011,whenshewentonasnorkellingtrip(浮潜之旅).Notonlywasshenotscaredofthewhaleshark,thethen29yearoldwassoinspiredbyitsbeautyandgracethattearssprangtohereyesinsidehersnorkelmask.AfterreturninghometoSingaporeXulearnedaboutthesharktradetakingplaceatoneofIndonesia’slargestfishmarkets,wheresharkpartsincludingmeatandteetharecutupforexport,withthefinsbeingthemostprized.Curious,XupackedherbagsandheadedtoTanjungLuar,ontheislandofLombok.There,shespokewithseveralfishermen.Sharkfishingisriskyandinvolveshardphysicalwork,butitisoneofthefewwaysforthemtoprovidefortheirfamilies.Thefishermenwereknowledgeableandfeltagreatsenseofprideforthelocalsealife.OncetheyheardthatXulikedtosnorkel,theyurgedhertovisitthecoralreefs(珊瑚礁)nearthefishmarket.Thereefswerebreathtaking,overflowingwithlifeandcolour.Xuwasconfidentthatecotourismwasthesolution.“ItoldthemI'dpaythemtotaketouristsouttoseethesesnorkellinghotspots,”shesays.Inlate2012,XuquitherfulltimeteachingjobtofocusonbuildingTheDorsalEffect.Inlate2013,TheDorsalEffectlauncheditsfirstboattrip.Snorkellerspaid＄120foraonedayexcursiontoexploreplacesthatthelocalfishermenknowaboutbutcouldnotbefoundonaGooglesearch.Itprovidesamuchmorereliableineforthefishermenthantheunstableandoftendangerousjobofsharkfishing.Fornow,Xu,41,isproudofthesmallchangessheseeshappeningonLombok,fromthefishermenwhonowhaveanewwaytoearnaninetotheschoolchildrenwholearnaboutsharksontourswithTheDorsalEffect.Inthepastdecade,globaldemandforsharkfinshasdeclined—apromisingresultofconservationcampaigns—butstrictergovernmentregulationisneeded.36.HowdidKathyXufeelthefirsttimeshesawasharkinthewild?A.Scared. B.Curious. C.Sad. D.Moved.37.WhatwasspecialaboutthesnorkelingsitesofferedbyXu'steam?A.Theywereonlyaccessibletoexperienceddivers.B.Theywerepopulardestinationslistedontravelwebsites.CTheywereexclusivelocationsknownonlytolocalfishermen.D.Theywereprotectedareaswithrestrictedaccess.38.WhatcanbelearnedaboutTheDorsalEffect?A.Itisprimarilyfocusedonprovidingentertainmentfortourists.B.Itprovidesamorereliableineforlocalfishermen.C.Ithassuccessfullyeliminatedthedemandforsharkfins.D.Itwasfundedbyaformerschoolteachertofocusonconservation.39.Themainideaofthepassagecanbeconcludedas_________.A.anecofriendlywayoflivingforfishermenworldwideB.aninnovativeecotourismventuretohelptacklesharkfishingC.apersonaljourneyfromawatersportenthusiasttoamarineresearcherD.asuccessfulbusinessmodeltobineconservationwitheducation(B)ASKUSANYTHINGHowdoyougrowplantsinthedark?Plantsarecrucialtohumansurvival,evenwhenthere’snosunlight.ButdealingwithdarknessissecondnatureforsomeonelikeHowardLevine,chiefscientistforNASA’sISSResearchOffice.Spacemightbeanextremeexample,butenclosed,darkhabitaonthegroundtoo.Keepingyourhouseplantsaliveinwindowlessroomsorduringshortwinterdayscanbeachallenge.Luckily,therearestrategieestohelp,evenwhentheirsunnysourceofenergyislimited.MiniindoorgreenhousesDarknessusuallymeansadeclineinnaturalheat.InIceland,horticulturistJamesMcDanielusesgeothermal(地热的)heatinhisgreenhousestoprotecthisplants.Eachofthestructureshasholesbeneaththatstretchdeeptoapocketofsteaming—hotwater,heexplains.“Youcanchannelthatsteamintothepipesthroughthegreenhouseandusenaturalairflowtokeepthetemperatureasetrange.“Butyoudon’tneedvolcanicenergytorunaminiindoorgreenhouse,whichcanbeassimpleasputtingacabinetorshelftogether.Aheatercanaddwarmth,althoughyoumightwanttopairitwithadampnessregulatortokeepfromdryingyourhouseplantsout.Forindividualplants,glasscoverscantrapheatfromlimitedsunlightandalsoenclosewatervapors,whichprotectplantsfromtheairconditionerinthesummerandtheheaterinthewinter.GrowlightsPlantgrowlightsprovideaneasyandaccessibleenergyboostindarkspaces.Thesespecializedlightrayshavedifferentfeatures,colors,andprices.LEDs,forinstance,arethecheapestandmostenergyefficientoption,usingaboutathirdoftheelectricityofoldlightbulbs.Whilemostdevicessticktoawarmwhiteband,plantsresponddifferentlytovariouscolorwavelengths.InLevine’sexperimentsonEarth,redlightworkedwellforthethinfloweringplantsArabidopsis.ButintheISS’sweightlessenvironment,theystretchedintofunnyshapesuntilhestartedaddingbluelights.BrightsurfacesIfelectricityisalimitingfactor,youcantrytoreflectlightwithmirrors.Evenbrighteningupyourspacewithwhitedecor,likealightcoloredtablecloth,willcastalittleglowontoyourplants.Themakeupofyourindoorgardenwilldictatehowmuchbrightnessyouneedtoadd,Levineexplains.SomeplantsincludinglettuceandtomatoesneedmorelightthanthoselikeArabidopsis.Therefore,researchtheplants’nativerangestolearnhowmuchsunshinethey’dnaturallyget.40.Ifagardenerisplanningtosetupaminiindoorgreenhouseinaroomwithlimitedsunlight,whichofthefollowingsetupswouldbemosteffectiveformaintainingasuitableenvironmentforplantgrowth?AAcabinetwithaheaterandadampnessregulator.B.Ashelfwithglasscoversfornaturalairflow.C.Agreenhousewithholesconnectedtoageothermalheatsource.D.Agreenhousewithsteampipesforcontrollingvolcanicenergy.41.Theprimarypurposeofusinggrowlightsforplantsindarkenvironmentsis_________A.toprovideadditionalheatB.tocreateadecorativeeffectC.tosupplyenergythroughlightD.toabsorblightusingspecialdevices42.Accordingtothearticle,whichmethodmayworkwellforreflectinglighttohelpplantsgrow?AUsingdarkcoloredtablecloths.B.Paintingwallswhite.C.ReplacinglightbulbswithLEDlamps.D.Removingmirrorsfromthegarden.(C)Whenafireatasupplier’sfactoryforcedatemporaryshutdownattheplantofalargeEuropeanmanufacturerofconsumergoods,TimSchweisfurthandhiscolleaguesattheTechnicalUniversityofMunichfoundasurprisingupside:Theidleness(闲散)ledtoanoutpouringofideasforimprovements.Theconclusion:UnexpectedInterruptionsCanBoostCreativity.Wediscoveredthiswhenwelookedattheonlinesystemthepanyusedtocollectplantworkers’ideasandsuggestions.Peoplecouldentersubmissionswhenevertheywereonsite.Someproposedsmallchanges,likereplacingworntools;others,majorones,suchasanewpaintorderingsystemthatsavedthefirm€280,000ayear.The8,500employeesinthepartoftheplantthatshutdownweresenthomeforfourdays.Inthethreeweeksaftertheyreturnedtowork,theyproduced58%moreideasthanuninterruptedemployeesdid.Inaddition,theirideaswerehigherquality:Managersratedtheacceptedsubmissionsanddeterminedthatthosefromsidelinedemployeeswereroughlythreepercentagepointsbetterthanthosefromotherworkers.Wealsostudiedanunexpectedinterruptionattheplantthatdidn’tleadtoidletime:afloodthatrequiredemployeestocleanupthedamage.Thatincidentloweredcreativeperformancebecauseworkershadtoswitchtheirattentiontothenewtask.Asimilarthinghappenswhenyourfocusimmediatelyshiftsafterasocialmediaappbeepstosignalanewpost.Therearemanygoodreasonstotakeavacation,butourresearchdoesn’tsuggestitwillimproveyourcreativityatwork,becauseitwouldn’tbeanunexpectedinterruption.Whenwelookedatathirdkindofinterruptionattheplanendedweekends—wefoundnoincreaseinemployeesuggestionsafterpeoplereturnedtowork.Wethinkthereasonhastodowithsocalledattentionresidue—thesweetspotforcreativity.It’swhenourmindscontinuetothinkoversomethingthat’simportanttousevenafterwe’vemovedontoanotheractivity.Thinkofallthetimesyou’vehadabreakthroughmomentintheshowerorwhilepushingacartaroundthegrocerystore.Thoseinsightsallresultedfromyourbrain’sbehindthescenesperseveration.Whenwedosomethingthatallowsustototallydisengage,suchastakingalongweekendoravacation,wedon’texperiencethesameattentionresidue,sowedon’thavethesamekindsofbreakthroughs.43.Whatdidthestudyfindaboutemployeeswhoexperienceda4dayshutdown?A.Theircreativitydecreasedsignificantly.B.Theysubmittedmostlyminortoolsuggestions.C.Mostoftheirideaswereapprovedbymanagers.D.Theyproducedmoreandbetterideasafterreturning.44.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnconcerningunexpectedinterruptionsbasedonthe_________.A.Idletimehasanegativeimpactonthegenerationofcreativeideas.B.Creativitydependsuponhowmuchattentionremainsontheoriginaltask.C.Creativityisdeterminedbyhowfocusedanindividualpersonis.D.Employeesaremotivatedtobemorecreativeinthefaceofachallenge.45.Theunderlinedwords“attentionresidue”inthelastparagraphmeans_________.A.persistentmentalengagementB.fundamentalspiritualbasisC.temporarypsychologicalrefreshmentD.habitualtaskswitchingroutine46.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostlikelytoboostcreativity?A.Anextendedweekendathome.B.Afivedayplannedtriptoascenicspot.C.Ashort,unexpectedbreakfromwork.D.Anunexpectedworkrelatedassignment.SectionCcarefully.Fillbox.Eachonce.Notecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.AmIBeingTracked?Technologyenablespeopletodomanyextraordinarythings,butitcanalsobemisusedandcauseharm.Fortunately,additionaldevelopmentscancountersomeofthesenegativeusesoftechnology.____47____Bluetoothlocationtrackersweredesignedtohelppeoplerecoverlostitems,suchassuitcasesorwallets.Theycanalsobeplacedincarstohelpapersonfindtheircarifitgetsstolen.Buttheycanalsobeplantedinsomeoneelse’sbagorcarwithoutthatperson’spermissiontotrackthemwithouttheirknowledge.____48____Unfortunately,peoplewhochoosetotrackothersoftenhavebadmotivesthatplacethepeopletheytrackingreatdanger.____49____Butifyoursdoesn’torifyouwanttobeabletodetectmorebrandsoftrackers,youcandownloadappsthatwilldoamorethoroughjob.Trackerdetectionappsnotifythephone’sownerifthephonedetectsatrackerthathasbeennearitforanextendedtime.Thereisoftenadelaybetweenwhenthetrackerisdetectedandwhenthenotificationissent.____50____Forexample,ifsomeonehasatrackerontheirkeyandwalkspastyouinapublicplace,thatwillnottriggeranotification.Butifthetrackerremainsnearyouforawholeday,especiallyifyouaremoving,itisprobablyonsomethingyouown,andtheappwillnotifyyou.Ifyoususpectthatsomeoneistrackingyou,takeactionnowtoavoidapotentiallydangeroussituation.A.Soifyouplaceatrackerinyourownbag,forexample,itwillnotactivatetheapp.B.Bluetoothtrackersaresmall,sovictimsoftrackingseldomfindthemiftheydonotknowtosearchforthem.C.Thatway,iftheymisplacetheobjectthetrackerisattachedto,theycanlookuptheinformationtofinditagain.D.Smartphonescansearchfortrackers,andsomenowhavebuiltinsettingsthatwillsendyouanotificationifyouarebeingtracked.E.Thisisthecasewithtrackingtechnology,whichhasundergonemanyimprovementsinrecentyears.F.Thisismeanttoavoidfalsealarmsincasethetrackerbelongstosomeoneelsewhojusthappenstobenearby.Ⅲ.SummaryWriting51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.TheHappinessProjectWhatwouldyouranswerbeifIweretoaskyouwhatyouwantedfromlife?AuthorGretchenRubinaskedherselfthatquestiononedaywhilesittingintrafficonabus.Aftergivingitsomethought,sherealizedthat,overall,shewantedtobehappy.Ifhappinesswastobehergoal,Rubinrealized,“Timeispassing,andI’mnotfocusingenoughonthethingsthatreallymatter.”Thisconclusionbegana12monthmitmenttodiscoverwhatwouldaddmorehappinesstoherlife.ThejourneyresultedinRubin’sNewYorkTimesbestsellingbookTheHappinessProject.Inanefforttoreachhergoal,shetestednumeroustheoriesonhappiness.Readingthroughphilosophy,science,popularcultureandmore,thewriterchosespecifichabitstoexamineandtrytointegrateintoherlifestyle.Rubin’sbookisdividedinto12chapters,eachhighlightingadifferentmonthandspecificareaoffocus.Inchaptersonethrough11,eachnewfocusorcategoryincludesthreeorfourthingstoworkon.Forinstance,thefirstchapterbeginswithJ