2026年高考英语终极冲刺：压轴题 阅读理解B篇（记叙文）（解析版）

1/10压轴题阅读理解B篇命题重点1.核心定位新高考阅读B篇固定为记叙文，是全卷难度最低、得分最稳的篇目，以故事性、情感性、生活化为核心特征，侧重考查基础信息抓取+简单逻辑理解。2.选材特点主题：人物故事、成长经历、暖心小事、中外文化、志愿活动、生活感悟风格：篇幅适中、语言通俗、长难句少、情节完整、情感正向来源：国外校园/生活短篇、真实人物事迹、文化小故事3.考查重点：理清时间、地点、人物、起因、经过、结果六要素读懂人物情感、态度、性格变化把握故事主旨与作者写作目的（励志、暖心、启示）简单语境猜词、细节定位判断4.命题趋势更贴近中国文化、青年成长、社会正能量推理题轻度加深，需结合情节与情感判断，不直接照搬原文主旨/标题题更侧重故事核心寓意，而非表面情节高频考法细节理解题推理判断题词义猜测题主旨大意题记叙文核心结构（必记）记叙文严格遵循“总—分—总”或“起因—发展—高潮—结局”：1.开头：交代背景、人物、事件起因2.中间：故事发展、冲突、细节、人物行为/对话3.结尾：事件结果、人物感悟、主题升华（主旨必在结尾）二、记叙文的解题技巧1.先题后文，定向定位先读题干，圈出人名、时间、地点、专有名词回文快速扫读定位，细节题原文找同义替换即答案2.抓情感词，秒判态度圈画形容词、副词、对话语气词（happy、sad、surprised、proud等）人物态度/情感题，答案与文中情感词方向一致结尾定主旨，首尾选标题主旨/写作意图：重点看最后一段，抓升华句、感悟句标题归纳：包含核心人物/事件+主题寓意，不选细节、不夸大4.推理判断题三原则忠于原文，不主观脑补答案是原文的合理推断，不是原文原句情感、道理、启示优先于表面情节5.词义猜测看语境看前后句同义/反义、因果、转折关系结合故事场景与人物情感判断记叙文1.（郑州市2026年高中毕业年级第一次质量预测）Onaweeklybasis,Dr.KwaneStewart,avet(兽医),headstoSanDiego’sEastVillagetocareforthedogs,cats,andbirdsthatbelongtothehomelesscommunityinthearea.Stewart’saffectionforanimalswasinspiredbyhisparents.Bytheageofsix,heknewhewantedtobeavet.AftercompletingaveterinaryscienceprograminColorado,heworkedasavetforadecade.In2008,hebecametheheadvetatacounty-runanimalshelterinanareastruckbythefinancialcrisis.There,hewitnessedtheheartbreakingrealityofabandonedpets.Fouryearsintothejob,Stewartfoundhimselfburntout,filledwithguilt,andreadytoquit.Then,onemorningonhiswaytowork,hesawahomelessmanwithadog.Hetreatedthedog’sskincondition,andthetransformationwasremarkable.Thegratefulownersaidtohim,“Thankyoufornotignoringmeandfortreatingmydog.”ThatmomentchangedeverythingforStewart.“ItwasthenthatIdecidedtogetbacktosavinganimals,butonmyownterms,”hesaid.Afewweekslater,Stewartestablishedapop-upveterinaryclinicatasoupkitchen.Whenclientsthereencouragedhimtotakehisservicesfurther,hisnewroleasthe“StreetVet”began.Inadditiontotreatingcommonillnesses,Stewartoffersvaccinations(接种疫苗)andgeneralwellnesschecks,andpromotesfear-freepetcare.Manyofthosehehelpsnotonlyexpressdeepgratefulnessbutalsoformstrongbondswithhim,seeinghimassomeonewhocaresfortheirpetsandacknowledgestheirhumanity.“IdreamthatpeoplefromallovertheworldwillwanttoimitatewhatIdo,”Stewartshared.Currently,he’sbuildinganetworkofvolunteers,technicians,andhospitalstaff.“Thesearepeoplewho’vereachedouttome,inspiredbywhatI’mdoing,asking,'HowcanIdoittoo?’”hesaid.1.WhatcanbeknownaboutStewart’spresentjob?A.Hetakesinabandonedanimals.B.Hemanagesananimalrescuecenter.C.Heisemployedbyascientificprogram.D.Hetendstothepetsofhomelessindividuals.2.WhyisStewart’sworkatthesheltermentioned?A.Tohighlighthisskillsandabilitiesasavet.B.Toshowwhyhedecidedtoshifthiscareerdirection.C.Toillustratewhatthejobmightlooklikeinthefuture.D.Todemonstratethedifficultiesandpressuresofthejob.3.WhatdomanypeoplethinkofStewart?A.Merciful. B.Creative. C.Humble. D.Tolerant.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“imitate”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Feeladmirationfor. B.Becomeawareof. C.Followtheexampleof. D.Showconsiderationfor.【答案】1.D2.B3.A3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了兽医KwaneStewart的经历：他原本在动物收容所工作，因目睹被遗弃宠物的惨状而身心俱疲，后来一次为流浪汉的宠物治病的经历改变了他的职业方向，他开始为无家可归者的宠物提供医疗服务，并希望更多人效仿他的做法。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第1段中“Onaweeklybasis,Dr.KwaneStewart,avet,headstoSanDiego’sEastVillagetocareforthedogs,cats,andbirdsthatbelongtothehomelesscommunityinthearea.(兽医KwaneStewart博士每周都会前往圣地亚哥东村，照顾该地区无家可归者的狗、猫和鸟)”可知，Stewart目前的工作是照料无家可归者的宠物。故选D。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第2段中“There,hewitnessedtheheartbreakingrealityofabandonedpets.Fouryearsintothejob,Stewartfoundhimselfburntout,filledwithguilt,andreadytoquit.(在那里，他目睹了被遗弃宠物令人心碎的现实。工作四年后，Stewart身心俱疲，满心愧疚，准备辞职)”以及第3段中“ThatmomentchangedeverythingforStewart."“twasthenthatIdecidedtogetbacktosavinganimals,butonmyownterms,”hesaid.(那一刻改变了Stewart的一切。他说：“就在那时，我决定重新开始拯救动物，但要用我自己的方式”)”可知，提及他在收容所的工作是为了和后文他转变职业方向的经历呼应，说明他转变职业方向的原因。故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第4段中“Manyofthosehehelpsnotonlyexpressdeepgratefulnessbutalsoformstrongbondswithhim,seeinghimassomeonewhocaresfortheirpetsandacknowledgestheirhumanity.(许多他帮助过的人不仅表达了深深的感激之情，还与他建立了深厚的联系，把他看作一个关心他们宠物、尊重他们人性的人)”可知，人们认为Stewart是富有同情心的。故选A。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据第5段中 Stewart所说的“Idreamthatpeoplefromallovertheworldwillwantto

imitatewhatIdo(我梦想全世界的人都想……我所做的)”和“Currently,he’sbuildinganetworkofvolunteers,technicians,andhospitalstaff.“Thesearepeoplewho’vereachedouttome,inspiredbywhatI’mdoing,asking,'HowcanIdoittoo?’’hesaid.(目前，他正在建立一个由志愿者、技术人员和医院工作人员组成的网络。他说：“这些人受到我所做事情的启发，主动联系我，问我'我也能怎么做呢？”)”可知，这些人是受到鼓舞，想要做和他一样的事。因此“imitate”在此语境中意为“效仿，学习……的榜样”。故选C。2.（长春市2026届高三质量监测一）Hannahwasanadventurousspiritwithanimaginationfarbeyondhertime.Shelovedtoexploreandwouldspendhoursinthewoodslookingfornewthings.Oneafternoon,whenHannahwasononeofheradventurousquests(探险),shecameuponadesertedcottage.Sheslowlyopenedthedoorandwasleftshocked.Infrontofherwasaroomfullofbooks!Hannahtookadeepbreathassherealizedthatshehadfoundahiddentreasure.Sheknewinherheartthatshehadtoreadallofthem,fromwhichshelearnedthepowerofloveandfriendship,andthatthetruestrengthlieswithinone’sownheart!Thelittlegirlwassoinspiredbywhatshehadreadthatshedecidedtosharethetaleswiththepeopleofhervillage.Sheknewitwouldbeadifficultjourneybutshewantedtosharethegoldwitheveryone.Makingthishermission,Hannahstartedtellingtaleseverydayathercottage.Sheaddedherowntouchofcuriosityeverynowandthentodifferentstories,makingthemmoreengaging.Inthestart,onlyherverygoodfriend,Sanuki,andherfamilycametothereadings.Butthewordofherfamoustalesspreadrapidly,drawingmoreandmorepeopletocometothereadings.Seeingtheinterestofherownpeople,Hannahstartedwritingstoriesofherowntoo!Soon,thewordofHannah’sstorytellingspreadtofar-offtowns.Peopletraveledfromdifferentplacestojustlistentoherstories.Hannahhelpedthelostfindtheirdestinedpath.Sheconductedworkshopsinwhichshetaughtherfellowshowtoreadandwrite.Sheremindedeveryonethroughhertalesoftheimportanceofhumanconnection,empathy,andlove.Theoldcottagewasnolongerfadingawayaspeoplefromherownvillagehelpedbuildthecottageagain.Andthus,theforgottentreasurelyinginanoldcottagetransformedintoaworldofinfiniteadventuresandpossibilities.5.WhatastonishedHannahwhensheenteredtheabandonedcottage?A.Thepoorconditionofthecottage. B.Thelargenumberofbooksinside.C.Thedelicatedecorationoftheroom. D.Thehigh-pricedobjectsbeyondherexpectation.6.WhydidHannahaddherownideastothestoriesshetold?A.Toshowherrichimagination. B.Toteachpeopleaboutfriendship.C.Tomakethestoriesmoreattractive. D.Tohelppeoplerememberthetaleseasily.7.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?A.Hannah’sstorytellingbecameincreasinglypopular.B.SanukiwasthefirstpersontotellHannah’stalestoothers.C.PeoplefromfarawaytownscametoHannah’scottagetoreadbooks.D.Hannah’stalesmainlytalkedaboutherownadventurousexperiences.8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Anabandonedcottagewasrebuiltbyavillage.B.Hannahlearnedimportantlifelessonsfrombooks.C.FriendshipplayedanimportantroleinHannah’sstorytelling.D.Hannah’sdevotionbreathednewlifeintothecottageandpeople.【答案】5.B6.C7.A8.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了汉娜发现一间装满书的废弃小屋，受书中内容启发分享故事，不仅让小屋重获生机，也给村民带来积极影响的故事。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Sheslowlyopenedthedoorandwasleftshocked.Infrontofherwasaroomfullofbooks!(她慢慢推开门，震惊不已。她面前是一间装满书的屋子！)”可知，汉娜进入废弃小屋时，屋内大量的书籍让她感到惊讶。故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Sheaddedherowntouchofcuriosityeverynowandthentodifferentstories,makingthemmoreengaging.(她时不时会在不同的故事中加入自己充满好奇的想法，让故事更吸引人)”可知，汉娜在故事中加入自己的想法是为了让故事更有吸引力。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Inthestart,onlyherverygoodfriend,Sanuki,andherfamilycametothereadings.Butthewordofherfamoustalesspreadrapidly,drawingmoreandmorepeopletocometothereadings.(一开始，只有她最好的朋友佐木和她的家人来听她讲故事。但她那些精彩故事的消息迅速传开，吸引了越来越多的人来听她讲故事)”可推知，汉娜的讲故事活动越来越受欢迎。故选A项。【8题详解】主旨大意题。文章围绕汉娜展开，讲述她发现装满书的废弃小屋后，分享故事、教导村民读写，不仅让小屋被重建、重获生机，还滋养了村民的精神世界。结合最后一段“Theoldcottagewasnolongerfadingawayaspeoplefromherownvillagehelpedbuildthecottageagain.Andthus,theforgottentreasurelyinginanoldcottagetransformedintoaworldofinfiniteadventuresandpossibilities.(在村民们的齐心协力下，这座老旧的小屋得以重修，从此重焕生机。就这样，隐匿在这间老宅里的被遗忘的宝藏，摇身一变成为了一个充满无限奇遇与可能的世界)”可知，文章的核心是汉娜的付出为小屋和村民注入了新活力。故选D项。3.（2026年1月浙江省高考英语仿真模拟卷02）SammieVanceknowsitfeelsbadtobeleftout.Soshehasbeenhelpingkidswhofeellonelymakefriends.Sammieis14.Whenshewasinthethirdgrade,shestartedtheBuddyBenchprogram.Thatwasatherschool,inFortWayne,Indiana.Anyonewhofeltlonelycouldsitonthe“buddybench.”Itshowedothersthatsomeoneneededafriend.Thebenchbroughtkidstogether.“Therewasonelittleboyatschool,youngerthanme,”SammietoldTIMEforKids.“Hewouldseemeinthehallwayandgivemeathumbs-up.ThattoldmethatwhatIwasdoinghelpedhim.”Itcostsmoneytobuildbenches.Sammiedecidedtomakethemoutofrecycledmaterials.Thisloweredthecost.Andthebencheswereeco-friendly.Sammiegatheredfriendsinhercommunity.Theycollected1,200poundsofbottlecaps.AcompanycalledGreenTreePlasticsmadethreebencheswiththebottlecaps.Sammiehashelpedcommunitiesalloverthecountrysetupbuddybenches.Andsheisspreadingkindnessaroundtheworld.“WerecentlygotabenchinGhana,Africa,”shesays.“Thatwascool.”Sammieremindsusthatkidscanhelptheircommunity.Evensmallactsofkindnesscanbepowerful.“Youdon’thavetobeanadulttomakeadifference,”shesays.Sammiewroteabook.ItiscalledInspiretheWorld:AKid’sJourneytoMakingaDifference.Ittellsthestoryofherbuddybenches.Sammiehopesherexamplewillinspireothers.“Iusedtobereally,reallyshy,”shesays.Buildingbuddybenchesgaveherconfidence.“I’mdefinitelymoreoutgoingnow.”9．WhendidSammiestarttheBuddyBenchprogram?A．Inthethirdgrade. B．Inthefourthgrade.C．Inthefifthgrade. D．Inthesixthgrade.10．WhatdoesSammiedotohelplonelykids?A．Shehelpsthemfindanewhobby.B．Sheintroducesthemtoherfriends.C．Shestartsaprogramtohelpthemmakefriends.D．Shegivesthemathumbs-uptomakethemhappy.11．HowdidSammielowerthecostofmakingbenches?A．Sheraisedmoneyherself. B．Shecycledtofindmaterials.C．Sheturnedtoherparents. D．Sheusedrecycledmaterials.12．WhatdoesSammiehopetodobywritingabook?A．Toinspirechildrentomakedifferences.B．Toraisemoremoneyforherjourney.C．Tobuildmorebenchesforchildren.D．Toremindchildrentoactlikeadults.【答案】9．A10．C11．D12．A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了SammieVance从夏令营中获得灵感，创立了BuddyBench项目，帮助学校中孤单的人找到朋友，她请求自己的社区帮忙收集瓶盖作为长椅的材料，项目的消息传播出去后，很多不同地方的人都提供了帮助，最终很多学校和公园都得以有了这样的长椅，她的善意产生了影响。9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Whenshewasinthethirdgrade,shestartedtheBuddyBenchprogram.(当她上三年级时，她开始了“伙伴长椅”项目。)”可知，Sammie在三年级时启动了“伙伴长椅计划”。故选A。10．细节理解题。根据第二段“Anyonewhofeltlonelycouldsitonthe“buddybench.”Itshowedothersthatsomeoneneededafriend.(任何感到孤独的人都可以坐在“伙伴长椅”上。这向其他人表明，有人需要一个朋友。)”可知，Sammie通过“伙伴长椅计划”，让感到孤独的孩子坐在长椅上，提供他们一个表达自己需要朋友的机会。故选C。11．细节理解题。根据第四段“Sammiedecidedtomakethemoutofrecycledmaterials.Thisloweredthecost.Andthebencheswereeco-friendly.(萨米决定用再生材料做它们。这降低了成本。而且这些长椅是环保的。)”可知，Sammie决定利用回收材料制作长椅，来降低成本。故选D。12．细节理解题。根据第七段“Sammieremindsusthatkidscanhelptheircommunity.Evensmallactsofkindnesscanbepowerful.“Youdon’thavetobeanadulttomakeadifference,”shesays.(Sammie提醒我们，孩子们可以帮助他们的社区。即使是小小的善举也可能是强大的。“你不需要成为一个成年人就可以有所作为，”她说。)”可知，Sammie希望激励孩子们通过一些善意的行动带来一些影响。故选A。4.（2026年1月浙江省高考英语仿真模拟卷01）BestfriendsTommy,17,andDaniel,15,decidedtosignupfortheirschool’sroboticsteamintheirfreshmanyear,andbegantheirjourneytowardschanginglivesforthebetter.Theybegantheirworkwith3Dprinterstocreatepartsfortheirrobots,buttheywantedtheirimpacttobegreater.“Itstartedoffwithateamidea,”Tommysaid.“Weweretryingtofigureouthowwecouldmakeadifferencetosocietyasafirst-yearroboticsteam.Welaterthoughtoftheideaofusing3Dprinterstomakeprostheses(假肢),likehands.”TheteamworkedwithIMAHelps,anonprofitorganization,andreceivedhelpfromtheScienceRoboticsInitiative.Shortlyafter,theybeganworkingwiththeirfirstpersoninneedofaprosthesis.“Westartedoffwithmakinganartificial(人造的)armforSamantha,a12-year-oldlittlegirlinEcuadorwholostherarminabusaccident,”Tommyexplains.“Wegothermeasurementsandthenmadetheprosthesis.IMAHelpsbroughtittoSamanthaanditfitherperfectlyandworkedwell.”“Samanthahadadreamtowrite,andwewantedtohelpwiththat,”addsDaniel.Itdidn’ttakelongforotherkidstoseeSamantha’sprosthesis.AyoungmannamedErnestPriester,13,askedtohaveanartificialfoot.Later,theteamofferedtomakehimoneforfree.“Hestartedtearingup.Itbroughtsomuchjoytohiseyes.”Tommysays.ThisJuly,theteamtraveledtoEcuadortodeliverfourmoreprosthesestothoseinneed.“Weweresohappytohelp,”Tommyshares.Theteamalsoplansoncontinuingtogiveawaytheir3Dcreations.“Youcandowhateveryouwanttodowhenitcomestohelpingpeopleandchangingtheworld,”Tommysays.“Therearenoagelimits.”“Byofferingalittlebit,”addsDaniel.“Wecanchangealot.”13．Tomaketheroboticsteam’simpactgreater,TommyandDanieldecidedto________.A．createrobotparts B．startaroboticscourseC．makeprostheses D．inventa3Dprinter14．WhatdidtheroboticsteamdoforSamantha?A．TheysetupIMAHelpsforher. B．Theymadeheranartificialarm.C．Theyofferedhermedicaltreatment. D．Theygaveherinstructionsonwriting.15．HowdoesTommyfeelaboutwhattheyaredoing?A．Curious. B．Relaxed. C．Regretful. D．Pleased.16．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTommyandDaniel?A．Caring. B．Calm. C．Honest. D．Brave.【答案】13．C14．B15．D16．A【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了17岁的汤米和15岁的丹尼尔使用3D打印机为需要帮助的人制作假肢。13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Theybegantheirworkwith3Dprinterstocreatepartsfortheirrobots,buttheywantedtheirimpacttobegreater.(他们开始使用3D打印机为他们的机器人制造零件，但他们希望3D打印机的影响更大)”可知，为了让机器人团队的影响力更大，汤米和丹尼尔决定制作假肢。故选C。14．细节理解题。根据第四段“Westartedoffwithmakinganartificial(人造的)armforSamantha,a12-year-oldlittlegirlinEcuadorwholostherarminabusaccident(我们首先为12岁的厄瓜多尔小女孩萨曼莎做了一个假肢，她在一次公共汽车事故中失去了手臂)”可知，机器人团队给萨曼莎做了一只假肢。故选B。15．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段““Weweresohappytohelp,”Tommyshares.(“我们很高兴能帮忙，”汤米分享道)”可知，汤米对他们的所作所为感到高兴。故选D。16．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““Youcandowhateveryouwanttodowhenitcomestohelpingpeopleandchangingtheworld,”Tommysays.“Therearenoagelimits.”(“当涉及到帮助别人和改变世界时，你可以做任何你想做的事情，”汤米说。“没有年龄限制。”)”以及最后一段““Byofferingalittlebit,”addsDaniel.“Wecanchangealot.”(“通过提供一点点，”丹尼尔补充道。“我们可以改变很多。”)”可推知，汤米和丹尼尔关心他人，有爱心。故选A。5.（温州市普通高中2026届高三第二次适应性考试）Iamtheworld’sleadingclimatechangecampaigner.Well,sincelastmonth.That’swhenwehadthesolarpanelsinstalled,linkedtoanapponmyphone.Now,whereverIam,Icanopentheappandseehowmuchelectricitywearecreatingandhowmuchweareconsuming.Rightnow,we’reexporting2.37kilowattstothegrid(电网).Ienjoythefeeling.Yes,I’msavingtheplanet.Moretothepoint:I’mmakingupwardsof10centsanhour,DOINGNOTHING.Certainly,youhavetoputinabitofeffort.EversinceIbecameanenergyexporter,Ihavebeenpatrolling(巡逻)thehouse,tryingtomaximizeourproduction.Ofcourse,Igetsomecomplaintsfrommywife,Jocasta,alongthelinesof“Iwasusingthatlighttoreadabook”or“Whydidn’tyousavemyworkbeforeturningoffmycomputer,”butIthinksheisgratefulformyassistance.Theonlyproblem?Justlastnight,Iturnedoffeverything,butwewerestillconsuming0.05ofakilowatt.Icheckedthefridge.Itwasnothumming(哼鸣).Alltheoverheadlightswereout.Nothingwasonstandby.Yetthereitwas.Ihardlyslept,mymindtryingtoworkthrougheverycornerofthehouse.Backatoffice,Ifindithardtotearmyeyesawayfromtheapp.Rightnow,it’smidday.Jocastaisathome.Iglanceattheapp.Ohno!Cloudsoverhead!Disaster!We’renowproducingnothing.Nothingatall.Andconsumptionissuddenlythroughtheroof.We’reusingupgridpower.What’sJocastaupto?Runningafactory?Thenextday,atwork,aroundmidday,IchecktheappjusttocalculatehowmuchI’veearned.What?Disaster!Cloudsoverheadagainandyetpowerstillbeingused.Jocastaisoutofthehouse.Why,ohwhy,hasJocastalefttheTVremoteinreachofthedog?Imusthaveawordwithhim.Yousee,sometimesit’shardtobeaheadofyourtime.17.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromparagraph1?A.Heisacreativebusinessman.B.Hetakesprideinthesolargains.C.Heenjoyslaunchingcampaigns.D.Hehasagiftforappdevelopment.18.WhatdoesJocastacomplainabout?A.Theunknownwasteofpower. B.Herfamily’simpatientattitude.C.Theunstablesupplyofelectricity. D.Herhusband’sunreasonablebehavior.19.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“throughtheroof”inparagraph4mean?A.Rocketing. B.Changing. C.Freezing. D.Diving.20.Whatmessagedoesthetextconvey?A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B.Apennysavedisapennyearned.C.Greatmindsthinkaheadoftheirtime.D.Technologyisagoodservantbutabadmaster.【答案】17.B18.D19.A20.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者安装了太阳能板并通过手机APP监控发电量与用电量，为此过度控制家中用电，甚至因此引发家人抱怨，还因天气、意外耗电等情况焦虑不已，幽默地展现了人们在享受科技便利的同时，也容易被科技过度支配的生活状态。【17题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Ienjoythefeeling.Yes,I’msavingtheplanet.Moretothepoint:I’mmakingupwardsof10centsanhour,DOINGNOTHING.(我很享受这种感觉。没错，我在拯救地球。更重要的是：我什么都不用做，每小时就能赚10多美分。)”可知，作者为自己利用太阳能获得收益并节能的行为感到自豪。故选B。【18题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Igetsomecomplaintsfrommywife,Jocasta,alongthelinesof'Iwasusingthatlighttoreadabook’or'Whydidn’tyousavemyworkbeforeturningoffmycomputer’(我妻子乔卡斯塔会有些抱怨，比如'我正用那盏灯看书呢’或者'你关我电脑之前怎么不保存我的文件’)”可知，妻子抱怨丈夫不合理的关灯、关电脑等控制用电的行为。故选D。【19题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段“Ohno!Cloudsoverhead!Disaster!We’renowproducingnothing.Nothingatall.Andconsumptionissuddenlythroughtheroof.We’reusingupgridpower.(哦不！乌云密布！糟了！我们现在一点电都发不出来了。而用电量却突然throughtheroof。我们正在耗尽电网的电力。)”可知，太阳能不发电时，用电量急剧上升，throughtheroof意为“急剧上升、飞涨”，与rocketing含义一致。故选A。【20题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Well,sincelastmonth.That’swhenwehadthesolarpanelsinstalled,linkedtoanapponmyphone.Now,whereverIam,Icanopentheappandseehowmuchelectricitywearecreatingandhowmuchweareconsuming.(嗯，是从上个月开始算的。就在上个月，我们家装了太阳能板，还连了我手机上的一个应用。现在不管我在哪儿，只要打开这个应用，就能看到我们发了多少电、用了多少电。)”、倒数第二段中“Backatoffice,Ifindithardtotearmyeyesawayfromtheapp.(回到办公室，我发现我的眼睛很难从这个应用程序上移开。)

”、最后一段中“Yousee,sometimesit’shardtobeaheadofyourtime.(你看，有时候走在时代的前面是很难的。)”并结合全文可知，作者借助太阳能和APP管理用电本是科技带来的便利，却反过来被这个监控应用控制了生活，时时刻刻牵挂耗电量，一点波动就焦虑不已，文章传达出“科技是好的仆人，但容易成为糟糕的主人”的道理。故选D。6.（湖北省十一校2025年秋季学期高三年级12月质量检测）Myundergraduatestudentneededadviceafteryetanotherfailedexperiment.Sittingacrossfromme,shelookedexhausted—frustratedeven.Iheardmyselfsay,“Thisispartofresearch.Youjusthavetopushthrough.”Butevenasthewordsleftmymouth,Ifeltuneasy.Shenoddedsilentlyandshiftedherposture.Afterward,shebeganshowinguplessfrequentlyandeventuallystoppedcomingaltogether.Itriedtoexplainitaway:undergraduatessometimesgetbusywithcoursework,loseinterestorchangedirection,butdeepdown,IwonderedwhatIcouldhavedonedifferently.Ibecameamentor(导师)duringmysecondyearofPh.D.butdidn'tgetmuchguidanceonhowtodoit.Ilearnedonlybydoing.ThereweremomentsIfeltproudof.Onestudentstartedoutquietandunsure,butovertimegrewintoamostindependentandconfidentyoungresearcher.Beforegraduating,shetoldme,“YouarethereasonIstuckwiththis.”Thatmomentstayedwithme.Butsodidtheotherone—thesilence,theabsences,theslowfade-out.HadIfailedher?Itwasn'tuntilthefinalyearofmyPh.D.thatIcameacrossaleafletforamentorshiptrainingworkshop.Skepticalatfirst,Idecidedtotryit.Theprogram,calledEnteringMentoring,broughttogethergraduatestudentsforweeklydiscussions.Forthefirsttime,Ihadthespacetoexploretheinvisiblelaborandemotionalcomplexityofmentoring.Onesessionaskedustoreflectonourownpractices.Ibegantorealizewhatmighthavebeenmissinginmyrelationshipwiththestudentwhohaddriftedaway.Ihadneverinvitedhertosharehergoalsorconcerns.Icouldhavebeenmoreattentivetoherunspokenstruggles.Aftertheworkshop,IbeganchanginghowIinteractedwithstudents.Inowstartbyaskinghowthey'redoing,notjustexperimentaldetails.Thisshifthasledtomorehonestconversations.I'velearnedthatgoodmentorsarebuiltthroughreflectionandtraining.IwishI'dattendedthatworkshopearlier,butI'mgratefulIdidatall.21.Whatprimarilycausedthestudent'swithdrawalaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Demandingresearchchallenges. B.Heavyacademicworkload.C.Repetitivefailuresinresearch. D.Unaddressedinnerstruggles.22.Whydidtheauthormentionthechangeofanotherstudent?A.Tohighlightthecontrastinmentoringoutcomes.B.Toillustratehislackofproperguidance.C.Toshowcasehisprideinherachievement.D.Toexplainhisownresearchbreakthrough.23.Whatdidtheworkshopmainlyfocuson?A.Developingacademicresearchskills.B.Encouragingdiscussionsamonggraduatestudents.C.Exploringtheinterpersonalaspectsofmentoring.D.Demonstratingdiversepersonalmentoringapproaches.24.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Strictandintelligent. B.Disciplinedbutinexperienced.C.Thoughtfulbutself-doubting. D.Responsibleandreflective.【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者在攻读博士学位第二年时担任导师，因指导方式不当导致一名学生退出研究，之后通过参加指导工作坊反思自身问题、改进交流方式，最终领悟到优秀的指导工作需要反思与训练的故事。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Myundergraduatestudentneededadviceafteryetanotherfailedexperiment.Sittingacrossfromme,shelookedexhausted—frustratedeven.Iheardmyselfsay,'Thisispartofresearch.Youjusthavetopushthrough.'Butevenasthewordsleftmymouth,Ifeltuneasy.Shenoddedsilentlyandshiftedherposture.Afterward,shebeganshowinguplessfrequentlyandeventuallystoppedcomingaltogether.(我的一名本科学生在又一次实验失败后向我寻求建议。她坐在我对面，看上去疲惫不堪——甚至有些沮丧。我开导她说：'这就是科研的一部分，你只能坚持下去。'但话一出口，我就感到有些不安。她默默地点点头，换了个姿势。之后，她来实验室的次数越来越少，最终彻底不来了。)”以及第三段中“Ibegantorealizewhatmighthavebeenmissinginmyrelationshipwiththestudentwhohaddriftedaway.Ihadneverinvitedhertosharehergoalsorconcerns.Icouldhavebeenmoreattentivetoherunspokenstruggles.(我开始意识到，我和那个渐行渐远的学生之间，可能缺少了一些东西。我从未邀请她分享自己的目标或顾虑，本应该更留意她那些未说出口的挣扎。)”可知，学生因实验失败而疲惫沮丧，作者只是简单地让她“坚持”，并未关注她内心的挣扎，也没有引导她倾诉顾虑，后续作者的反思也印证了这一点，由此可推断，学生退出的主要原因是内心的挣扎没有被重视和疏导。故选D。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“IbecameamentorduringmysecondyearofPh.D.butdidn'tgetmuchguidanceonhowtodoit.Ilearnedonlybydoing.ThereweremomentsIfeltproudof.Onestudentstartedoutquietandunsure,butovertimegrewintoamostindependentandconfidentyoungresearcher.Beforegraduating,shetoldme,'YouarethereasonIstuckwiththis.'Thatmomentstayedwithme.Butsodidtheotherone—thesilence,theabsences,theslowfade-out.HadIfailedher?(我在攻读博士学位的第二年成为了导师，但当时并没有得到太多关于如何做好导师的指导。我只能边做边学。也有一些让我感到自豪的时刻。有一名学生起初沉默寡言、缺乏自信，但随着时间的推移，她成长为了一名非常独立且自信的年轻研究人员。毕业前，她告诉我：'是你让我坚持了下来。'那一刻令我印象深刻。但另一个场景也同样令我难忘——沉默、缺席，以及逐渐淡出的身影。是我让她失望了吗？)”可知，作者提到另一名学生的转变是为了通过这两种截然不同的指导结果形成对比，引出自己对指导方式的反思。故选A。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Theprogram,calledEnteringMentoring,broughttogethergraduatestudentsforweeklydiscussions.Forthefirsttime,Ihadthespacetoexploretheinvisiblelaborandemotionalcomplexityofmentoring.(这个名为《步入导师行列》的项目，召集研究生们开展每周一次的讨论会。我生平第一次有机会去探究导师工作中那些无形的付出，以及这份工作背后复杂的情感内涵。)”可知，研讨会主要关注指导中的人际关系层面。故选C。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“I

begantorealizewhatmighthavebeenmissinginmyrelationshipwiththestudentwhohaddriftedaway.Ihadneverinvitedhertosharehergoalsorconcerns.Icouldhavebeenmoreattentivetoherunspokenstruggles.(我开始意识到，我和那个渐行渐远学生之间，可能缺少了一些东西。我从未邀请她分享自己的目标或顾虑，本应该更留意她那些未说出口的挣扎。)”和最后一段中“Inowstartbyaskinghowthey'redoing,notjustexperimentaldetails.Thisshifthasledtomorehonestconversations.(我现在首先会问他们过得怎么样，而不仅仅是实验细节。这种转变带来了更诚实的对话。)”可知，作者通过反思改进了指导方式，体现出作者是一个负责任且善于反思的人。故选D。7.（2026·江苏省南京市鼓楼区名校联盟英语试题）Istartedwalkingbackwardfornoapparentreason.Iwassimplywavinggoodbyetomydaughterswhenithitmetotakeafewstepsbackward.SinceI’dalreadystarted,IthoughtIcouldwalkallthewayhomethatway.Afterall,thecontradictionofmovingforwardbygoingbackwardseemedengagingandworthexploring.Thefirstproblemwaspractical.Snowisapainevenforregularwalking,somypacesloweddownconsiderably.Atthisdifferentpace,lifeitselffeltrushedincomparison.Howsillyitisthatwe’realwaysinsuchahurrytogetsomewhere.Forexample,Ioftenarriveatplaceslongaftermybodygetsthere.SometimesIreachmydaughters’school,butmymindisstillathome,wonderingwhetherIunpluggedmywife’shairdryer.Walkingbackward,however,forcedmetoadjustthepaceofmybodytomymind.Thenextthinghadtodowithvision.Inregularwalking,thepathaheadisalwaysvisible.Here,youuseothersenses:youhearthecarapproaching,yousensetheunevennessoftheground,andyounoticethechangeinthefirmnessofthesnow.Youactivateanentiresetofskillsweusuallydon'tusebecauseofourdependenceonsight.Thisway,thefamiliarpathIwalkedeverydaysuddenlyfeltlikeagrandadventure,adiscoveryIhadn’tanticipated.Becauseofmyaddictiontofoolishideas,Idecidedtocontinuemybackwardwalkingfortherestoftheday.AndIquicklyrealizedsomethingobvious:thepathIenjoyedmostwastheoneIhadalreadytravelled.Anditstruckmethatthiswastherightwaytolookatlife:movingtowardadestinationwithouteverforgettingwhereyou’vebeen,orhowfaryou’vecome.Lookingbackisalwaysgoo