2025北京东直门中学高三（上）期中英语试题及答案

高中2025北京东直门中学高三（上）期中英语2025.11考试时间：90分钟总分100分班级________姓名________学号________第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。LastyearatChristmastimemywifeandIwereinFrance.Forfivewretched(恶劣的)dayseverythinghadgone____1____.OnChristmasEve,therewasnoChristmas____2____inourhearts.Itwasrainingandcoldwhenwewentouttoeat.Onlyfivetablesintherestaurantwere____3____.ThereweretwoGermancouples,twoFrenchfamilies,andanAmericansailor____4____himself.InthecornerapianoplayerunenthusiasticallyplayedChristmasmusic.Ilookedaroundandnoticedthattheothercustomerswereeatinginstony____5____.TheonlypersonwhoseemedhappywastheAmericansailor,whowaswritingaletter,andahalf-smilelightedhisface.Thencameanoldflowerwoman.Carryingherbasketofflowers,shewentfromonetabletoanother.Butnooneboughtany.Beforetheyoungsailorleft,hewalkedovertotheflowerwoman.“MerryChristmas,”hesaid,smilingandpickingouttwoflowers.Pressingthesmallerflowerflat,heputitintothe____6____hehadwritten,andthenhandedthewomanatwentyfrancnote.“Idon’thavechange,”shesaid.“No,ma’am,”saidthesailor,leaningoverandkissingthe____7____cheek.“ThisismyChristmaspresenttoyou.”____8____theotherflowerinfrontofhim,hecametoourtable.Inonequickmotionhegavemywifetheflower,wishedusaMerryChristmas,anddeparted.Everyonehadbeenwatchingthesailor.Afewsecondslater,Christmas____9____throughouttherestaurantlikeabomb.Themiserableevening____10____beingtheverybestChristmasEvewehadeverexperiencedjustbecauseofayoungsailorwhohadChristmasspiritinhissoul.HegaveusChristmas.1.A.smoothly B.quickly C.wrong D.well2.A.dinner B.party C.tree D.spirit3.A.occupied B.wiped C.cleared D.left4.A.on B.by C.for D.to5.A.silence B.excitement C.despair D.astonishment6.A.application B.letter C.poem D.resume7.A.rosy B.smooth C.sunken D.flushed8.A.Shaking B.Moving C.Holding D.Packing9.A.caught B.touched C.affected D.exploded10.A.turnedup B.endedup C.setup D.tookup第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Whenthegirlsontheschoolsoftballteamwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,TaylorwatchedherteammateParisplay.Suddenly,Paris____11____(fall)tothegroundwiththeeyesrollingback.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,“DoesanyoneknowCPR?”TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson'schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.____12____oxygen,thebrainwouldbedamagedquickly.Amazingly,Taylor____13____(take)aCPRcoursethedaybeforesosherantoParisimmediatelyandbegandoingCPR.Luckily,thegirlwassaved.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheJiangsuCitySuperLeaguealsocalledthe“Suchao”attractsthousandsofplayersandfanseveryyear.Manymatches____14____(hold)onweekends,providingexcitingentertainmentforfamiliesandfriendswhogathertocheerfortheirfavoriteteams.Havinggrownrapidlyinrecentyears,theleaguenowincludesover100teams____15____(compete)invariousdivisions.Broadcastonlineandcoveredbylocalmedia,theLeaguehelpsdiscovertalentedplayerswhomaylaterjoinprofessionalclubs.Withitsrapid____16____(grow),ithasbecomeanimportantpartofJiangsu'sfootballculture.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Itcanbeeasyforteenagerstoformbadhabitsinseekingindependence.Thesebadhabits,if____17____(leave)unchecked,couldleadtomoreseriousoneswhentheybecomeadults.Forexample,somemaybecomeinvolvedintobaccooralcoholabuse,____18____,mostexpertsbelieve,canpossiblyleadtophysicalandmentalhealthproblems.Tochangethesebadhabitsisnevereasy.Inmanyways,ourlifestyleisthesumofchoiceswehavemadeby____19____(we).Wemakeachoicetodosomething,andthenrepeatitoverandoveragain.Soonthatchoicebecomesahabitthatismuchhardertochange.Thegoodnewsisthatwecanchangeit,ifweunderstand___20___habitswork.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节阅读理解(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADisinformation,whichisfalseinformationspreadonpurpose,hasbecomeacauseofconcernrecently.Inresponsetothisrisingglobalthreat,theUnitedNationsInformationCentre(UNIC)Canberraanditspartnerswillbeorganizingatwo-dayconference,DISINFOPACIFIC,onNovember11and12,2024.Theconferencewillfocusonstrategiesforpreventingandreducingdisinformation,aswellasapplyingbestpracticestoaddressthisglobalchallenge.Itaimstoprovideaforum(论坛)forjournalists,socialmediaexperts,educators,researchers,policy-makersandcommunicationsprofessionals,fromwithinandoutsidetheUN.Currently,weareinsearchofsocialmediavolunteerstoprovideonlineassistanceforthisconference.Requirements:·Outstandingoralandwrittencommunicationskills·Professionalgraphic(绘图的)designexperience·Priorinvolvementindesigningdocumentlayouts·In-depthfamiliaritywithgraphicdesignapps·WorkingknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguageNote:Adegreeingraphicdesignorarelatedfieldisconsideredaplus.Responsibilities:·Developingacomprehensivesocialmediareleaseplan·Assistinginchoosingtherighttypesofmediaandupdatingconferenceinformationonadailybasis·Workingtogetherwithourcommunicationsteamtocreatesocialmediaactivitiesaccordingtoagreedrequirements·Developingaseriesofsocialmediaresourcesoncethefinalconceptisagreedupon,withaparticularfocusonayouth(universitylevel)studentaudienceJoinusnowasasocialmediavolunteerandhelpbuildafuturewithlessdisinformation.YouwillalsohavetheopportunitytobuildconnectionswiththeUNICCanberraanditspartnersandlearnaboutthewaysinwhichsocialmediacommunicationcansupportthepromotionofaconferencecenteringondisinformation.Findoutmoreat/opportunities.21.Accordingtothepassage,volunteersshould.A.holdadegreeingraphicdesignB.beabletodevelopgraphicdesignappsC.haveagreatcommunicativecompetenceD.beasfluentinEnglishasnativespeakers22.Ifselected,volunteerswill.A.releaseaUNICworkplan B.helpdesignsocialmediaactivitiesC.evaluatethefinalconcept D.provideweeklymediaupdates23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Topromoteaconference. B.Toseekonlinevolunteers.C.Tohighlightaglobalthreat. D.Tointroduceanorganization.BI’mwalkingaroundthehousewithaseverelimp(跛行)andactivelysecond-guessingeverydecisionI’veevermade.Thatcanonlymeanonething:Ijustranmyoneracefortheyear.The7-mileraceisinmyhometowninIllinois,andI’vebeendoingitalmosteveryyearsinceIwasa12-year-oldboy.Ireachedmypeakabout15yearsagoandhavebeenperformingpoorlyeversince.WhydoIkeepgoingifInolongerenjoyitandamgettingworseeveryyear?Tradition,mostly.Besides,Idon’tdislikethewholerace,justtherunningpart.IlikeseeingalltherunningclubmembersI’veknownsincechildhood,andIlovethefreebeerafterward.Runningisjustaminorblockonthewaytothegoodstuff.Thatday,Iwasaccompaniedtotheracebyagroupofthreeextremelyin-shapepeople.WeallliveinthesameIndianapolissuburb.Theseguysbikeandruncountlessmiles,ofteninthesameday.OnehasdonedozensofSpartanRaces,whichrequiretheplayertocrawlthroughmud,fliptiresandthrowspears.Anotheristrainingforatriathlon(三项全能运动).Inadditiontobeingfasterthanmeonfoot,inthewaterandonwheels,hecanalsooutliftme.Ididn’tholdmuchhopefortherace—nooneputslesspressureonmethanme.Betweenmiles4and5,IfeltsogoodthatIwonderedwhyIonlydothisonceayear.ThenIhitmile6,andmybodywarnedme.IpushedmyselfuntilIhadamileleft,atwhichpointmylegsdecidedtheyweredone.Determinationandacan-doattitudearenomatchforgravityanddistance.Exhausted,Islowlymademywaytothefinishingline.Still,IcanhonestlysayIgaveeverythingIhad.Myslow,plodding(步履艰难的)finishwasactuallyavictorythatprovesIgaveitmyall.Idon’tneedahugecuptohonormyheroicperformance.Myachingkneeisenoughofasouvenir.Adaylater,evenasmyentirebodytellsmeI’manidiot,Ican’thelpbutfeelthattheracewasasuccess.I’vedecidedtokeepdoingthisraceaslongasmylegscansupportme.24.Theauthorrantheracebecause________.A.hewantedtokeeptheoldcustom B.hewantedtocompetewithfriendsC.heintendedtobuilduphisbody D.heenjoyedlong-distancerunning25.Whydidtheauthormentionthein-shapepeople?A.Togivehisreasonforlowself-expectation.B.Toshowhisenvyoftheirathleticabilities.C.Toemphasizehisstrongwilltowintherace.D.Toexpresshisconfidenceinfinishingtherace.26.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorduringtherace?A.Hestruggledfrombeginningtoend.B.Hebrokehislegatthefinishingline.C.Heexperiencedpressurefromhimself.D.Hepushedhimselftothelimitstomakeit.CFordecades,scientistshypothesizedthatcognitivelydemandingtasks,suchaswritingorsolvingmathproblems,requiremoreenergythaneasiertaskslikescrollingshortvideosonthephoneorlookingoutofthewindow.However,recentresearchprovestheviewwrong.Ourbrainsperformmassivelycomplexandmetabolicallycostlycomputationsalldaylong.“Whetheryou’reengagedinacognitivelydemandingtaskatwork,oryou’restaringoffintospace,yourbrainisusingroughlythesameamountofenergy,”saysneuroscientistToddBraverofWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis.Infact,whatfeelsmorechallengingiswhenataskrequiresthebraintogoagainstitsusualhabits.Cognitivelydemandingworkoftenrequiresthecoordination(协作)ofmanydifferentbrainregionsinnovelpatterns,whilesilencingcircuitsthatfrequentlyfiretogether.Studieshavefoundthatpushingagainstourbrain’shabitstriggersanemotionalresponse,makingusfeeluncomfortable.“It’saversive,anditjustfeelsbad,”saysMichaelInzlicht,apsychologistfromtheUniversityofToronto.Buthepointsoutthatemotionalresponsesaresubjective:Theyareinterpretationsofsensationsinourbodiesandbrains.Andwecaninfluencehowmuchwepayattentiontothesesensationsandevenhowweinterpretthem.Weoftenoverestimatethestruggleandpainrequiredtocompletecognitivetasks.Thisinitialoverestimationcanleadustoprocrastinate,orevenavoidthetaskaltogether.Studiessuggestthatifwecangetpastthatinitialhurdleofstartingatask,thenthinkingbecomeseasier.Onewaytodothatistopayattentiontothebenefitsinsteadoftheeffortsrequired.InastudypublishedinthejournalSciencein2020,AndrewWestbrook,aneuroscientistatRutgersUniversity,andhiscolleaguesgaveparticipantsthechoiceofsolvinganeasymemorypuzzleforasmallamountofmoneyoramuchharderpuzzleformoremoney.Theoptionsweredisplayedonascreen,andparticipants’eyemovementsweretrackedastheydecidedwhichpuzzletoattempt.Whenpeoplespentmoretimelookingattherewardforthechallengingpuzzle,theyweremorelikelytochooseit.Ifourmind’seye,orourattentionalfocus,isonthebenefitsofanoption,overtimewe’remorelikelytochoosetodohardthings.Performingcomplexmentaltaskswillalsobelesspainfuliftheexertionofmentaleffortishabitized.Whenwedon’thavetomakeadecisiontofocuseveryday,wewillsaveourselvesconsideringthecostsorconsequences.Tomakecognitivelydemandingtasksahabit,trytodothemeverydayatthesametimeandinthesameplace.Addaritualbeforetheworkstarts,suchasturningoffthephoneandlaunchinganapptoblockdistractingwebsites.Afterafewweeks,concentratingdeeplywon’tjustfeeleasier;itwillactuallybeeasier.27.Peoplemayfeelcertaincognitivetaskdemandingbecauseof________.A.morebrainenergyconsumption B.thecomplexityofcomputationsC.thehigherlevelofdifficulty D.newcoordinationofbrainparts28.Theauthorquotesthe2020studymainlyto________.A.supportasolution B.presentacaseC.analyzethecauses D.challengeanassumption29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Overestimationpromotesefficiency.B.Personalperceptiondeterminesmotivation.C.Focusingonrewardsenhancesperformance.D.Braincounteractiontriggerspositiveemotions.30.Whichofthefollowingcanmakementalworkfeeleasier?A.Receivingcontinuoussupportwhenfeelingdown.B.Seekingprofessionalhelpwhenmeetingadeadline.C.Readingthickliteraryclassicsfortwentyminutesdaily.D.Breakingdownachallengingprojectintosmallertasks.D“Assumeyouarewrong.”TheadvicecamefromBrianNosek,apsychologyprofessor,whowasofferingastrategyforpursuingbetterscience.TounderstandthecontextforNosek’sadvice,weneedtotakeastepbacktothenatureofscienceitself.Youseedespitewhatmanyofuslearnedinelementaryschool,thereisnosinglescientificmethod.Justasscientifictheoriesbecomeelaboratedandchange,sodoscientificmethods.Butmethodologicalreformhasn’tcomewithoutsomefrettingandfriction.Nastythingshavebeensaidbyandaboutmethodologicalreformers.Fewpeoplelikehavingthevalueoftheirlife’sworkcalledintoquestion.Ontheotherside,fewpeoplearegoodatvoicingcriticismsinkindandconstructiveways.So,partofthechallengeisfiguringouthowtobakecriticalself-reflectionintothecultureofscienceitself,soitunfoldsasawelcomeandintegratedpartoftheprocess,andnotanembarrassingsideshow.WhatNosekrecommendedwasastrategyforchangingthewayweofferandrespondtocritique.Assumingyouarerightmightbeamotivatingforce,sustainingtheenormouseffortthatconductingscientificworkrequires.Butitalsomakesiteasytointerpretcriticismsaspersonalattacks.Beginning,instead,fromtheassumptionyouarewrong,acriticismiseasiertointerpretasaconstructivesuggestionforhowtobelesswrong—agoalthatyourcriticpresumablyshares.Oneworryaboutthisapproachisthatitcouldbedemoralizingforscientists.Strivingtobelesswrongmightbealesseffectivemotivationthanthepromiseofbeingright.Anotherconcernisthatastrategythatworkswellwithinsciencecouldbackfirewhenitcomestocommunicatingsciencewiththepublic.Withoutanappreciationforhowscienceworks,it’seasytotakeuncertaintyordisagreementsasmarksagainstscience,wheninfacttheyreflectsomeoftheveryfeaturesofsciencethatmakeitourbestapproachtoreachingreliableconclusionsabouttheworld.Scienceisreliablebecauseitrespondstoevidence:asthequantityandqualityofourevidenceimproves,ourtheoriescanandshouldchange,too.Despitetheseworries,IlikeNosek’ssuggestionbecauseitbuildsincognitivehumilityalongwithasensethatwecandobetter.Italsobuildsinasenseofcommunity—we’reallinthesameboatwhenitcomestofallingshortofgettingthingsright.Unfortunately,thisstillleavesuswithanuntestedhypothesis(假说):thatassumingoneiswrongcanchangecommunitynormsforthebetter,andultimatelysupportbetterscienceandeven,perhaps,betterdecisionsinlife.Idon’tknowifthat’strue.Infact,Ishouldprobablyassumethatit’swrong.Butwiththebenefitofthescientificcommunityandourbestmethodologicaltools,Ihopewecangetitlesswrong,together.31.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A.Reformerstendtodevalueresearchers’work.B.Scientistsareunwillingtoexpresskindcriticisms.C.Peopleholdwrongassumptionsaboutthecultureofscience.D.Thescientificcommunityshouldpracticecriticalself-reflection.32.Thestrategyof“assumingyouarewrong”maycontributeto______.A.theenormouseffortsofscientistsatwork B.thereliabilityofpotentialresearchresultsC.thepublic’spassionforscientificfindings D.theimprovementinthequalityofevidence33.Theunderlinedword“demoralizing”inParagraph5means______.A.discouraging B.ineffective C.unfair D.misleading34.Thetonetheauthorusesintalkingabouttheuntestedhypothesisis______.A.doubtfulbutsincere B.disapprovingbutsoftC.authoritativeanddirect D.reflectiveandhumorous第二节七选五(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。BadNewsfortheHighlyIntelligentThereareadvantagestobeingsmart.PeoplewhodowellonIQteststendtobemoresuccessfulintheclassroomandtheworkplace.Theyalsotendtolivelonger,healthierlives,andarelesslikelytoexperiencenegativelifeevents.____35____Inastudy,RuthKarpinskiandhercolleaguescarriedoutastudyonthemembersofMensa,ahighIQsociety.Thestudycoveredmooddisordersandanxietydisorders.Respondentswereaskedtoreportwhethertheyhadeversufferedfromeachdisorder.TheresearcherscomparedthepercentageofthosewhoreporteddisordertothenationalaverageandfoundthatMensa’shighlyintelligentmembersweremorelikelytosufferfromarangeofseriousdisorders.Toexplaintheirfindings,Karpinskiandhisteambringupthehyperbrainandhyperbodytheory.Thistheoryholdsthat,forallofitsadvantages,beinghighlyintelligentisassociatedwithpsychologicalandphysiological“overexcitabilities”,orOE.___36___Thiscanincludeanythingfromanastonishingsoundtoconflictwithanotherperson.Accordingtothetheory,OEsaremorecommoninhighlyintelligentpeople.Ahighlyintelligentpersonmayoveranalyzeadisapprovingcommentmadebyaboss,imaginingnegativeoutcomesthatsimplywouldn’toccurtosomeonelessintelligent.___37___Theresultsofthisstudymustbeinterpreted(诠释)cautiously.ShowingthatadisorderismorecommoninasampleofpeoplewithhighIQsthaninthegeneralpopulationdoesn’tprovethathighintelligenceisthecauseofthedisorder.___38___Allthesame,thefindingssetthestageforresearchthatpromisestocastnewlightonthelinkbetweenintelligenceandhealth.Onepossibilityisthatassociationsbetweenintelligenceandhealthoutcomesreflectpleiotropy(基因多效性),whichoccurswhenageneinfluencesseeminglyunrelatedcharacteristics.___39___Ina2015study,RosalindArdenandhercolleaguesconcludedthattheassociationbetweenIQandlivinglongerismostlyexplainedbygeneticfactors.Fromapracticalstandpoint,thisresearchmayleadtoinsightsabouthowtoimprovepeople’spsychologicalandphysicalwell-being.A.Nowthere’ssomebadnewsforthosesmartpeople.B.Thereisalreadysomeevidencetosuggestthatthisisthecase.C.Itisanunusuallystrongreactiontoanenvironmentalthreatorabuse.D.Scientistsdidmanyresearchestounderstandthereasonsbehindtheadvantages.E.Thatmaycausethebody’sstressresponse,whichmaymakethepersonevenmoreanxious.F.It’salsopossiblethatpeoplewhojoinMensadifferfromotherpeopleinwaysotherthanjustIQ.G.Theyfoundthatthedifferencesbetweentherespondentswereseenformoodandanxietydisorders.第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Wealllovetocriticize,butunfortunately,wealsohatebeingcriticized.Wefreelypostandcommentonothers,butfeelannoyedatthewayothersassessus,bothonlineandinperson.Theworldseemsunlikelytochangeanytimesoon.Fortunately,though,eachofuscanchangehowwegiveandtakecriticism,whichwillmakeuslesslikelytoharmothers,moreresistanttobeingangry,andbetterabletobenefitfromfeedback—evenwhenitisnegative.Criticismisdefinedasjudgmentofthemerits(优点)andfaultsofsomethingorsomeoneinwrittenorspokenform.Technically,criticismcanincludepraise,butthatisn’twhatconcernsushere.Whatannoysusiscriticismofthenegativevariety,evenwhenwell-intentioned—so-calledconstructivecriticism,whichmeanstoprovideguidancesowecanimprove.Worstofallisdestructivecriticism,whichaimstocausehurtordamage.Thecultureofcriticismisn’tgoingaway.Theonlywaytoflourish(繁荣)init,anddespiteit,istoadoptnewhabitsofgettingandgivingcriticalfeedback.Oneruleistoassumethatcriticism,evenwhenitseemspersonal,isnotactuallyaboutyoupersonally.Whenwereceivecriticism,wemakeitpersonalintwoways.First,wemaynaturallyanalyzethecriticratherthanthecriticism.Second,wetendtoconsiderthecriticismajudgmentonournaturalabilities,ratherthanonourperformance.Interestingly,evenamongyoungchildren,researchshowsthatviewingcriticismasajudgmentonone’sabilitiescanleadtolowerself-worth,lowerpositivemood,andlesspersistenceattasks.Iftakingcriticismisparticularlyhardforyou,youarenotalone.However,takingcriticismbadlyismoreembarrassing,ultimately,thanthecriticismitself.Ifwedotheworktolearntoacceptnegativefeedback,wewillbemuchbetteroff.40.Whatwillbetheresultsofchangingthewaywegiveandtakecriticism?____________________________________________________________________________________41.Whatisthedifferencebetweenconstructiveanddestructivecriticism?____________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Childrenwhoreceivecriticismhavelowerself-worthbecausetheytakecriticismasajudgmentontheirperformance.____________________________________________________________________________________43.Whatbenefit(s)wouldyougainfromlearningtoacceptnegativefeedback?(Inabout40words)____________________________________________________________________________________第二节大作文(共20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校上个月举办了九十周年校庆活动。英国交换生Jim听闻后，对此活动非常感兴趣，请你给Jim发邮件，内容包括：1.校庆活动介绍；2.你