2023届5月上海市高三英语综合测试（二）附答案

2023届高三英语综合测试卷（二GV&ReadingComprehension（6065分II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank."HowshouldaNobellaureatedress?"askedKazuoIshiguro,who,40minutesearlier,hadfoundouthe21(award)theNobelPrizeforLiterature.Tosaythenewswasunexpectedisanunderstatement.Heliterallycouldn'tbelieve22thatwas,hisphonebegantoringconstantly,anorderlyqueueofTVcrewsstartedtoformoutsidehisfrontdoor("howdotheyallknowwhereIlive?"),andhispublishersdispatchedatopteamtohishouseasback-up.Thiswasnotfakenews.Thiswasdelightful,surprisingnews.Maybetherewereothers (win)instead,hewondered."Butthatisthenatureofprizes.Theyarealottery."24chaosreignedaroundhim,hewascalm,assuredandthoughtful,25(talk)(afternippingupstairstofetchasmartjacketforourinterview)abouthisbeliefinthepowerofstoriesand26thosethathewrotewouldoftenexplorewastedlivesandopportunities."I'vealwayshad27 faiththatitshouldbepossible,ifyoutellstoriesinacertainway,totranscendbarriersofrace,classandethnicity."Forme,heisoneofthegreatlivingwritersworkinginanylanguage.Allwriterscantellstories.Ishigurotellsstorieson level.Heplacesthereaderinsomesortofalternativereality-whichmightbethefuture,itmightbethepresent,itmightbethepast.Theyfeellikeplacesthatarewholeandreal,29youdon'tknowthem.They'reweirdandnotnecessarilyhappyplaces.Butthey'replacesthatyoucaninhabitandrelateto,andyoubecomedeeplyinvolvedwiththecharacters.That'sthewriter'sjob---hejustdoesit (good)thanmost.SectionA.prizedB.answerableC.limitD.accessibleE.projectedF.justifyG.piratedH.insightfulI.chieflyJ.purchaseK.genuinelyDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.WelivetodayindebtedtoMcCardell,Cashin,Hawes,Wilkins,andMaxwell,andotherwomenwholiberatedAmericanfashionfromthe ofParisiandesign.Independencecameintying,wrapping,storing,andrationalizingthatwardrobe.Thesedesignersestablishedthemodemdresscode,lettingplaysuitsandotheractiveoutfitssuitcasualclothing,allowingpantstoenterthewardrobe,andprizingrationalismandutilityindress,incontradictiontodressingforanoccasion.FashioninAmericawaslogicaland tothewillofthewomenwhoworeit.Americanfashionaddressedademocracy,whereastraditionalParis-basedfashionwasprescriptiveandimposedonwomen,willingornot.Inanearliertime,AmericanfashionhadalsofollowedthedictatesofParis,or specificFrenchdesigns.DesignersportswearwasnotmodeledonthatofEurope,as“modernart”wouldlaterbe;itwas inventedanddevelopedinAmerica.Itsdesignerswerenothigh-endwithsupplementarylines.Thedesignobjectiveandthebusinesscommitmentweretargetedtosportswear,andthedistinctivetraitswereproblem-solvingingenuity（独创性）andrealisticlifestyleapplications.Easeofcarewasmostimportant:summerdressesandoutfits,inparticular,were cotton,readilycapableofbeingwashedandpressedathome.Closingsweresimple,practical,and ,asthemodernwomandependedonnopersonalmaidtodressher.Americandesigners thefreedomofwomenwhoworetheclothing.Manyhavearguedthatthewomendesignersofthattime theirownclothingvaluesintoanewstyle.Ofcourse,muchofthisargumentinthe1930s-40swasadvancedbecausetherewaslittleornoexperienceindesigningclothesonthebasisofutility.Butcouldutility thenewideasoftheAmericandesigners?Fashionisoftenregardedasapursuitofbeauty,andsomecherishedfashion’srelationshiptothefinearts.WhatthedesignersoftheAmericansportswearprovedwasthatfashionisadesignart,answeringtothedemandingneedsofservice.Ofcoursethesepractical, designershavedeterminedthecourseoflatetwentieth-centuryfashion.Theywerethepioneersofgenderequity,intheiruseful,adaptableclothing,whichwasbothmadeforthemassesandcapableofself-expression.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Nowelsewhereintheworld,Icelandmaybespokenof,somewhatbreathlessly,aswesternEurope’slastpristinewildness.Butthetruthis,onceyou’reoffthe41 trackofthelow-lyingcoastalareaswhereeveryonelives,theroadsarefew,andthey’reallbad,42 naturalwondershavebeenoutofreachandunknowneventoitsown .Forthemthelandhasalwaysjustbeenthere,somethingthathadtobedealtwithand,ifpossible, mind-setbeingoneoflandascommodityratherthanlandas,well,pricelessartonthescaleofthe“MonaLisa”.Whentheopportunityarosein2003forthenationalpowercompanytoenterintoa40-year withtheAmericanaluminumcompanyAlcoatosupplyhydroelectricpowerforanewsmelter(冶炼厂),thosewhohadbeendreamingofsomethinglikethisfordecades46 opportunity.Foralongtime,lifeherehadmeantlittlemorethanahut,darkallwinter,cold,nohope,childrendyingleftandright,plagues,starvation,volcanoeseruptinganddestroyingallvegetationandlivestock,allspirit——world47 almostentirelyaroundthewelfareofone’ssheepand,later,onhowgoodthecodcatchwas.Intheoutlyingregions,itstilllargelydoes.Ostensibly,theAlconprojectwasintendedtosaveoneofthesedyingregions——theremoteandsparselypopulatedeast——wherethewayoflifehadsteadily48 toapointofdesperationandgloom.Afterfishingquotas(定额)were49 intheearly1980stoprotectfishstocks,manyindividualboatownerssoldtheirallotmentsorgavethemaway,fishingrightsendedupmostlyinthehandsofafewcompaniesandsmallfishermenwerevirtually50 .Technologicaladvancesdrainedawayevenmorejobspreviouslydonebyhumanhands,andthepeoplewereseeingeverythingtheyhadworkedforalltheirlivesturnouttobe51 andtheirchildrenmoveaway.Withtheoldwayoflifedoomed,aluminumprojectslikethisonehadcometobeperceived,wiselyornot,asalastchance.“Smelterordeath.”ThecontractwithAlcoawouldinfusetheregionwithforeign52 ,anestimated400jobsandspin-offserviceindustries.ItalsowasawayforIcelandtodevelopexpertisethat53 besoldtotherestoftheworldand54 aneconomyhistoricallydependentonfish.“Wehavetolive,”HalldorAsgrimssonsaid.Halldor,aformerprimeministerandlongtimememberofparliamentfromtheregion,wasadriving55 behindtheproject.“Wehavearighttolive.”41.A.B.C. D.42.A.B.C. D.43.A.B.C. D.44.A.B.C. D.45.A.B.C. D.46.A.gaveB.jumpedC.rushed D.made47.A.B.C. D.48.A.B.C.D.49.A.B.C.D.50.A.wipedB.heldC.keptD.put51.A.B.C.D.52.A.B.C.D.53.A.B.C.D.54.A.B.C.D.55.A.B.C.D.SectionDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AOnThursday,September1,1859,a33-year-oldamateurastronomernamedRichardCarringtonclimbedthestairstohisprivateobservatorynearLondon,andaswashishabitonasunnymorning,adjustedhistelescopetocapturean11-inchimageofthesunontoascreen.Hewastracingsunspotsonapieceofpaperwhenbeforehiseyes,“twodotsofextremelybrightandwhitelight”suddenlyappearedinonelargesunspotgroup.Beforedawnthenextdayenormousauroral(像极光的)displaysofred,green,andpurplelightedtheskiesasfarsouthasHawaiiandPanama.CampersintheRockyMountains,mistakingtheauroraforsunrise,gotupandstartedcookingbreakfast.Theflare（耀斑）Carringtonhadobservedsignaledasolarsuper-storm---anenormousoutburstthatsentbillionsoftonsofelectrically-chargedmattertowardEarth.Whentheinvisible strucktheplanet’smagneticfield（磁场）,itcausedelectricalcurrentstomovethroughtelegraphlines.Theblastknockedoutserviceatseveralstations,buttelegrapherselsewherefoundthattheycoulddisconnecttheirbatteriesandgoonwithoperationsusingthegeomagnetic(地磁的)electricityalone.Operatorsoftoday’scommunicationsystemsandpowergrids（电网）wouldbefortunate.Nosolarsuper-stormaspowerfulasthe1859eventhasoccurredsince,soitisdifficulttocalculatewhatimpactacomparablestormmighthaveontoday’smorewiredworld.AhintcamewiththeQuebecblackoutofMarch13,1989,whenasolarstormroughlyathirdlesspowerfulthantheCarringtoneventknockedoutthepowergridservingmorethansixmillioncustomersinlessthantwominutes’time.ACarrington-classstormcouldfrymoretransformers（变电器）thanthepowercompanieshavestockedleavingmillionswithoutlightwater,heating,air-conditioning,fuel,telephoneservice,orevenfoodandmedicationsduringthemonthsitwouldtaketomanufactureandinstallnewtransformers.ArecentNationalAcademyofSciencesreportestimatesthatsuchastormcouldcausetheeconomicdamageof20Katrina-classtornadoes,costingonetotwotrilliondollarsinthefirstyearaloneandtakingadecadetorecover“Wecannotpredictwhatthesunwilldomorethanafewdaysaheadoftime,”saysKarelSchrijveroftheSolarandAstrophysicsLaboratoryinPaloAlto,California.Withaperiodofmaximumsolaractivityexpectedtobeginthisyear,space-weathercentresareaddingstaffandhopingforthebest.“We’retryingtounderstandhowspaceweatheraffectssocietyandjusthowbaditcanget,”saysSchrijver.Whatimpactdidsolarsuper-stormoccurringin1859makeontheShuttingdownpower B.DestroyingC.Interruptingsometelegraph D.FrighteningmountainWhatcanbeconcludedfromthethirdparagraphoftheTheQuebecblackoutin1989wascausedbyaCarrington-classsolarACarrington-classsolarstormcausedgreatdamageof20Katrina-classAsolarsuper-stormcouldsendmillionsofpeoplebacktoapre-electricwayofOperatorsoftoday’scommunicationsystemsarelessfortunatethanthetelegraphersWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtotheAfewdays’warningofthesolarstormcanbegivenbythespace-weathercenterCarringtonprovidedahugecompleteimageofthesolarsurfacetheveryAsolarsuper-stormcouldcausecommunicationblackoutaswellaspowerD.Weareincreasinglydependingonelectricalequipmentandspace-basedWhichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleoftheTheForecastofSpace B.SunFlaresandSunC.ACarrington-classSolar D.TheImpactofSolarBCoronavirus:Whatis“flatteningthecurve”andwillitInepidemiology,theideaofslowingavirus’spreadsothatfewerpeopleneedtoseektreatmentatanygiventimeisknownas“flatteningthecurve”.Itexplainswhysomanycountriesareimplementing"socialdistancing"guidelines—includinga“shelterinplace”orderthataffects6.7millionpeopleinNorthernCalifornia,eventhoughCOVID-19outbreakstheremightnotyetseemHere’swhatyouneedtoknowaboutthecurve,andwhywewanttoflattenWhatistheThe“curve”researchersaretalkingaboutreferstotheprojectednumberofpeoplewhowillcontractCOVID-19overaperiodoftime.(Tobeclear,thisisnotahardpredictionofhowpeoplewilldefinitelybeinfected,butatheoreticalnumberthat'susedtomodelthevirus’spread.)Here’swhatonelookslike:Thecurvetakesondifferentshapes,dependingonthevirus’sinfectionrate.Itcouldbeasteepcurve,inwhichthevirusspreadsexponentially(thatis,casecountskeepdoublingataconsistentrate),andthetotalnumberofcasesskyrocketstoitspeakwithinafewweeks.Infectioncurveswithasteeprisealsohaveasteepfall;afterthevirusinfectsprettymucheveryonewhocanbeinfected,casenumbersbegintodropexponentially,too.Thefastertheinfectioncurverises,thequickerthelocalhealthcaresystemgetsoverloadedbeyonditscapacitytotreatpeople.Aswe’reseeinginItaly,moreandmorenewpatientsmaybeforcedtogowithoutICUbeds,andmoreandmorehospitalsmayrunoutofthebasicsuppliestheyneedtorespondtotheoutbreak.Aflattercurve,ontheotherhand,assumesthesamenumberofpeopleultimatelygetinfected,butoveralongerperiodoftime.Aslowerinfectionratemeansalessstressedhealthcaresystem,fewerhospitalvisitsonanygivendayandfewersickpeoplebeingturnedaway.HowdoweflattentheAsthereiscurrentlynovaccineorspecificmedicationtotreatCOVID-19,theonlywaytoflattenthecurveisthroughcollectiveaction.Somegovernmentshaverecommendedthatallcitizenswashtheirhandsfrequently,self-isolatewhenthey'resickorsuspecttheymightbe,andstart“socialdistancing”rightaway.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingaboutthecurveisThecurvehasdifferentshapesdependingonthetypesofThecurvewithaflatterrisehasaflatterfallasThesteepcurvesuggestslocalhealthsystemmightmaintainitsThecurvehereshowsthenumberofpeoplewho’vebeenWhyisitimportanttoflattentheThetimefortheinfectionwillbePeoplecandevelopimmunitytotheThehealthcaresystemcanhandletheinfectedVaccinescanbedevelopedtostopthespreadoftheWhatisthewaymentionedinthepassagetoflattenthePuttinglocalhealthcaresystemunderPayingmorefrequentvisitstolocalGivingpeopleeffectivemedicationorPracticingsocialdistancingassoonasCIfyou’veeverstartedasentencewith,“IfIwereyou...”orfoundyourselfscratchingyourheadatacolleague’sagonyoveradecisionwhentheansweriscrystal-clear,there’sascientificreasonbehindit.Ourowndecision-makingabilitiescanbecomedepletedoverthecourseofthedaycausingindecisionorpoorchoices,butchoosingonbehalfofsomeoneelseisanenjoyabletaskthatdoesn’tsufferthesamepitfalls.Theproblemis“decisionfatigue”apsychologicalphenomenonthatonthequalityofyourchoicesafteralongdayofdecisionmaking,saysEvanPolman,aleadingpsychologist.Physicianswhohavebeenonthejobforseveralhours,forexample,aremorelikelytoprescribeantibioticstopatientswhenit’sunwisetodoso.“Presumablyit’sbecauseit’ssimpleandeasytowriteaprescriptionandconsiderapatientcaseclosedratherthaninvestigatefurther,”Polmansays.Butdecisionfatiguegoesawaywhenyouaremakingthedecisionforsomeoneelse.Whenpeopleimaginethemselvesasadvisersandimaginetheirownchoicesasbelongingtosomeoneelse,theyfeellesstiredandrelylessondecisionshortcutstomakethosechoices.“Bytakingupontheroleofadviserratherthandecisionmaker,onedoesnotsuffertheconsequencesofdecisionfatigue,”hesays.“It’sasifthere’ssomethingfunand‘liberatingaboutmakingsomeoneelse’schoice.”Gettinginputfromothersnotonlyoffersafreshperspectiveandthoughtprocess,itoftenalsoincludesriskierchoices.Whilethissoundsundesirable,itcanbequitegood,saysPolman.“Whenpeopleexperiencedecisionfatigue—whentheyaretiredofmakingchoices—theyhaveatendencytochoosetogowiththestatusquo,hesays.Butthestatusquocanbeproblematic,sinceachangeinthecourseofactioncansometimesbeimportantandleadtoapositiveoutcome.”Inordertoachieveasuccessfuloutcomeorreward,somelevelofriskisalmostalwaysessential.“Peoplewhoaresusceptibletodecisionfatiguewilllikelychoosetodonothingoversomething,”hesays.“That’snottosaythatriskisalwaysgood,butitisrelatedtotakingaction,whereasdecisionfatigueassuredlyleadstoinactionandthepossiblechagrinofadecisionmakerwhomightotherwisepreferanewcoursebutisunfortunatelyhindered.”Justbecauseyoucanmakegoodchoicesforothersdoesn’tmeanyou’lldothesameforyourself,Polmancautions.“Researchhasfoundthatwomennegotiatehighersalariesforothersthantheydoforthemselves,”hesays,addingthatpeopleslipinandoutofdecisionroles.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeoplemakingTheymaybecomeexhaustedbymakingtoomanydecisionsforTheyaremorecautiousinmakingdecisionsforothersthanforTheytendtomakedecisionsthewaytheythinkadvantageoustoTheyshowconsiderabledifferencesintheirdecision-makingWhatdoestheexampleaboutthephysiciansPatientsseldomreceiveduecaretowardstheendofthePrescriptionofantibioticscanbeharmfultopatients’DecisionfatiguemaypreventpeoplemakingwiseMedicaldoctorsareespeciallysusceptibletodecisionWhatarepeoplelikelytodowhendecisionfatiguesetsTheyturntophysiciansforTheytendtomakeriskyTheyadoptatotallynewTheyrefrainfromtryinganythingWhatdoesthepassagesayabouttakingsomeriskindecisionItisvitalforonetoreachthegoalItislikelytoentailseriousItwillenablepeopletobemoreItwillmoreoftenthannotendinSectionDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.ThatThatis,itisnotanaccidentthatyoungemployeeswillbedifferentfromolderTheweaknessofhumannaturecausethedisharmonyamongAsaresult,companiesarelookingforindividualswhocanmanageawiderangeofemployeeseffectively.Suchoptimisminthefaceofdifficultieswouldbeasourceofunhappinessbetweenyouandthem.Therefore,employersshouldpayattentiontothedifferentwaysofexpressingangerintheThatindividualsfromdifferentgenerationsshouldcometovieweachotherasiftheywerefromdifferentsidesofwarringcountriesshouldnotbesurprising.Today’sworkplaceisuniqueinhistory.Neverbeforehaveweseenpeopleworkingtogetherwhorepresentsuchdifferentbac