2026年高考英语终极冲刺：专题07 完形填空说明文（大题专练）（全国适用）（原卷版）

PAGE4/20专题07完形填空说明文【命题解码·定方向】命题趋势+3年高考真题热点角度拆解【解题建模·通技法】析典例，建模型，技法贯通破类题/变式【实战刷题·冲高分】精选高考大题+名校模拟题，强化实战能力，得高分命题·趋势·定位1.选材特点：说明文完形填空通常介绍科学发现、社会现象、文化习俗、技术创新或事物原理。选材多源自权威杂志、研究报告或科普文章，内容客观、严谨，具有时代性和知识性。2.语篇结构：结构清晰，常遵循“引出话题→介绍背景/定义概念→阐述细节/列举论据→总结意义/展望未来”的逻辑顺序。文章脉络清晰，逻辑性强，多包含定义、举例、对比、因果等关系。3.命题热点：上下文逻辑推理：根据转折、因果、并列、递进等逻辑关系推断答案。专业术语与语境理解：在科普或专业语境中，理解并选择符合语境的名词、动词。固定搭配与句式结构：考查常见动词短语、介词短语及特定句型结构。作者观点与态度：通过文中关键词句推断作者对所述事物的态度（支持、反对、客观等）。4.常见的设问形式：考查连接词（however,therefore,moreover）以体现逻辑关系。考查实词（动词、名词、形容词）在专业语境下的准确运用。考查对长难句的理解及句内成分的搭配。热点·角度·拆解2023-2025高考考点细目（完形填空说明文）卷别词数主题话题命题形式2025·上海卷约420人与社会科学合作在生态保护与科研中的关键作用逻辑关系、词义辨析、动词短语2023·上海卷约430人与社会医学诊断中确定性与不确定性的平衡逻辑关系、专业语境词义、固定搭配2024·浙江1月卷约390人与自然动物文化行为与人类对文化遗产定义的思考语境推理、名词辨析、情感态度2024·北京卷约350人与自我尝试新事物带来的成长与自信词义辨析、情感变化、语境逻辑2023·全国乙卷约380人与社会美国体操运动员的奋斗与成功动词短语、名词辨析、人物经历2025·上海卷约420人与社会科学合作在生态保护与科研中的关键作用逻辑关系、词义辨析、动词短语2023·上海卷约430人与社会医学诊断中确定性与不确定性的平衡逻辑关系、专业语境词义、固定搭配2024·浙江1月卷约390人与自然动物文化行为与人类对文化遗产定义的思考语境推理、名词辨析、情感态度热点角度01上下文逻辑与专业语境析典例·建模型（2023·上海卷·高考真题）Doctorsarescientistswhooperateinaworldofstatistics,oddsandprobability.Yetthey'velongbeentaughtthatwhendealingwithpatientstheyshouldconveyareassuringlevelofconfidenceandcertainty.[1]______,patientsexpecttheirdoctorstogivethemacleardiagnosisandastraightforwardcourseoftreatment.Butnowthatinformationabouteverymedicalconditionimaginableisjustafewclicksaway,expertsareaskingwhetherdoctors'apparent[2]______whencommunicatingwiththeirpatientsactuallydoesmoreharmthangood.Withtheinformationoverloadbroughtbytheprogressofmedicineandtechnologyanswersare[3]______blackorwhite.1.A.Ononehand B.Afterwards C.Asaresult D.Aboveall2.A.victim B.instance C.transparency D.certainty3.A.frequently B.generally C.rarely D.mainly【解题建模】第一步，通读全文，把握主旨。文章探讨医生在医疗实践中面对不确定性时，其沟通方式应如何调整。第二步，逐空分析，运用逻辑与语境。第1空：前句说医生被教导要传达自信和确定性，后句说患者期望明确的诊断，前后为因果关系。“Asaresult”（因此）符合逻辑。选C。第2空：前文多次提到“confidenceandcertainty”，此处指医生表现出的明显“确定性”（certainty）。选D。第3空：前句“informationoverload”说明信息复杂，答案很少（rarely）是黑白分明的。选C。第三步，验证答案，确保连贯。代入答案后，逻辑链条清晰：医生传达确定性→患者因此期望明确答案→但信息爆炸使答案不再明确。研考点·通技法逻辑关系词说明文逻辑严密，要特别关注因果（asaresult,therefore）、转折（however,but）、并列（and,moreover）等连接词，它们能揭示句子间的内在联系。专业语境词义在科普或专业类文章中，要结合语境理解词汇的特定含义。如“certainty”在医学语境中代表“诊断的确定性”。破类题·提能力（2025·上海卷·高考真题）Inthescientificfield,justasimportantasraisingourvoicesishowwecometogether.Progressdoesn’thappen1;it’sfueledbycooperation.Likeamusicbandwhereeveryinstrumentplaysitspart,scientistsfromdifferentbackgroundsharmonizetheirexpertise(专门技术)tocreatesomethinggreaterthanthe2ofitsparts.I’vewitnessedthatcooperativepowerfirsthandthroughaninitiativecalledNativePlantHub.Thisinitiativebringstogetherlocalgovernments,tribalcommunities,academicinstitutions,andprivatelandowners.Their3mission?Addressingcriticalshortagesinnativeplantmaterialstosupportfirereduction,foreignspeciescontrol,andhabitatrestorationacrossthewesternUnitedStates.Itcouldn’thavesucceededwithoutthecombinedexpertiseofthese4groups.Eachcontributessomethingessential,provingthatlarge-scaleconservationeffortsdon’thappen5;theyrequirelong-terminvestment,cooperation,andcommitment.It’samodelforhowweshould6solutionsthatencourageinnovationandtransformtheworld.That’swhyI’msopassionateabouttheCESnetwork—it’srightthereinthename:CooperativeEcosystemStudies.Exchangingknowledgeandexpertiseisthefoundationofscientificprogress.Throughpartnerships,improvementsemergethatmight7remaindifficulttoachieve.Forexample,aprojecthighlightI’mcurrentlywritinglooksatthecooperationbetweenUniversityofOregonresearchersandtheParkServicetostudytheculturallandscapeofCarlsbadCaverns.WhentheServicesuggestedbringinginacavemicrobiologist,theuniversityteam8hadn’tconsideredtheroleofmicroscopiclifeinpreservation.Butonceinvolved,themicrobiologist’sadviceproved9.Onekeymomentcamewhentheteamfacedthe10ofaworseninghistoricwoodenstaircase,whichhadbecomeahabitatformicroorganisms.Withoutprecautions(预防措施,),disturbingthestructurecouldhave11thecave’sdelicateecosystem.Beforeremovingit,themicrobiologistproposedcoveringthestaircaseto12unintendedharm.Afterthesuccessfulrelocation,theteamproposedusingprojectedimagestoillustrateitsformer13,enablingvisitorstoappreciateitshistoricalsignificance.Thiscooperation—combiningscientificexpertisewithculturalpreservation—safeguardedboththecave’secological14andhistoricalsignificance.Theresultisanapproachthat15environmentalconservationandculturalpreservation,ensuringthelong-termprotectionofournationalparks.Toooften,scientificresearchoperatesseparately.Butrealprogressdoesn’tcomefromopposition;itcomesfromcooperation.1．A．intime B．underdiscussion C．forgood D．inisolation2．A．difference B．change C．sum D．management3．A．respective B．deserted C．transitional D．shared4．A．diverse B．educational C．foreign D．regional5．A．slowly B．alongside C．overnight D．properly6．A．unlock B．skip C．interpret D．classify7．A．similarly B．otherwise C．altogether D．eventually8．A．consequently B．regretfully C．fortunately D．initially9．A．unrealistic B．invaluable C．misleading D．conventional10．A．establishment B．decoration C．removal D．coverage11．A．sustained B．replaced C．reformed D．ruined12．A．cause B．mask C．prevent D．suffer13．A．presence B．expression C．pollution D．strategy14．A．supervision B．integrity C．guidance D．occupation15．A．accesses B．balances C．evaluates D．traces热点角度02固定搭配与句式结构析典例·建模型（2023·上海卷·高考真题）Doctorsintraining,likegamblers,needtobe[1]______workinginafieldinwhichthey'reconstantlyweighingtheoddsbasedonamyriadoffactors.WhenUpshurteachesmedicalstudentshowtodiagnoseanailment(小恙),hetellsthemto[2]______theirinquiry—comeupwithalistofpossibilities,ratherthanquicklyhomeinonasinglesolution.1.A.comparedwith B.accountedfor C.accustomedto D.annoyedat2.A.cover B.train C.clarify D.broaden【解题建模】第一步，定位考点。本题组主要考查动词短语和动词与宾语的搭配。第二步，分析搭配与语境。第1空：beaccustomedto(doing)sth.意为“习惯于……”，医生需要习惯于在充满变数的领域工作。选C。第2空：根据后文“comeupwithalistofpossibilities”可知，是拓宽（broaden）询问的范围。选D。第三步，代入验证。“beaccustomedto”准确描述了医生的职业状态，“broadentheirinquiry”与后文的“alist”形成完美呼应。研考点·通技法固定搭配熟练掌握常见动词短语（如beaccustomedto,comeupwith）、介词短语（如inisolation,asaresult）和句型结构（如it’s...to...）。动宾搭配注意动词与宾语的逻辑搭配。例如，我们可以“broadeninquiry”（拓宽调查），但不能“traininquiry”。破类题·提能力（2023·上海卷·高考真题）Doctorsarescientistswhooperateinaworldofstatistics,oddsandprobability.Yetthey’velongbeentaughtthatwhendealingwithpatientstheyshouldconveyareassuringlevelofconfidenceandcertainty.1,patientsexpecttheirdoctorstogivethemacleardiagnosisandastraightforwardcourseoftreatment.Butnowthatinformationabouteverymedicalconditionimaginableisjustafewclicksaway,expertsareaskingwhetherdoctors’apparent2whencommunicatingwiththeirpatientsactuallydoesmoreharmthangood.Withtheinformationoverloadbroughtbytheprogressofmedicineandtechnologyanswersare2blackorwhite.Medicalschoolsareonlyjuststartingtoteachdoctorshowtodealwiththis,andpatients’expectationshaven’t3,either.“Medicinehasalwaysfallenshortofthesortofcertaintythatwefindinmathandgeometry”,saysDr.RossUpshur,aresearcherattheDallaLanaSchoolofPublicHealthinToronto.“Ifyouthinkaboutknowledgeandwhatitdoes,it’sabout4uncertainty,notaboutcreatingcertainty.”Doctorsintraining,likegamblers,needtobe5workinginafieldinwhichthey’reconstantlyweighingtheoddsbasedonamyriadoffactors.WhenUpshurteachesmedicalstudentshowtodiagnoseanailment(小恙),hetellsthemto6theirinquiry—comeupwithalistofpossibilities,ratherthanquicklyhomeinonasinglesolution.“Evenwhenyoumakeadiagnosisthatyouthinkisfirm,youusuallydon’thavecertaintyaboutwhatwouldbethebest7andwhattheoutcomeswillbeinthelongrun.”Technologyhashelped8thequestforcertainty.Wearereachingapointwherewecanfeedalistofsymptomsintoacomputerandgetamore9diagnosisthanfromadoctor.Dr.RichardSchwartzstein,aprofessorofmedicineatHarvardMedicalSchool,seessuchdevelopmentsasbotha/an10andanopportunity.Ononehand,hesays,“technologytriestopushyoutoa/an11levelofcertainty.Dothistesttogeta99percentlevelofcertaintythatyouhavethisdisease.”Ontheotherhand,computerscan’t12adiagnosisoratreatmenttopatientsinacomfortingway.Takearoutinescreeningtestforearly-stagelungcancer.Basedonyourage,yoursmokingstatus,andyourgender,acomputercandoagreatjobofevaluatingthechancesoffindingacancerousnodule(癌症结节).Itcanalso13quitepreciselytheriskofdevelopinganactualcancerbasedonthesizeandshapeofanodule.Whatitcan’tdo,14,isdecidehowtobreakthenewsthatyouhaveanoduleinyourlungthathasa1percentchanceofbecomingacancer.1．A．Ononehand B．Afterwards C．Asaresult D．Aboveall2．A．victim B．instance C．transparency D．certainty3．A．frequently B．generally C．rarely D．mainly4．A．adored B．transformed C．faded D．adjusted5．A．limiting B．hitting C．threatening D．assembling6．A．comparedwith B．accountedfor C．accustomedto D．annoyedat7．A．cover B．train C．clarify D．broaden8．A．identify B．cure C．defend D．cause9．A．enlighten B．redefine C．commit D．guarantee10．A．accurate B．plain C．serious D．remedial11．A．challenge B．encounter C．conversation D．dispute12．A．dangerous B．maximal C．unfavorable D．contrasting13．A．stuff B．hint C．communicate D．indicate14．A．conclude B．understand C．assume D．calculate15．A．however B．therefore C．moreover D．hence（建议用时：45分钟）刷模拟A（2026·湖北武汉·模拟）Inrecentyears,theconceptof“digitalminimalism”hasgainedsignificanttraction.It’saphilosophythatencouragesindividualstobemore[1]______abouttheiruseoftechnology,focusingonlyonthetoolsthat[2]______valuetotheirlives.Theideaisn’tto[3]______technologyaltogether,buttouseitwithintention.CalNewport,acomputerscienceprofessor,[4]______theterminhis2019book.Hearguesthattheconstant[5]______ofnotificationsandthepressuretobealwaysonlineare[6]______ourabilitytofocusdeeply.Thisconstantdistraction,hesays,leadstohigherlevelsof[7]______andalowersenseofwellbeing.Thepracticeofdigitalminimalisminvolvesathreestepprocess.First,youtakea30daybreakfromanytechnologyyou[8]______optional.This“digitaldeclutter”allowsyouto[9]______whatthesetoolsactuallyaddtoyourlife.Second,duringthisbreak,you[10]______activitiesthatyoufindmeaningful,likereading,exercising,orspendingtimeinnature.Finally,afterthebreak,you[11]______backaselectfewtechnologiesthattrulyserveyour[12]______,butonyourownterms.Whiletheideamayseem[13]______inourhyperconnectedworld,manywhohaveadoptedthepracticereportfeelingmorefocused,lessanxious,andmore[14]______withtheirofflinelives.Itservesasapowerful[15]______thatwe,notourdevices,shouldbeincontrol.1.A.curious B.anxious C.intentional D.enthusiastic2.A.add B.compare C.lose D.reduce3.A.adopt B.reject C.master D.study4.A.avoided B.popularized C.invented D.ignored5.A.flood B.lack C.silence D.analysis6.A.enhancing B.damaging C.measuring D.testing7.A.creativity B.productivity C.stress D.happiness8.A.consider B.prove C.pretend D.make9.A.forget B.hide C.assess D.ignore10.A.cutbackon B.lookforwardto C.runoutof D.takepartin11.A.hold B.call C.bring D.pay12.A.goals B.doubts C.mistakes D.troubles13.A.practical B.necessary C.extreme D.simple14.A.bored B.connected C.busy D.familiar15.A.warning B.promise C.reminder D.exampleB（2026·江苏南京·模拟）Thesecrettoalonger,healthierlifemightbesimplerthanwethink.Agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhathavingastrongsenseof[1]______isakeyfactor.Thisisn’taboutavoidingillness,butabouthavingareasontogetupinthemorning.Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewithastrong“why”tendtohavelowerratesofheartdisease,bettercognitivefunction,andeven[2]______longerlives.Onelandmarkstudyfollowedthousandsofolderadultsforyearsandfoundthatthosewhoreportedahighsenseofpurposeweresignificantlylesslikelyto[3]______fromastrokeorheartattack.So,howdoespurpose[4]______itsprotectiveeffects?Scientistsbelieveit’sacombinationoffactors.Peoplewithpurposearemorelikelyto[5]______inhealthybehaviors,likeregularexerciseandabalanceddiet.Theyalsotendtohavelowerlevelsofstresshormones,asasenseofdirectionhelpsthem[6]______life’sinevitablechallenges.Furthermore,purposeoften[7]______socialconnections,whicharethemselvesapowerfulpredictorofhealth.Thegoodnewsisthatpurposeisn’tsomethingyoueitherhaveoryoudon’t.Itcanbe[8]______.Itmightbefoundinnurturingafamily,[9]______foracauseyoubelievein,masteringaskill,orsimplytakingcareofapet.Thekeyistoidentifywhat[10]______toyouandcommittoit.Inaworldthatoften[11]______onproductivityandachievement,it’seasytooverlookthisfundamentalhumanneed.Butinvestinginyoursenseofpurposemaybeoneofthemost[12]______thingsyoucandoforyourlongtermhealthandhappiness.It’sa[13]______thatthebestthingsinlifearen’tthingsatall,butthe[14]______thatgivesourlivesmeaning.Asoneresearcherputit,“Havingareasontoliveisa[15]______reasontolivelonger.”1.A.humor B.purpose C.justice D.balance2.A.live B.enjoy C.survive D.endure3.A.recover B.suffer C.die D.learn4.A.weaken B.lose C.exert D.avoid5.A.engage B.believe C.result D.specialize6.A.create B.ignore C.navigate D.worsen7.A.breaks B.weakens C.severs D.fosters8.A.inherited B.measured C.cultivated D.ignored9.A.waiting B.volunteering C.preparing D.longing10.A.refers B.contributes C.turns D.matters11.A.focuses B.depends C.insists D.passes12.A.stressful B.harmful C.powerful D.challenging13.A.reminder B.promise C.burden D.choice14.A.money B.success C.health D.meaning15.A.strange B.powerful C.simple D.commonC（2026·广东深圳·模拟）Haveyoueverwonderedwhysomepeopleseemtobouncebackfromeverysetbackwhileothersfallapart?Theansweroftenliesinaqualitypsychologistscall“resilience.”Resilienceisnota[1]______traitthatyou’reeitherbornwithorwithout.Rather,it’sasetofskillsthatcanbe[2]______andstrengthenedovertime.Atitscore,resilienceistheabilityto[3]______adversityandadaptwellinthefaceoftrauma,tragedy,orsignificantstress.It’sabout[4]______,notavoiding,difficulties.TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationoutlinesseveralfactorsthat[5]______toresilience.Theseincludethecapacitytomakerealisticplansandtakestepstocarrythemout,apositiveviewofyourselfandconfidenceinyourstrengths,andskillsincommunicationandproblemsolving.Oneofthemostimportantfactors,however,isthepresenceofsupportiverelationships.Havingatleastonetrustedpersonyoucan[6]______onforencouragementandsupportactsasa[7]______againstlife’shardships.Theserelationshipsproviderolemodelsandofferthereassurancethatyouarenotaloneinyour[8]______.Resiliencedoesn’tmeanyouwon’texperiencedifficultyordistress.Emotionalpainandsadnessarecommoninpeoplewhohave[9]______majoradversity.Thepathtoresilienceislikelytoinvolveconsiderableemotional[10]______.Thekeyisthatresilientindividualsareableto[11]______thispain,learnfromtheexperience,andeventuallymoveforward.Fortunately,resiliencecanbecultivated.Practiceslikemaintainingahopefuloutlook,[12]______changeasapartoflife,andtakingdecisive[13]______canallhelpbuildyourresilience“muscle.”Byactivelyworkingontheseskills,youcanlearnto[14]______life’schallengesmoreeffectively,notjustsurvivingthem,butusingthemasa[15]______forgrowth.1.A.common B.rare C.fixed D.simple2.A.learned B.ignored C.inherited D.hidden3.A.cause B.avoid C.welcome D.handle4.A.fearing B.facing C.escaping D.creating5.A.contribute B.lead C.compare D.limit6.A.depend B.pass C.turn D.insist7.A.cure B.shield C.tool D.rule8.A.success B.struggles C.victories D.joys9.A.sought B.created C.suffered D.avoided10.A.stability B.calmness C.distress D.intelligence11.A.ignore B.process C.forget D.cause12.A.viewing B.preventing C.resisting D.controlling13.A.notes B.actions C.photos D.jokes14.A.create B.avoid C.worsen D.navigate15.A.barrier B.threat C.cause D.catalyst刷真题A（2023·上海·真题）Doctorsarescientistswhooperateinaworldofstatistics,oddsandprobability.Yetthey’velongbeentaughtthatwhendealingwithpatientstheyshouldconveyareassuringlevelofconfidenceandcertainty.1,patientsexpecttheirdoctorstogivethemacleardiagnosisandastraightforwardcourseoftreatment.Butnowthatinformationabouteverymedicalconditionimaginableisjustafewclicksaway,expertsareaskingwhetherdoctors'apparent2whencommunicatingwiththeirpatientsactuallydoesmoreharmthangood.Withtheinformationoverloadbroughtbytheprogressofmedicineandtechnologyanswersare3blackorwhite.Medicalschoolsareonlyjuststartingtoteachdoctorshowtodealwiththis,andpatients'expectationshaven't4,either.“Medicinehasalwaysfallenshortofthesortofcertaintythatwefindinmathandgeometry”,saysDr.RossUpshur,aresearcherattheDallaLanaSchoolofPublicHealthinToronto.“Ifyouthinkaboutknowledgeandwhatitdoes,it’sabout5uncertainty,notaboutcreatingcertainty.”Doctorsintraining,likegamblers,needtobe6workinginafieldinwhichthey’reconstantlyweighingtheoddsbasedonamyriadoffactors.WhenUpshurteachesmedicalstudentshowtodiagnoseanailment(小恙),hetellsthemto7theirinquiry—comeupwithalistofpossibilities,ratherthanquicklyhomeinonasinglesolution.“Evenwhenyoumakeadiagnosisthatyouthinkisfirm,youusuallydon’thavecertaintyaboutwhatwouldbethebest8andwhattheoutcomeswillbeinthelongrun.”Technologyhashelped9thequestforcertainty.Wearereachingapointwherewecanfeedalistofsymptomsintoacomputerandgetamore10diagnosisthanfromadoctor.Dr.RichardSchwartzstein,aprofessorofmedicineatHarvardMedicalSchool,seessuchdevelopmentsasbotha/an11andanopportunity.Ononehand,hesays,“technologytriestopushyoutoa/an12levelofcertainty.Dothistesttogeta99percentlevelofcertaintythatyouhavethisdisease.”Ontheotherhand,computerscan’t13adiagnosisoratreatmenttopatientsinacomfortingway.Takearoutinescreeningtestforearly-stagelungcancer.Basedonyourage,yoursmokingstatus,andyourgender,acomputercandoagreatjobofevaluatingthechancesoffindingacancerousnodule(癌症结节).Itcanalso14quitepreciselytheriskofdevelopinganactualcancerbasedonthesizeandshapeofanodule.Whatitcan’tdo,15,isdecidehowtobreakthenewsthatyouhaveanoduleinyourlungthathasa1percentchanceofbecomingacancer.1．A．Onthehand B．Afterwards C．Asaresult D．Aboveall2．A．victim B．instance C．transparency D．certainty3．A．frequently B．generally C．rarely D．mainly4．A．adored B．transformed C．faded D．adjusted5．A．limiting B．hitting C．threatening D．assembling6．A．comparedwith B．accountedfor C．accustomedto D．annoyedat7．A．cover B．train C．clarify D．broaden8．A．identify B．cure C．defend D．cause9．A．enlighten B．redefine C．commit D．guarantee10．A．accurate B．plain C．serious D．remedial11．A．challenge B．enc