北京市门头沟区高三下学期3月综合练习（一模）英语试题

门头沟区2025年高三年级综合练习英语本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Ihadjuststeppedintotheschoollibrarytoprepareformyresearchpaper.Iwaslookingthroughtheshelvesforareferencebookwhena(n)___1___caughtmyattention.“Therewillbeasciencepetitionnextmonth.Allstudentsinterestedareweletoparticipate.”Myclassmatesaroundmestarteddiscussingitenthusiasticallyandaskedme,“Areyougoingtojoin,Tom?”“Whynot?”Ireplied.Ihadno___2___inpetitionsbefore,butIthoughtitwouldbeagreatopportunitytochallengemyself.day,therewasacrowdofstudentsgatheringinthesciencelabtosignup.Everyoneseemeddetermined.Ihadn'tplannedtoget___3___inthisatfirst.ButnowthatIwashere,I___4___feltabitoverwhelmed(不知所措的).WhatifIcouldn'tmeettherequirements?Ifilledouttheregistrationformandtheteacher___5___mybasicknowledgeinscience.ShethenaskedmewhicheventIwantedtotakepartin.Theteacherencouragedmeandgavemesomeadvice.IfeltlikeIhada___6___,soIsaid,“Themostchallengingone.”Shesaidshewaslookingforwardtomyperformance.Istartedtoworry.WhatifIdisappointedher?Afewweekslater,thepreparationmaterialswere___7___bytheteacher.ThenIstartedtostudyintensively.Whenthepetitiondayfinallyarrived,Iwasbothnervousandexcited.Duringthepetition,Itriedtoanswerallthequestions.AndwhenIsawthe___8___ontheteacher'sfaceafterthepetition,IknewIhaddoneagoodjob.Aftertheresultswereannounced,IfoundoutthatIhadwonthefirstprize.Itwasanamazingfeeling.Andwhenmyclassmatesstarted___9___me,thatmademefeelextremelyproud.Ittaughtmethatby___10___newchallenges,IcouldachievemorethanIeverimagined.1.A.notice B.invitation C.reminder D.instruction2.A.degree B.difficulty C.potential D.experience3A.addicted B.caught C.trapped D.involved4.A.generally B.suddenly C.constantly D.originally5.A.explained B.exchanged C.examined D.extended6.A.credit B.change C.choice D.dream7.A.distributed B.destroyed C.reserved D.stored8.A.satisfaction B.disappointment C.curiosity D.anxiety9.A.forting B.congratulating C.encouraging D.acpanying10.A.meetingwith B.callingfor C.takingon D.preparingfor【答案】1.A2.D3.D4.B5.C6.C7.A8.A9.B10.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参加科学竞赛，选择了最有挑战性的一个，最终获得了一等奖的经历。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我正在书架上找参考书，这时一张布告引起了我的注意。A.notice布告；B.invitation邀请；C.reminder提醒物；D.instruction指导。根据后文“Therewillbeasciencepetitionnextmonth.Allstudentsinterestedareweletoparticipate.(下个月将有一场科学竞赛。欢迎所有感兴趣的学生参加)”可知是关于科学竞赛的布告。故选A。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以前没有比赛经验，但我认为这将是一个挑战自己的好机会。A.degree程度；B.difficulty困难；C.potential潜能；D.experience经验。根据后文“Ithoughtitwouldbeagreatopportunitytochallengemyself”可知，作者决定以此挑战自己，推测以前没有过比赛经验。故选D。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一开始并没有打算参与其中。A.addicted沉迷于；B.caught抓住；C.trapped困住；D.involved涉及。根据后文“Ifilledouttheregistration”此处指参与比赛，用getinvolvedin。故选D。【4题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但现在我在这里，我突然感到有点不知所措。A.generally通常；B.suddenly突然；C.constantly持续地；D.originally起初。根据后文“WhatifIcouldn’tmeettherequirements?(如果我达不到要求怎么办？)”指作者突然开始怀疑自己，感到有点不知所措。故选B。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我填写了登记表，老师检查了我的科学基础知识。A.explained解释；B.exchanged交换；C.examined检查；D.extended扩大。根据后文“mybasicknowledgeinscience”以及“ShethenaskedmewhicheventIwantedtotakepartin.Theteacherencouragedmeandgavemesomeadvice.(然后她问我想参加哪个项目。老师鼓励我，给了我一些建议)”可知，要参加比赛需要先检查基础知识，故选C。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得我有一个选择，所以我说，“最具挑战性的一个。”A.credit信用；B.change改变；C.choice选择；D.dream梦想。根据上文“ShethenaskedmewhicheventIwantedtotakepartin.”可知，指关于参加哪个项目的选择，作者选了最具挑战性的一个。故选C。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：几周后，准备材料由老师分发。A.distributed分发；B.destroyed破坏；C.reserved预定；D.stored储存。根据上文“thepreparationmaterialswere”指分发准备材料。故选A。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：比赛结束后，当我看到老师脸上的满足感时，我知道我做得很好。A.satisfaction满足；B.disappointment失望；C.curiosity好奇心；D.anxiety焦虑。根据后文“IknewIhaddoneagoodjob.”可知，作者做的很高，老师很满意。故选A。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的同学开始祝贺我时，我感到无比自豪。A.forting安慰；B.congratulating祝贺；C.encouraging鼓励；D.acpanying陪伴。根据上文“Aftertheresultswereannounced,IfoundoutthatIhadwonthefirstprize.(结果公布后，我发现我得了一等奖)”可知，作者得了一等奖，同学祝贺作者。故选B。【10题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：它告诉我，通过接受新的挑战，我可以取得比我想象的更多的成就。A.meetingwith遇见；B.callingfor要求；C.takingon接受，承担；D.preparingfor为……做准备。根据后文“newchallenges,IcouldachievemorethanIeverimagined”指接受新挑战可以取得更多成就。故选C。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。Everyculturehasuniquesocialcustoms,oftenleadingtosurprises.Lastyear,inSouthKorea,I___11___(give)awrappedgiftandlearnedit’spolitetoopengiftsprivately.Incontrast,inBrazil,hostsopenbirthdaygiftsimmediately.Theseshowhowculturalcustomsvaryinlarge___12___(quantity).Overtheyears,I___13___(learn)thatunderstandingthesedifferencescanhelpavoidmisunderstandingsfromdiversebackgrounds.【答案】11.wasgiven12.quantities13.havelearnedhavelearnt【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要说明了作者对于不同国家生日习俗看法。【11题详解】考查时态语态。句意：去年，在韩国，我收到了一份包装好的礼物，我明白了私下打开礼物是礼貌的。主语I与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文Lastyear可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填wasgiven。【12题详解】考查名词的数。句意：这些显示了文化习俗在很大程度上的差异。短语inlargequantities表示“在很大程度上”。故填quantities。【13题详解】考查时态。句意：多年来，我明白了理解这些差异可以帮助避免来自不同背景的误解。根据上文Overtheyears可知为现在完成时，主语为I，助动词用have。故填havelearned/learnt。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。Wetlands,knownasthe“kidneysoftheearth,”arecrucialecosystemsbetweenlandandwater.When___14___(view)fromadistance,wetlandslookverypeacefulandbeautiful.Actingasnature’spurifiers,theycancleanwater,preventfloodsandofferhabitats,soexpertsemphasize___15___needstobedonetoprotectwetlandsandensuretheir___16___(survive).Inrecentyears,manynationshavemade___17___(big)effortsthaneverbeforetopreserveandrestoretheseinvaluablenaturalareas.【答案】14.viewed15.what16.survival17.bigger【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了湿地的重要作用以及许多国家都在保护湿地。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从远处看，湿地非常宁静美丽。此处view与wetlands构成被动关系，故用过去分词和when构成时间状语。故填viewed。【15题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：作为大自然的净化器，它们可以清洁水，防止洪水，并提供栖息地，因此专家们强调需要做些什么来保护湿地，确保它们的生存。引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故用what。故填what。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：作为大自然的净化器，它们可以清洁水，防止洪水，并提供栖息地，因此专家们强调需要做些什么来保护湿地，确保它们的生存。作动词的宾语，用名词survival，抽象概念，不可数。故填survival。【17题详解】考查比较级。句意：近年来，许多国家比以往任何时候都做出了更大的努力来保护和恢复这些宝贵的自然地区。根据后文thaneverbefore可知用形容词比较级修饰名词efforts。故填bigger。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。Emma,akindheartedvolunteer,hasvisitedover50orphanagesgloballytobringjoytoneedykids.Heraimistoinspireothers___18___(share)withthelessfortunateselflessly.Lately,shewenttoacharitableinstitutionforkidsinKenyan,___19___thechildrenweledherwithpleasantsmilesandsongs.Emmathrewherselfintovariousactivities___20___hesitation,immediatelymakingtheatmosphereevenmorelively.Emmahastouchedcountlesschildren,showingthemboundlesslove.【答案】18.toshare19.where20.without【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了志愿者艾玛帮助孤儿院的儿童的事迹。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的目的是激励他人无私地与不幸的人分享。短语inspiresb.todosth.表示“激励某人做某事”。故填toshare。【19题详解】考查定语从句。句意：最近，她去了肯尼亚的一个儿童慈善机构，那里的孩子们用愉快的微笑和歌声欢迎她。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词acharitableinstitution，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。【20题详解】考查介词。句意：艾玛毫不犹豫地投入到各种活动中，顿时使气氛更加活跃。短语withouthesitation表示“毫不犹豫”。故填without。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAreyoupassionateaboutmunitydevelopmentandeagertomakeapositiveimpact?Joinourvolunteerprogramandcontributetomeaningfulprojectsthatbenefitlocalmunities.Whetheryou’reinterestedineducation,environmentalconservation,orpublichealth,wehavearoleforyou!PositionsAvailable:·EducationSupportVolunteer:Assistinteachingfoundationalreadingandmathtochildreninunderservedareas.Nopriorteachingexperienceisrequired—justenthusiasmandawillingnesstolearn.You’llworkcloselywithlocalteacherstocreateinterestinglessonsandsupportstudents’learningjourneys.·EnvironmentalConservationVolunteer:Helpwithtreeplantingcleanupdrivesandawarenesscampaignstoprotectnaturalresources.Thisroleisperfectforthosewhocareaboutsustainabilityandwanttomakeagreatdifferenceintheirmunity.·HealthOutreachVolunteer:Supporthealthclinicsbyorganizingworkshops,distributingsuppliesandpromotingwellnessprograms.You’llplayakeyroleinimprovingaccesstohealthcareforvulnerable(脆弱的)populations.BenefitsofVolunteering:·Gainhandsonexperienceinmunitydevelopment.·Developteamwork,municationandleadershipskills.·Receiveacertificateofparticipationandaletterofremendation.·Makelastingconnectionswithlikemindedindividuals.Requirements:·Mustbe18yearsorolder.·mittoatleast10hoursperweekforaminimumof3months.·Attendaonedayintroductionlessonbeforestarting.HowtoApply:Visitourwebsiteandfillouttheonlineapplicationform.ApplicationscloseonMay31,2025.Joinustodayandbepartofamovementthattransformslivesandmunities!21.Whatisthemainresponsibilityofaneducationsupportvolunteer?A.Helpingwithstudents’housework. B.Creatingsomechallenginglessons.C.Organizingsomehealthworkshops. D.Improvingchildren’sreadingandmathskills.22.Whatisonebenefitmentionedforvolunteers?A.Receivingapaidsalary. B.Developingpracticalskills.C.Gettingafreeuniversitydegree. D.Travelingwithlikemindedindividuals.23.IfLiHuawantstoapplyforthejob,whatrequirementwillheneedtomeet?A.Heshouldbeatleast21yearsold.B.Heshouldmitto20hoursperweek.C.Heshouldfinishaonedaytrainingsession.D.Heshouldhavepreviousteachingexperience.【答案】21.D22.B23.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了项目面向对社区发展有热情者，提供教育支持、环保、健康外展等志愿岗位，说明福利、要求及申请方式。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据EducationSupportVolunteer部分“Assistinteachingfoundationalreadingandmathtochildreninunderservedareas.(协助为服务不足地区的儿童教授基础阅读和数学)”可知，教育支持志愿者的主要职责是提高孩子们的阅读和数学技能。故选D项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据BenefitsofVolunteering部分“Gainhandsonexperienceinmunitydevelopment.(获得社区发展的实践经验)”、“Developteamwork,municationandleadershipskills.(培养团队合作、沟通和领导能力)”可知，志愿者的好处包括培养实践技能。故选B项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据Requirements部分“Attendaonedayintroductionlessonbeforestarting.(开始前参加为期一天的入门课程)”可知，如果李华想申请这份工作，他需要完成为期一天的培训课程。故选C项。BWhenSarahwas12yearsold,shewasdiagnosedwitharareconditionthataffectedherabilitytowalk.Doctorstoldhershemightneverrunagain.ButSarahrefusedtoacceptthis.Shehadalwayslovedrunning,andthethoughtoflosingitwasunbearable.Withdeterminationandthesupportofherfamily,shebeganalonganddifficultjourneytoregainherstrength.Formonths,Sarahunderwentphysicaltherapy,spendinghourseachdayrelearninghowtomoveherlegs.Progresswasslow,andthereweredayswhenshefeltlikegivingup.Buthermotheralwaysremindedher,“Everystepforward,nomatterhowsmall,isavictory.”ThesewordsbecameSarah’smotto,pushinghertokeepgoing.Shestartedbytakingafewstepswithawalker,thenprogressedtowalkingshortdistancesonherown.Eachmilestone,nomatterhowsmall,filledherwithhope.Bythetimesheturned15,Sarahhadmadesignificantprogress.Shecouldwalkshortdistanceswithoutassistance,butrunningstillseemedlikeadistantdream.That’swhenshemetCoachMiller,aformermarathonrunnerwhobelievedinherpotential.HedesignedaspecialtrainingprogramforSarah,focusingonbuildingherenduranceandconfidence.“Youhavetheheartofarunner,”hetoldher.“Nowwejustneedtotrainyourbodytokeepup.”ThefirsttimeSarahtriedtorun,sheonlymanagedafewstepsbeforecollapsingintears.ButCoachMillerwasthere,encouraginghertotryagain.“Failureisjustasteponthepathtosuccess,”hesaid.Overyear,Sarahtrainedtirelessly,graduallyincreasingherdistanceandspeed.Shefacedsetbacks,includingmusclepainandmomentsofselfdoubt,butshenevergaveup.At17,Sarahenteredherfirstrace—alocal5K.Shedidn’twin,butshecrossedthefinishlinewithasmileonherface.ForSarah,itwasn’taboutwinning;itwasaboutprovingtoherselfthatshecoulddoit.Today,Sarahisapetitiverunnerandaninspirationtoothersfacingchallenges.Herstoryremindsusthatwithpersistenceandsupport,eventhetoughestobstaclescanbeovere.24.WhatwasSarah’sinitialreactiontoherdisease?A.Sheaccepteditimmediately.B.Shefeltrelievedtostoprunning.C.Shedecidedtofocusonotherhobbies.D.Shedidn’tbelieveshecouldn’trunagain.25.WhichwordwouldbestdescribeSarah’smother’swords?A.Imaginative. B.Encouraging. C.Constructive. D.Entertaining.26.WhydidCoachMiller’strainingprogramfocusonenduranceandconfidence?A.BecauseSarahneededtooverephysicalandmentalbarriers.B.BecauseSarahhadlittlepotentialinrunninglongdistances.C.BecauseSarahwantedtowinracesquickly.D.BecauseSarahsufferedfrommusclepain.27.WhatdidSarah’sparticipationinthe5Kraceshow?A.Herneedtoimpressothers.BHerdeterminationtowinatallcosts.C.Herdesiretoproveherabilitytoherself.D.Heracceptanceofherphysicallimitations.【答案】24.D25.B26.A27.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了12岁被诊断患影响行走疾病、被告知可能无法再跑步的莎拉，在家人支持和教练帮助下，历经艰难训练，17岁参加5K比赛证明了自己，如今成为激励他人的跑步者。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Doctorstoldhershemightneverrunagain.ButSarahrefusedtoacceptthis.Shehadalwayslovedrunning,andthethoughtoflosingitwasunbearable.(医生告诉她，她可能再也不能跑了。但莎拉拒绝接受这一点。她一直很喜欢跑步，一想到要失去它，她就难以忍受)”可知，莎拉最初对自己疾病的反应是她不相信自己不能再跑步了。故选D项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Buthermotheralwaysremindedher,“Everystepforward,nomatterhowsmall,isavictory.”ThesewordsbecameSarah’smotto,pushinghertokeepgoing.(但她母亲总是提醒她，“每一步前进，无论多么小，都是一场胜利。”这些话成为了莎拉的座右铭，激励她继续前进)”可知，莎拉母亲的话激励莎拉继续前进。由此推知，莎拉母亲的话是令人鼓舞的。故选B项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Shecouldwalkshortdistanceswithoutassistance,butrunningstillseemedlikeadistantdream.That’swhenshemetCoachMiller,aformermarathonrunnerwhobelievedinherpotential.HedesignedaspecialtrainingprogramforSarah,focusingonbuildingherenduranceandconfidence.“Youhavetheheartofarunner,”hetoldher.“Nowwejustneedtotrainyourbodytokeepup.”(她可以在没有帮助的情况下走很短的距离，但跑步似乎仍然是一个遥远的梦想。就在那时，她遇到了米勒教练，这位前马拉松运动员相信她的潜力。他为莎拉设计了一个特殊的训练计划，重点是培养她的耐力和信心。“你有一颗跑步者的心，”他告诉她。“现在我们只需要训练你的身体来跟上。”)”和第四段“ButCoachMillerwasthere,encouraginghertotryagain.“Failureisjustasteponthepathtosuccess,”hesaid.Overyear,Sarahtrainedtirelessly,graduallyincreasingherdistanceandspeed.Shefacedsetbacks,includingmusclepainandmomentsofselfdoubt,butshenevergaveup.(但米勒教练在那里，鼓励她再试一次。他说：“失败只是通往成功之路的一步。”。在接下来的一年里，莎拉不知疲倦地训练，逐渐增加了她的距离和速度。她面临着挫折，包括肌肉疼痛和自我怀疑的时刻，但她从未放弃)”可知，莎拉因为疾病身体上有局限性，在跑步训练中也面临着肌肉疼痛和自我怀疑等心理问题。由此推知，教练米勒的训练计划侧重于耐力和信心是因为莎拉需要克服身体和心理上的障碍。故选A项。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“At17,Sarahenteredherfirstrace—alocal5K.Shedidn’twin,butshecrossedthefinishlinewithasmileonherface.ForSarah,itwasn’taboutwinning;itwasaboutprovingtoherselfthatshecoulddoit.(17岁时，莎拉参加了她的第一场比赛——当地的5公里比赛。她没有赢，但她面带微笑地冲过了终点线。对莎拉来说，这不是赢；这是为了向自己证明她能做到)”可知，莎拉参加5K比赛是为了向自己证明她能做到，展示了她向自己证明能力的愿望。故选C项。COnethingaboutAIthatworriesmorepeoplethananyotheristhatitmighttaketheirlivelihoodaway.Busaredividedastowhetherthetechnologywillbringusalifeofleisureoralifeofpressure.Asever,thetruthprobablyliessomewhereinthemiddle.AIwon’ttakeourjobs,butitwillchangethem.SomeBritisheconomistsassumedthatrobotswouldtakeourjobsandourworkingweekwoulddecreaseto15hoursby2030.In2013,MichaelOsborneattheUniversityofOxfordlookedat702typesofworkandrankedthemaccordingtohoweasyitwouldbetoautomatethem.HefoundthataboutunderhalfofalljobsintheUScouldworkablybedonebymachineswithintwodecades.Thelistincludesjobssuchastelemarketersandlibrarytechnicians.Notfarbehindwerelessobviouslysusceptiblejobs,includingmodelsandcooks,threatenedrespectivelybydigitalavatarsandrobochefs.Theleastvulnerableincludedmentalhealthworkersandteachersofyoungchildren.Ingeneral,jobsthatperformedbetterrequiredstrongsocialinteractionandcreativeability.However,othersfindthatlistoverblown.ApaperfortheOECDclubin2016suggestedthatAIwouldnotbeabletodoallthetasksassociatedwithallthesejobs,particularlythoserequiringhumaninteraction,andonlyabout9percentofjobsarefullyautomatable.Moreover,pastexperienceshowsthatjobstendtoevolve(演变，进化)aroundautomation.“Successfulinnovationsarethosethatplementratherthanoccupyus,”saysBenShneiderman,fromtheUniversityofMaryland.“Technologiesaremosteffectivewhentheirdesignsamplifyhumanabilities.Theycouldhelpussolveproblems,municatewidelyorcreateart,”saysShneiderman.“Robotscouldbealiberatingforcebytakingawayroutinework,”saysTomWatson,whosestudyonAI’sdevelopmentinemploymentconcludesthatAIcouldcreateasmanyjobsasitdestroys.Heis,however,concernedtheincreasingofautomationhasledtotheriseininequalityandimbalanceinpower.“We’vegottobecarefulthatbigcorporationsandemployersdon’taccumulateallthebenefitswhileordinaryworkersarelefttolumpthenegatives,”hesays.Howcanweadapt?Theanswermightsimplybetoupdateoursocialframeworkstoreflectthenewrealityofwork.AnotherproposalisanAItaxonpaniesthataresavingmoneybyreplacingworkerswithalgorithms.Ultimatelywe,notAI,areinchargeofourowndestiny.“Therewillbeunfairnessanddisruptions,”saysWatson.“Butthequestionis:isfuturehumancentered?Isayitis.”28.Whatdoestheword“susceptible”underlinedinParagraph2probablymean?A.Workable. B.Predictable. C.Replaceable. D.Reliable29.WhatcanwelearnfromBenShneiderman’swords?A.Technologiescanalwayspromotejobs.B.Successfulautomationhelpsevolveourjobs.C.Fullyautomatablejobsrequirehumaninteraction.D.Effectiveinnovationsarethosethatcanoccupyus.30.WhatcanwelearnfromAI’sdevelopmentinemployment?A.Itcanhelpfreelaboursfromroutinework.B.Itmakesbigcorporationsbearmostnegatives.C.Itwillfinallyleadtoincredibleinequalityinjobs.D.Itdestroysoccupationsfasterthanitprovidesthem.31.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthelastparagraph?A.Tooffersolutionstomentionedproblems. B.Tonotethefutureofrelativeresearches.C.Toreveallimitsofexistingperspectives. D.Tosumupargumentsfrombothsides【答案】28.C29.B30.A31.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能对于人类未来工作的影响以及人们对此的看法。【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段“HefoundthataboutunderhalfofalljobsintheUScouldworkablybedonebymachineswithintwodecades.Thelistincludesjobssuchastelemarketersandlibrarytechnicians.(他发现，在美国，不到一半的工作可以在20年内由机器完成。这份名单包括电话推销员和图书馆技术员等工作)”和下文“Theleastvulnerableincludedmentalhealthworkersandteachersofyoungchildren.

(最不易受影响的群体包括心理健康工作者和幼儿教师)”可知，上文提到的是容易被取代的职业，下文介绍的不易受影响的职业，由此推知，划线部分所在句子介绍不太容易受影响的职业。结合划线部分下文“includingmodelsandcooks(包括模特和厨师)”可知，模特和厨师不是太容易被取代的职业。故划线词意思是“被取代的”。故选C。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段““Successfulinnovationsarethosethatplementratherthanoccupyus,”saysBenShneiderman,fromtheUniversityofMaryland.“Technologiesaremosteffectivewhentheirdesignsamplifyhumanabilities.Theycouldhelpussolveproblems,municatewidelyorcreateart,”saysShneiderman.(马里兰大学的本·施奈德曼说：“成功的创新是那些补充而不是占据我们的创新。当技术的设计能够放大人类的能力时，它们是最有效的。它们可以帮助我们解决问题，广泛交流或创造艺术，”施奈德曼说)”可知，成功的自动化有助于发展我们的工作。故选B。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Robotscouldbealiberatingforcebytakingawayroutinework(机器人可以取代日常工作，从而成为一股解放力量)”可知，人工智能可以帮助人们从日常工作中解脱出来。故选A。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Howcanweadapt?Theanswermightsimplybetoupdateoursocialframeworkstoreflectthenewrealityofwork.AnotherproposalisanAItaxonpaniesthataresavingmoneybyreplacingworkerswithalgorithms.Ultimatelywe,notAI,areinchargeofourowndestiny.“Therewillbeunfairnessanddisruptions,”saysWatson.“Butthequestionis:isfuturehumancentered?Isayitis.”(我们该如何适应？答案可能只是更新我们的社会框架，以反映新的工作现实。另一项提议是对那些通过用算法取代人工来节省资金的公司征收人工智能税。最终，我们，而不是人工智能，掌握着我们自己的命运。“会有不公平和混乱，”沃森说。“但问题是：未来以人为中心吗？我说是的。”)”可知，作者写最后一段的目的是为上述问题提供解决方案。故选A。DFormillennia,wehaveexpecteddogstoguardourpropertyandprotectourfamilyatnight.Nowtheyarealsoaskedtobefriendlyaroundstrangers,restquietlythroughthenightandkeeptheirfeetoffsofas.“It’sanevolutionarymismatch”,saysHare,ananthropologistatDukeUnıversity.Thegoodnewsisthatthisproblemissolvable.Recentstudiesindicatethatselectivebreeding(繁殖)andcarefultrainingcanhelpdogsadapttoindoorlife.A“puppykindergarten”researchwassetupbyHare’steamtoillustratetheheritabilityofbehaviouraltraitsindogsbyobservingwhatservicedogs’behaviourlookslikebeforeintensivetrainingbegins.Servicedogswereselectedasthesubjectfortheycanalwaysnaturallyadaptwelltothemismatchparedtootherkinds.Theycanpullwheelchairs,operatelightswitchesandinteractgentlywithchildren.Bycollectingdatafrom1,500dogownersonthebehaviouroftheirpets,whichbelongedto36breeds,Hare’steamdiscoveredthatgenetics(遗传特征)explained45percentofthevariationindogs’selfcontrol.16percentofthevariationinreasoningaboutthephysicalworldandamere0.01percentofthevariationinshorttermmemory,whichmanifeststhatsomedesirablebehavioursareheritabletocertaindegree,andselectivebreedingfortemperamentisworthwhile.“Geneticsisimportant,butitsrelativeimportanceisdifferentfordifferentbehaviouraltraits,”saysGitanjalifromEmoryUniversity.Besides,Hare’sworkalsoillustratesselectivebreedingcan’tguaranteesomehighlydesirabletraits,suchasagoodmemory.Sotheyhavedevisedtechniquesthatownerscanusetohelptraintheirpetsandbuildbetterrelationshipswiththem.Onehabitthatisespeciallyimportantintrainingismakingeyecontact.“Thedog’sgazemaybeacausalfactorininducinggoodfeelingsintheowner”,saysKikusuiatAzabuUniversityinJapan,“andthelongeradoggazesatitsowner,thestrongerthosegoodfeelingsbee.”Harealsofoundthatpupscouldsolvesome“impossibletasks”byappealingtohumanforhelp,andtheappealwasmadethrougheyecontact.Sohesuggestedpuppyownersfinish“impossibletasks”withtheirpetseverytwoweekstostrengthentheemotionalconnectionwiththem.“Doingsocanhelpyoulearnwhereyourdog’scognitivestrengthslie”,hesays.Andasthepuppykindergartenprojecthasmadeclear,dogtrainingaswellasselectivebreedingiscrucialtofosterthosebehaviourswewouldlikeourpetstoexhibitinourhomes.32.WhatcanwelearnfromHare’sresearch?A.Servicedogswereobservedwhileacceptingtraining.B.Geneticsmayexplaindifferencesindogs’selfcontrolC.Servicedogswerechosenfortheyweretrainedearlier.D.Selectivebreedingdevelopsdogs’mostdesirabletraits.33.What’stheauthor’saimofquotingGitanjali’swords?A.TorevealthatHare’sresearchissuspicious.B.Toprovethenecessityofselectivebreeding.C.Toconfirmthevalueonreformingdogs’genes.D.Tosuggestthatotherfactorsalsoneeddiscussing.34.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ServiceDogs:AcquiringDesirableTraitsthroughBreedingB.SmartDogs:AdaptingWelltoIndoorLifethroughTrainingC.ModernDogs:TrainingDesirableDogsthroughEyeContactD.GoodDogs:EvolvingthroughSelectiveBreedingandTraining【答案】32.B33.D34.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现进化上的不匹配导致了狗能力的差异，指出导致这种差异的原因以及建议。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Bycollectingdatafrom1,500dogownersonthebehaviouroftheirpets,whichbelongedto36breeds,Hare’steamdiscoveredthatgenetics(遗传特征)explained45percentofthevariationindogs’selfcontrol,16percentofthevariationinreasoningaboutthephysicalworldandamere0.01percentofthevariationinshorttermmemory,whichmanifeststhatsomedesirablebehavioursareheritabletocertaindegree,andselectivebreedingfortemperamentisworthwhile.(通过收集1500名狗主人的36个品种的宠物行为数据，Hare的研究小组发现，基因可以解释45%的狗的自控能力差异，16%的物理世界推理变异和0.01%的短期记忆变异，这表明一些令人满意的行为在一定程度上是可遗传的，对气质的选择性培育是值得的)”可知，基因可以解释狗在自控能力上的差异。故选B。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““Geneticsisimportant,butitsrelativeimportanceisdifferentfordifferentbehaviouraltraits,”saysGitanjalifromEmoryUniversity.(来自埃默里大学的Gitanjali说：“基因很重要，但它的相对重要性对于不同的行为特征是不同的。”)”可推知，作者引用Gitanjali的话的目的是暗示其他因素也需要讨论。故选D。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thegoodnewsisthatthisproblemissolvable.Recentstudiesindicatethatselectivebreeding(繁殖)andcarefultrainingcanhelpdogsadapttoindoorlife.(最近的研究表明，选择性繁育和精心训练可以帮助狗适应室内生活)”可知，文章主要说明了研究发现进化上的不匹配导致了狗能力的差异，指出导致这种差异的原因以及建议。由此可知，D选项“好狗：通过选择性繁殖和训练进化”最符合文章标题。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Daydreaming,oftendismissedasawasteoftime,isincreasinglyrecognizedasavitalcognitiveprocess.Farfrombeingasignoflaziness,daydreamingallowsthebraintoexploreideas,solveproblemsandfostercreativity.Recentstudiesinneurosciencehaverevealedtheplexmechanismsbehindthismentalactivity.Whenwedaydream,thebrainentersastateknownasthe“defaultmodenetwork”(DMN).___35___Thisnetworkbeesactivewhenwearenotfocusedontheoutsideworld,enablingthebraintoprocessinformation,consolidatememoriesandgeneratenewideas.Forexample,manybreakthroughsinscienceandarthaveemergedfrommomentsofspontaneousdaydreaming.Contrarytopopularbelief,daydreamingisnotapassiveactivity.Itrequiressignificantmentalenergyandinvolvesplexneuralactivity.Researchshowsthatduringdaydreaming,thebrainengagesinhighlevelcognitiveprocesses,suchasplanning,selfreflectionandemotionalregulation.___36___Moreover,daydreamingcanenhanceproblemsolvingabilities.Byexploringinthedaydream,manypeoplecanfindwaystotackletheproblems.___37___Byallowingthemindtowander,wecanapproachchallengesfromnewperspectivesanduncoverinnovativesolutions.Studieshavefoundthatindividualswhodaydreamregularlytendtoperformbetterontasksrequiringcreativethinking.___38___Negativedaydreamingpatternscaninterferewithmentalhealthanddailyfunctioning.Excessiveornegativedaydreaming,oftenlinkedtomeditation,canleadtoanxietyandreducedproductivity.Thekeyistostrikeabalancebetweenfocusedworkandintentionaldaydreaming.Toharnessthebenefitsofdaydreaming,it’simportantto