江苏省盐城市高三上学期期中统一考试英语试题

第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选顶中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来阅答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howdoesthemanreacttothewoman’sapology?A.Angry. B.Tolerant. C.Happy.2.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.Callingthepolice. B.Trafficaccident. C.Savingthewoundedpeople.3.Whereshouldthetablebeplaced?A.Inthestudy. B.Inthelivingroom. C.Nearthewindowinthesameroom.4.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Shedislikesgoingout. B.Shewilljointhem. C.Shewillstaywithhermum.5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandassistant B.Husbandandwife. C.Teacherandstudent.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhyisthewomangoingtoDallas?A.Toseeafriend. B.Towriteastory. C.Towatchafootballmatch.7.Whatdoweknowaboutthemanfromtheconversation?A.Helikestravelingbyplane.B.Hetravelsveryoftenasareporter.C.Heoftentravelsinthecountrybycar.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatisthemandoing?A.Talkingwiththegirl. B.Introducinghisfriend. C.Visitingtheschool.9.Whereistheteachers’office?A.Besidethestadium. B.Infrontofthelibrary.C.Behindtheteachers’buildings.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatisthewomantiredof?A.Sittingonpackingcases. B.Packingupcases. C.Goingshopping.11.Whatdoesthemanworryabout?A.Theycannotfindsecondhandchairs.B.Newchairsareveryexpensive.C.Oldchairsarecheapbutshaky.12.Whatdayisittoday?A.Friday. B.Saturday. C.Sunday.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhydoesthewomancallMr.Johnson?A.Tointroduceajob. B.Tosetupalaboratory. C.Toinvitehimtodinner.14.HowdidtheygettoknowJohnson?A.Johnsonphonedthem. B.Johnsonemailedthem. C.Johnsonhelpedthem.15.WhatisJohnsonmostinterestedin?A.Thepay. B.Theemployer. C.Theworktime.16.Whatwillthemanprobablydotomorrow?A.Meethiswife. B.Gotothecollege. C.Gotothecenter.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.What’sthemostimportanttolearnEnglishwell?A.Tobeactive. B.Toreadbroadly. C.Tolikeit.18.Whydidthespeakerfeelluckyeightyearsago?A.Hemetagoodteacher. B.HelearntEnglish. C.Hewentabroad.19.Howdoesthespeakerstudywords?A.Tounderlinethem. B.Tocopythemrepeatedly. C.Tostudythemincon.20.Wheredidthespeakergosometimesafterclass?A.Theplayground. B.Thelibrary. C.Thedormitory.第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。21.TravelingtoYancheng,arisingcoastalcity,isafantasticexperience,______istomakeyourefreshedandrelaxed.Ait B.one C.onethat D.theone22.Abooksharingprogramistotakeoff,wherecustomerscanborrowuptotwobooksforfreeafterpaying99yuanonlineasthe______.A.deposit B.expense C.allowance D.mission23.Peaceisthefoundationofhappiness,for______thereisanxiety,tensionandconfusion,joycanno.A.until B.though C.unless D.where24.—Amandahasbeenindepressionsinceshefailedinlandingajobseveraltimes.—Yes,sheistoo______.A.dynamic B.stubborn C.delicate D.considerate25.Adolescentissues,______campusbullyingismoremonandsevere,shouldbesolvedbypeoplefromallwalksoflife.A.whose B.which C.ofwhich D.ofwhose26.BricsSummitinXiamenhas______anewpatternforstrengtheningBricspartnershipsanddeepeningpracticalcooperationinvariousfields.A.broughtout B.heldout C.pointedout D.mappedout27.—ThelatestfilmJusticeLeagueisingsoon,Mum.—______.Yousee,yourSATtestsarearoundtheer.A.That’snotthecase B.ItisuptoyouC.Youdon’tsay D.Forgetit28.SunYang,“thekingoffreestyle”,______6goldmedalsatthe13thChineseNationalGames,islookingforwardtomoregloryontheworldstage.A.sweeping B.swept C.havingswept D.tosweep29.Pickyeatersare______unwillingtotrynewfoods,whichexpertsthink,canbetheresultofyourDNAandyourupbringing.A.vaguely B.typically C.literally D.seemingly30.ParentsinChinaspendittakesto______givetheirkidsanedge,butsometimestheyjustblindlyfollowatrendandoverscheduletheirchildren.A.whatever B.whichever C.however D.whenever31.Tosomecharityvolunteers,sometimesitishardto______betweenrealandpretendedcasesofpoverty,whichmakestheirworkinefficient.A.clarify B.discriminate C.identify D.acmodate32.—Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.Wherehaveyoubeen?—Ito______Seattletovisitmysister.A.went B.go C.hadgone D.havegone33.Onlinelearningresourceswouldceasetobeeffectiveorevenhavenegativeeffects______tousethemwiselyandflexibly.A.shouldthestudentsfail B.ifthestudentsfailC.hadthestudentsfailed D.ifstudentshavefailed34.isnothowmuchyouhavebuthowmuchyouenjoywhatyouhave______bringsyouhappiness.A.what B.which C.that D.when35.—Johnwaslateagainthismorning!Iamafraidhewillgetfired.—Yes,Ireallyhopehecan______beforeitistoolate.A.killthefattedcalf B.seethehandwritingonthewallC.crosshisfingers D.havebutterfliesinhisstomach第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Intelligencepluscharacter~thatisthegoaloftrueeducation.—MartinLutherKingIagreewithKing’sstatementandarguewhileacademicachievementisanessential_36_ofeducation,developingtheselfrespect,confidenceandcharacterofourchildrenis_37_important.Myjourneyasa(n)_38_began13yearsago.IhadjustgraduatedfromBostonCollegeandIwas_39_aboutteachingandinspiringchildrenfrommymunity.However,Iquicklybecame_40_ofthechallengesthatoftenpreventedchildrenfrommakingthemostoftheireducation.Whileinsufficient_41_suchasbooksandtechnologyaremonlyregardedastheleadingfactorsimpactingstudentperformance_42_,Idiscoveredthatlowselfrespectandlackofconfidencearemoredamaging.Mystudents’struggleswithlowselfrespect_43_mymemorythatwhenIwasyoungIwouldbe_44_andconsideredunattractivebecauseIhaddarkskin,tightlycoiledhairandhighcheekbones.Mystudents’struggles,_45_withmyownexperience,forcedmetowriteasongcalled“MyBlackIsBeautiful”ina(n)_46_tochangethewayyounggirlsofcolorviewthemselves.Sincethe_47_ofsocialmedia,developingtheselfrespectandconfidenceofourchildrenhasbeemore_48_,notless.Studentsarebeingexposedtoimagesofbeautythatdonot_49_whotheyare,remindingthemtheydonotfitsociety’sbeautystandard.Afteryearsofobservingmanystudentsstrugglingwithlowselfrespectandconfidence,Ibegantointegratewaysto50theprobleminmyteaching.Althoughit51metherewerenostandardizedmethodologies_52_tohandletheseissues,itdidn’tdiscouragemefromdevelopingmyowncurriculumtomotivatestudentstobelieveinthemselves.SoIdecidedtowriteasong,and_53_twelveofmystudentsinitsmusicvideo.Inthisway,Iattemptedtoinspirethemtoembracetheirnaturalbeautyandto_54_themessagetothemthatbeautydoesnotalwaysmeetwithasingle,_55_standard.Differencesinskincolors,hairures,shapesandsizesarenotdeficienciesbutratherassetsthatmakeusbeautifulandunique.36.A.process B.ponent C.means D.burden37.A.equally B.apparently C.fully D.partly38.A.advisor B.educator C.reporter D.scholar39.A.particular B.concerned C.optimistic D.nervous40.A.conscious B.scared C.cautious D.guilty41.A.causes B.preparations C.sources D.resources42.A.rarely B.randomly C.negatively D.temporarily43.A.erased B.strengthened C.changed D.jogged44.A.blamed B.teased C.deserted D.opposed45.A.coupled B.equipped C.faced D.filled46.A.emotion B.effort C.hurry D.position47.A.release B.slide C.decline D.rise48.A.smooth B.arbitrary C.challenging D.thorough49.A.reflect B.imply C.declare D.inform50.A.ignore B.approach C.reject D.raise51.A.astonished B.offended C.reminded D.bothered52.A.indetail B.inform C.inplace D.inorder53.A.featured B.employed C.appointed D.forted54.A.deliver B.explain C.submit D.convey55.A.flexible B.uniform C.reasonable D.precise第三部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项’并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AGOTOLDPHONES?HERE’SHOWTOREUSE,RECYCLEORSELLTHEMIt’snaturaltogetthephoneupgradethirstwhenthelikesofApple,Samsungandotherskeepingoutwithnewermodels.Butwhatdoyoudowithaserviceablebutoutdateddevice?Here’saguideforfiguringoutwhatyoumightdowithlastyear’smodel(orevenolderones).DONATETOCHARITYSeveralcharitiesacceptoldphonesasadonation.Butthesegroupsprobablywon’tphysicallygiveyouroldphonestopeopleinneed.Instead,they’lloftensellyourphonetorecyclersandkeepthemoneywhichgoestowardsdailymanagement.Nearly60percentofthephonescharitiescollectareresold,accordingtoarecentsurvey.Theywillpayforshippingifyouaremailingthreeormorephones.SELLSELLSELLOncenewmodelseout,olderoneswillfloodontoeBayandotherresalesites.Howmuchmoneyyoucanmakeoffyouroldphonedependsonthebrandandhowmuchwearandtearit’sseen.TheresalesiteGazelle,forexample,isoffering$140foraVerizonreadySamsungGalaxyS7in“good”condition.Whatdoes“good”mean?Thephonehasnocracksonthescreenorbody,powersonandmakescalls,andisfreeofmajorscratches.A“perfect”phonethatlookslikeit’sneverbeenusedwilllandyou$15more.REUSE,REPURPOSEEvenwithoutcellularservice,youroldphonewillbeabletogetonWiFi,soyoucanuseittopostonFacebookordoprettymuchanythingelseyouwantprovidedyouareinWiFirange.Keepitforyourself,giveittoabrokefriend,orloaditupwithkidfriendlyappsandgamesandhanditdowntoyourchildren.Orjustkeepitasabackupincasesomethinghorriblehappenstoyourmainphone.56.Whydocharitieschoosetosellalargeproportionoftheirdonations?A.Theirmanagementhasmadesuchadecision.B.Theyneedtheearningstocovertheirdailyexpenses.C.Thedonationstheyhavereceivedexceedwhattheyneed.D.Theycanearnmoreprofitswithoutpayingforshipping.57.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutoldmodels?A.Oldmodelscrowdontoonlineresalesitesbeforenewmodelsarelaunched.B.Thebetterconditionoldmodelsarein,thehigherpricetheywillfetch.C.TheoldmodelshandeddowntoyourkidsshouldbeabletogetonWiFi.D.Youshouldalwayshaveanoldmodelathandincaseyourmainphonefails.BTheideaofexploringthepastthroughthehumanhistoryofasinglecrophasbeenaroundforawhile.WhatisstrikingaboutJamesWaivingnewbookisthat,whilefocusingonlyonsugar,itdoesnotrestrictitselftothepast.Rather,thebooktakesthestoryofperhapsthemostpopularcropofalltimeandbringsitdisturbinglyintothepresentday.Walvinbeginshisresearchwheremostofusbeginourrelationshipwiththestuff:thesweetshopsofchildhoodmemory.Ifsugarisaguiltypleasurethenitisonewithwhichalmosteveryoneofusisdrunkonadailybasis.Theunstoppablemarchofsugarraisesthequestion:why?Afterall,sugarcane(甘蔗)isdifficulttogrowandtheprocessesofrefinementandclarificationrequiredtoproduceeatablesugararetimeconsumingandexpensive.Yet,asWalvinexplains,sugarhasoneenormoustemptation:itsatisfiesourseeminglyborndesireforsweettastes,butthesatisfactionthatsugarprovidesesataterriblecost,bothtothosewhoproduceitandthosewhoconsumeit.Sugarchangedworldhistorymoreprofoundlythananyothercrop.ItfuelledtheAtlanticslavetradeandtheAfricanwars.We’refamiliarwiththestoryofhowmillionsofenslavedAfricansweretransportedtotheCaribbean,theUSandBrazil,butthegrowingglobaldemandforsugaralsoledtothemigrationsofothergroups.TheprofitabilityofsugarproductionalsoinspiredAmericanproducerstoshipthousandsofpoorIndiansfromtheirhomelandtothe：CaribbeanSouthAmericaandFijiaswellasJapanesepeasantstoplantationsinHawaii.Thestoryofsugar,then,isnotjustoneofchangingdietsandexpandingwaistlines,butalsooneofmassmigrations—bothforcedandvoluntary,bothfamiliarandunfamiliar.Sugar’sstoryinthe20thand21stcenturiescanonlybetoldwithreferencetothedevelopmentofAmericanagriculturalbusinessesandthegiantfoodcorporations,mostnotablytheCocaColapany.Themodemantisugarmovementisdemandingbetterlabellingandthereductionofsugarinfoodsanddrinkstargetedatchildren.Thesugarindustrystandstodaywherethetobaccocorporationsstoodinthe1960s,accusedofknowinglycontributingtoaglobalhealthcrisisandobesity.Thisisjustthelatestmoralcrisisfacedbythefoodgiantsofthesweetstuff.58.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A.Walvin’sbookfocusesonlyonsugarinthepast.B.Historyofsugarisinvestigatedforitsdestructiveeffects.C.Walvin’sbookcoversstoriesfromthepasttothepresentday.D.Asinglecropcanreflectthewholecourseofhumanhistory.59.Bymentioningmigrationsofdifferentgroups,theauthoraimsto______.A.illustratethedifficultyofsugarcaneplantationB.criticizethegreedofAmericansugarproducersC.confirmthehugeimpactofsugaronhumanhistoryD.explainthereasonsforslavetradeandAfricanwars60.Whatattitudedoestheauthorholdtowardssugaraccordingtothepassage?A.Critical. B.Ambiguous. C.Casual. D.Favorable.CThemosteyecatchingpartofthegovernment’srecentairqualitystrategyistobansalesofnewpetrolanddieselcarsby2040.Thereasonbehindthegovernment’sstrategyispoorairquality,whichisthoughttobelinkedtoabout40,000prematuredeathsayear.ClientEarth,thecampaigngroupleadingthecallforreform,hasdescribedthebanast4notenough”.Itemphasisesthatcleanairzonesandsustainabletransportinfrastructuresbothwork,andcanbeimplementedmorequickly.Evenso,somearguethatthetargetistoosoon.Themotorindustry,however,doesnotarguethatthecarswon’tbereadyintime.Thisisunsurprising,giventhatTeslaalreadyhasanallelectricmodel,mostmanufacturershaveatleastonehybrid(混动汽车)onsale.Thevoicesofdisagreementofferthreemainarguments:electricvehiclesdon’treducegreenhousegasemissions;wedon’thaveenoughpoweravailable;andtherearenotenoughessentialmaterialslikelithium(锂)whichsupportmostnewelectricvehiclebatterytechnologies.Thefirsttwoargumentsarecloselyrelated.Theproblemisnottheabsoluteamountofelectricvehiclesontheroadbutwhenwechargethem.Theissueis“peakdemand”.Wedesignourelectricityinfrastructuresystemstoensurethesepeaksarecovered.PeakdemandintheUKisbetween5pmand7pminwinter.Thisisusuallywhenelectricityisatitsmost“dirty”,asthisiswhenweneedalmostallofourgenerating(发电)capacity,includingtheoldcoalplants,dieselbackupgenerationandgas.Withoutmanagedcharging,driverspluggingthecarinonreturnfromworkfaceusingdieselenginesandcoalderivedpowertochargevehicles.Hardlyawinforairqualityorclimatechange.Thelastproblem,materialavailability,istrickier.Lithiumandtherareearthmetalsusedinelectricvehiclespresentproblems.It’snotonlyaquestionofwhetherthereareenoughofthesematerials,butalsotheirtoxicity,convenienceofrecyclingandtheirgeopoliticalavailabilityoftheirsupplychains.Muchliketheissueofpeakdemand,withoutstrongpolicyandbehaviouralandtechnicaladvances,wecouldeasilyseetheriseofglobalconflictandexploitationaroundthecriticalmaterialsforelectricmobility.Whileabanonpetrolanddieselcarsalesin2040iseasilyachievable,whatreallymattersishowwelltheaboveissuesaredealtwith.Electriccarsdonothingfortrafficjams.Theirpowersourceneedscarefulmanagement,andtheirsupplychainsmaybenolessproblematicthanthoseofpetrochemicalfuels.Conversely,theycanreduceairpollutionandhelpmeetclimatechangemitments.Likemanytechnicalsolutionstheyneedstrongregulationaroundthem.Weshouldimproveourdialogueonelectricmobility,seekingcleargovernmentpolicyonenergymarketintegrationandstrongstandardsonmaterialsustainability.61.Theunderlinedword“implemented”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.abolished B.conducted C.replaced D.updated62.Whatcanweinferfromthecalmreactionfromthemotorindustry?A.Allmanufacturershavealreadyhadatleastoneelectriccaronsale.B.Themotorindustryplanstofocusonsustainabletransportinfrastructures.C.Themotorindustryhasalreadyadjusteditsproductstoreduceairpollution.D.Therecentairqualitystrategyisunrealisticandimpossibletofollow.63.Accordingtotheauthor,thebesttimetogetyourcarchargedis______.A.when“peakdemand”ends B.directlyafterreturningfromworkC.whenotherpeopledo D.rightbeforemovingtowork64.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemeaningoftheunderlinedpartinParagraph6?A.Carefulmanagementislikelytoaddresstheproblemswithbothtypesofcars.B.Itseemsthatcurrentlypetrolanddieselcarsaremoreproblematicthanelectriccars.C.Petrolanddieselcarsandelectricvehiclesseemtofacethesameproblemsnowadays.D.Currentlyelectricvehiclesseemtofacemoreproblemsthanpetrolanddieselcarsdo.DAstoryofayoungHemingwaywhoispoorandlivinginParis,AMoveableFeastisanovelcummemoir(回忆体小说)ofthewriter.Thebookisalsoatributetothenumerouscharactershemeets.Hemingwayprojectshimselftousasayoungman.Heexamineshisyoungerselfandhisweaknesses,butwealsogetasenseofhomesicknessforthestruggleandhardshipthatcharacterizedhisintroductionintoawriter’slifeinliterature.Thebookisoftenhilariouslyfunny,aswellasincrediblytouching.Thenovelisatourofmanyofthegreatfiguresinmodemliteraryhistory,andaremarkablerecalloftheircarefreelifestyle.AMoveableFeastismoreaseriesofanecdotesthananyattemptataratherlogicnarrative.Itmovesfromsubjecttosubject,creatingminiatureportraitsandtakingintheatmosphereofParisatthetime.Ratherthanconcentratingonhimselfonhimself.Hemingwaypreferstopointhisfictionoutwards,examiningearlyfriendandacquaintanceswithbreathtakingdetail.ThefigureswhichhedepictsincludeFordMaddoxFord,EzraPound,F.ScottFitzgerald,andGertrudeStein,Stein,inparticular,standsoutinthebookasagrandmadamofletters—agreatteachertoHemingway,adistinguishedinnovatorinliterature,andjustalittlebitcrazy.Sheenjoysthepowersheprojectedoverpeople.Hemingwayseeherasaselfserving,selfsatisfiedunpleasantoldlady,buthestillmakesherseemsomehowlikable.ThereisalsoaseriesofinterestinganecdotesregardingtheyoungF.ScottFitzgeraldandhistroubledrelationshipwithhiswife.Inoneanecdote,HemingwayandFitzgeraldgoonaroadtrip.Onaparticularlylonelyevening,theygotoarestaurant,whereFitzgeraldtellshisfriendthatFitzgerald’swifeisjealous(and,actuallyseverelymentallyill).Shepicksawayathisconfidencesomuchsothatheisfrustrated.FitzgeraldasksHemingwaytoreassurehim.Thebookisbrilliantforliterarygossip,butAMoveableFeastisalsoanextendedmeditation(冥想)onHemingway’stransitiontobeingagreatwriter.Healsodiscusseshowhebelieveswritingshouldbeperformed.Heputsgreatemphasisonsubconsciousprocesses.Hesetsasidetimetoworkonhisstories,doeshisbestnottothinkaboutthematothertimes,andaimsatwritingtruthfully.Hemingway’smodusoperandi(手法)inliterature—hisplainsentences,hissimplestructure,hiscloseobservationofthewaysoftheworld—areboileddowntoonecentralprincipleinthisbook:doyourbesttowritewhatistrue.Hemingwaysuggeststhatifthat’stheonlythingonecandowhenwriting,thenyouwillbewellonyourwaytowritingsomethingthatisgood.AndthatisprobablythekeytothesuccessofAMoveableFeast.IthinkthereisnoauthorthatmakesyouwanttowritemorethanHemingway;everysentencehewritesseemstosuggestajoy.Inhismemoirs,however,hecreatesashellaroundthatfeeling.Hepresentsalifethat,despiteitshardships(intheearlypartofhiscareerheoftenfelthungrybecausehewasn’teatingenough),isdefinitelyattractive.WanderingaroundthestreetsofParis,sittingincaféswithanotebookandapencil,andattemptingtofixtheworldwithwordsarethemeatandbonesofthisinterestingselfportrait.Smart,brilliant,attimesincrediblytouching,AMoveableFeastistheproductofagreatmasterlookingbackthroughthemistsoftimeanddesperatelywishingforayouththatwaslongpast.65.WhatcanbestsummarizethefeatureofHemingway’searlyliterarylife?A.Reward. B.Struggle. C.Progress. D.Freshness.66.HowdidHemingwaydevelopthisbook?A.Byorganizingeventsinaratherlogicorder.B.Bycenteringeventsaroundhisprivatelife.C.Bylistingfunnystoriesaboutdifferentsubjects.D.Byexaminingdetailswithhisfriends.67.WhatisspecialwithregardtoGertrudeStein?A.Sheiscrazyaboutinnovationinliterature.B.Sheisusuallyselfishandsometimesjealous.C.Sheisgeneroustogiveothersguidanceonliterature.D.SheishelpfulinimprovingHemingway’swriting.68.TheprinciplethatHemingwaystickstoinhiswritingisto______.A.describethingsastheyare B.mixupfantasywithfactsC.lethismindflowfreely D.stressdetailedobservationsoftheworld69.WhendidHemingwaystartwritingthisbook?A.Wellafterheestablishedhisreputation. B.WhilehewaslivinginParis,France.C.BeforehemovedbacktotheUSA. D.Shortlyafterheenteredtheliteraryworld.70.What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.Achancetomeetgreatliteraryfigures B.AglimpseintoHemingway’slifeC.AmemoirofHemingway’sfriends D.Apathwaytointernationalfame第四部分任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入了一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。Thesedays,itshouldeasnosurprisethatimprovinghighereducationoutesrequireslimitinghighambitionwithsometimesharsh(严峻的)realism.Studentsneedmoreoptionsandpathwaystosuccess,andmoreactiveguidancetowardthebestdecisionsconsideringtheirindividualprospectsandlabormarketrealities.We’vetriedtokeepalldoorsopenforallstudents,butwe’vecreatedasystemthatprovidesinadequateguidanceandpooroptionsformany,particularlythosefromdisadvantagedbackgrounds.Manyofthemarriveatcollegeunpreparedforacademicwork,burdenedbyfinancialdifficultiesandalackofknowledgeoftheworldofhighereducation,andboundtoworkfulltimetosupporttheirfamilies.Thecharacteristicsoftheinstitutionsstudentsfromdisadvantagedbackgroundsattendoftenworsentheirdifficulties.munityandtechnicalcollegesreceivetoolittlefundingfromstates.Theyalsofacetoolowamotivetorespondtolabormarketforcesbyexpandingcapacityinoccupationalorworkforceprogramsinfieldswithstronglabormarketdemand.Inaddition,manyinstitutionsprovidestudentswithtoolittlestructure,allowingthemtowanderaimlessly,withlittledirectionorknowledgeofwhattheywanttodo,andwithverylittleacademicorcareerconsultingtoguidethem.Thus,manyendupingeneralstudies.Choosingapathtoacertificateorassociatedegreeinahighdemandoccupationincreasesastudent’schancesofearningaqualificationwithhighlabormarketvalue,butmostarenevertoldofthesepossibilities.Changingtheseouteswillrequiremoreandbettersupportsforstudentswithbarrierstoovere,butitwillalsorequirestrengtheninginstitutionssotheyhavethestructureandtheresourcesneededtopromotesuccessamongtheirstudents.Itwillrequirehelpingstudentsmakebetterchoicesaboutwhichcollegetoattendandwhattostudy—andaboutwhetherapurelyacademicpathrightafterhighschoolisbestforthem.Evidenceisaccumulatingthatrestructuringdevelopmentaleducation,bytailoringrequirementstowhatstudentsplantostudyandintegratingthisworkwithforcreditclasses,canincreaseacademicsuccess.Moredollarsforstudentstocovertheirexpensesare,ofcourse,important.Butsimplifyingthefinancialaidsystem,makingitmoreflexibleandbuildinginbettermotivesforstudentperformancecouldmakeitmuchmoreeffective.Experimentsthatallowfinancialaidtobeusedfornoncreditprogramsinhighdemandfields,withcarefullydesignedlimitstoprotectprogramqualityandintegrity,havethepotentialtostrengthenopportunitiesforstudents.Earlyeducationforallstudentsaboutcareersandthelabormarketisessentialtohelpingstudentsreachtheirgoals,asisdevelopingarangeofhighqualitycareerandtechnicalpathwaysthatstartinhighschool—includingapprenticeships(学徒)andotherformsofworkbasedlearning—sostudentswithweakeracademicskillscanalsoearnqualificationsandgetgoodjobs.Policymakersandpostsecondaryinstitutionshavearesponsibilitytoimplementconstructivechange;openingthedoorsofcollegetoallwhocanbenefitisagoodstart—butit’sfarfromsufficient.Wemustmeetstudentswheretheyareandrecognizetheimpactoftheircircumstancesontheirchancesforsuccess.PassageoutlineSupportingdetailsIntroductionHarshreality(71)_▲_tostudents’difficultyinreachingtheirexpectations,soitisnecessarytoofferstudenrahelp.Theproblems(72)_▲_onthewaytostudents’success●Highereducationsystemmakesithardforstudentsto(73)_▲_tocollegeenvironment.●(74)_▲_offundingandmotivetorespondtolabormarketchallengestheinstitutions.●Studentsdonothave(75)_▲_toadequatestructure,direction,knowledgeandacademicorcareerconsultinginmanyinstitutions.Extrahelpwecanprovideforstudents●(76)_▲_supportsforstudents,institutionsshouldhavestructureandresourcestohelpstudentsmakebetterchoicesandachievesuccess.●Developmentaleducationissupposedtoberestructured,fromw