中考英语二轮语法专项复习课件动词和动词短语

动词和动词短语知识点动词的基本形式形式变化规则例子动词原形—see,listen,eat,find,pick第三人称单数一般在词尾加－slook→looks,take→takes,give→gives以s、x、ch、sh、o结尾的词，在词尾加－eswash→washes,fix→fixes,pass→passes形式变化规则例子第三人称单数以辅音字母加－y结尾的词，变y为i，再加－escry→cries,try→tries,carry→carries不规则变化be→is,have→has现在分词一般情况在词尾加－inggo→going,help→helping以不发音e结尾的词，去e再加－ingmake→making,take→taking形式变化规则例子现在分词以ie结尾的词，变ie为y，再加－inglie→lying,tie→tying以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写此辅音字母，再加－ingput→putting,run→running形式变化规则例子过去式一般情况在词尾加－edwork→worked,look→looked以不发音e结尾的词，直接加－ddecide→decided,move→moved以辅音字母加－y结尾的词，变y为i，再加－edtry→tried,cry→cried形式变化规则例子过去式以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写此辅音字母，再加－edplan→planned,stop→stopped过去分词在完成时态和被动语态中，动词要用过去分词形式1.(2025眉山改编)Thejokehetoldwassofunnythatweall_______

loudly.2.

(2025兰州改编)Lanzhou________alargenumberofvisitorseveryyear.3.

(2025德阳改编)Anewbridgewas_____inmyhometownlastyear,makingiteasiertotravelaround.laughedreceivesbuilt4.(2025乐山改编)WeChineseoften_____handsandsmilewhenwemeetvisitors.5.

(2025兰州改编)Look,thekidsare________

ropeinthesportsfieldduringthe15-minutebreak.shakejumping知识点实义动词(行为动词)实义动词，也称行为动词，表示具体的行为动作或状态，可以单独作谓语。根据其后能否直接接宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。实义动词用法及物动词本身意义不完整，需要加上宾语才能使其意义完整。主要用于句型“①动词＋宾语；②动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语；③动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”中，如：need、ask、want、give注：有的动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。如：Let'ssingasongtogether.(sing作及物动词)Mysistersingsverywell.(sing作不及物动词)实义动词用法不及物动词本身意义完整，无须接宾语；若要接宾语，要先加介词再接宾语，如：go、work、run(

)6.(2025安徽)Paper-cuttingisnoteasytolearn.It____muchpractice,patienceandimagination.A.explains B.supports C.provides D.requires(

)7.(2025龙东地区改编)—HowdoyouimproveyourEnglishlisteningskills?—I____abouttwentyminuteswatchingEnglishvideoseveryday.A.pay B.take C.spend D.costDC(

)8.Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinprotectingpandas.Thenumberofwildpandashas____alot.A.helped B.increased C.protected D.happened(

)9.(2025无锡)You'rewelcome!____yougoodluck!A.Give B.Make C.Hope D.WishBD知识点系动词和助动词系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语，构成系表结构，用来说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。助动词本身无词义，只能和其他动词一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态、语态等。1．系动词的分类与用法类别用法例句表状态的系动词表达或显示一种状态或保持一种状况，常见的有be、seem、appear、keep、remain、stay等

HisEnglishisexcellent.

Heseemstired.

Ihopeyou'llkeepfit.类别用法例句表感官的系动词表示“感觉”，常见的有look、feel、smell、sound、taste等Thisfoodtastesgood.表变化的系动词表示“变得，变成”，常见的有become、grow、turn、get、go等Hegrewold.注：look、feel、smell、taste、get、grow、turn等既可作实义动词，又可作系动词。2．助动词的分类与用法类别用法例句be(am,is，are,was,were)构成现在进行时Theyaredancingnow.构成过去进行时IwaswatchingTVatthattime.构成被动语态ThebookwaswrittenbyMoYan.do(does,did)构成疑问句、否定句

DoesheliveinGuangzhou?

Helendidn'tgotoschoolyesterday.加强语气Pleasedotakecareofyourself.have(has，had)构成完成时HehasgonetoWuhan.will/shall构成一般将来时ShewillleaveforQingdaotomorrow.(

)10.(2025乐山改编)Somepeopleeatwiththeireyes,sotheyliketoorderwhat____nice.A.looks B.smells C.tastes D.sounds(

)11.(2025无锡改编)SometimesIdrinkalotofcoffeetostay____inclass.A.wake B.awake C.waken12.Ithinkthecomputercanstillwork.(改为否定句)I_____thinkthecomputer___stillwork.ABdon'tcan知识点情态动词情态动词本身有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。情态动词后接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化(haveto除外)。情态动词用法例句can表示能力，意为“能，会”Icanhearyouclearly.表示请求和许可(可与may互换)，在疑问句中表示有礼貌地提出请求CanIborrowyourbike?情态动词用法例句can表示猜测，有潜在的可能性，用于疑问句中，肯定回答用may或must；用于否定句中，can't意为“不可能；一定不”

Canthenewsbetrue?

Hecan'tbeathome.couldcan的过去式Jimcouldswimattheageof6.表示请求，语气比can更委婉CouldIborrowyourpen?表示猜测，意为“可能”ThebookcouldbeJohn's.情态动词用法例句may用于疑问句中，表示请求和许可(可与can互换)，肯定回答用may，否定回答用can't或mustn't—MayIuseyourdictionary?

—Yes,youmay./No,youcan't/mustn't.表示猜测，意为“或许，可能”，可能性较小，常用在肯定句中Takearaincoatwithyou.Itmayrain.情态动词用法例句mightmay的过去式，表示猜测，可能性比may更小Hetoldmehemightbehereontime.haveto/musthaveto意为“不得不”，表示客观需要，有人称、数和时态的变化；在否定结构中，nothaveto表示“不必”It'stoolate,soIhavetogonow.情态动词用法例句haveto/mustmust表示说话人的主观看法，意为“必须”，在否定结构中，mustn't表示“不准，禁止”；must引导疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't或don'thaveto

Youmustbeherebeforefive.

—MustIdomyworknow?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.情态动词用法例句haveto/mustmust表示猜测，一般用于肯定句中，意为“一定，肯定”，可能性较大Youmustbetiredafterworkingforalongtime.need(既是情态动词又是实义动词)作情态动词时意为“需要”，主要用于疑问句和否定句中；用于疑问句时，肯定回答用must或haveto，否定回答用needn't或don'thaveto—NeedIgowithyou?—Yes,youmust/haveto./No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.作实义动词时，后接名词或动词不定式，常用在肯定句中Heneedstoaskthepoliceforhelp.情态动词用法例句will表示决心或愿望；用于第二人称的疑问句时，表示提出请求或询问意见

I'lldomybesttocatchupwiththem.

It'shot.Willyouopenthewindows？wouldwill的过去式；语气比will更委婉Wouldyoudomeafavour?情态动词用法例句shall/shouldshall用于第二、三人称时，表命令、警告、允诺等Youshalldoastheteachersaid.shall用于第一人称的疑问句时，表示征询对方的意见、看法或请求Shallwegotothezoothisweekend,Dad？should用于表示责任、义务或要求，也可表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”Youshouldhandintheexercisebook.情态动词用法例句hadbetterhadbetter意为“最好……”，表示劝告或建议，后接动词原形，其否定形式为hadbetternotYouhadbetterdriveslowly.(

)13.(2025连云港改编)FromApril8,petownersinChina____bringtheircatsordogsonsomehigh-speedtrains.A.must B.should C.can(

)14.(2025遂宁改编)—Ihavenotimetobuythingsinthesupermarket.—Don'tworry.Youcanshoponlineinstead.Thatway,you____wastealotoftimegoingfromshoptoshop.A.needn't B.mustn't C.can'tCA(

)15.

(2025长春改编)Thewaterbottle____beMr.Liu's.Thenameonthebottleisn'this.A.must B.mustn't C.can't(

)16.(2025云南改编)—Linda,canyoudohousework?—Yes,I____.Ilearnedtocookattheageofeight.A.must B.can C.should(

)17.____youturndowntheTV,please?I'mtryingtowork.A.Could B.Must C.MightCBA知识点动词短语动词短语在意义上相当于一个行为动词，是由两个或两个以上单词构成的短语。初中阶段需要学习和掌握的动词短语较多，此处仅列举一些常见的“同一动词型”短语和“同一介词/副词型”短语。1．同一动词型looklookfor寻找lookafter照料；照顾lookaround环顾四周

lookup(在字典或参考书中)查找；抬头看

lookthrough浏览lookat看……looklike看起来像……

lookout留意；小心lookdownupon看不起

lookover仔细检查turnturnon打开(电器、水龙头等)

turnoff关上(电器、水龙头等)turnup开大(音量、煤气)turndown关小(音量、煤气)；拒绝turnaround转身；掉头

turninto变成turnout结果是fallfalloff从……掉下来fallbehind落后fallover摔跤，跌倒在地

falldown跌倒；倒塌

putputaway收拾好，放好puton穿上

putdown放下putup举起；张贴；建造

putoff推迟

putout熄灭comecomeback回来cometrue实现comefrom来自comein进来

comeout出现；开花；出版

comeupwith提出；想出getgetback返回；取回gethome到家getinto进入……

getoff下车geton上车

getup起床

getto到达

gettogether相聚geton/alongwithsb.与某人相处

getreadyfor为……做准备gogoon继续gooff(警报)响起gowith与……相配goout出去

goby(时间)流逝

gothrough经历；通过goaway走开

goover仔细检查taketakeaway带走takeoff脱掉；起飞takeup开始从事；占用

takedown拆除；记录

takeover接管；接手

takeafter(长相/行为)像givegiveup放弃giveaway捐赠；赠送giveout散发；分发giveback归还

givein屈服；投降

giveoff发出；放出2.同一介词/副词型foraskfor要求

waitfor等待

carefor关心；照顾standfor代表

payfor为……付款

leavefor动身去……ofthinkof想起hearof听说dreamof梦想dieof死于fromlearnfrom向……学习hearfrom收到……的来信separatefrom分离；隔开

sufferfrom受(某种病痛)折磨

upcutup切碎

pickup捡起

growup长大

standup站立

wakeup唤醒

setup设立cleanup打扫

hurryup赶快

stayup熬夜

showup出现

cheerup使振作

dressup装扮；打扮withagreewith同意

mixwith混合

do/dealwith处理connectwith与……连接

catchupwith赶上abouttalkabout谈论

thinkabout考虑

know/learnabout了解careabout关心

worryabout担心

hearabout听说atlaughat嘲笑

arriveat到达

shoutat对……大喊knockat敲

pointat指向

smileat朝……微笑tolistento听……

leadto导致

payattentionto注意belongto属于

stickto坚持

lookforwardto期待ontryon试穿

focuson集中于

dependon依赖；依靠holdon等一下

keepon继续

liveon以……为生awaythrowaway扔掉runaway逃跑passaway去世downwritedown写下

cutdown砍倒

liedown躺下pulldown拆毁

calmdown冷静下来

breakdown损坏；出故障outhangout闲逛

pointout指出

findout查明；弄清

workout解决

dieout灭绝

setout出发runout用完；耗尽(

)18.(2025遂宁)—Helen,____thelightswhenyouleavetheroom.—OK,Mr.Smith.Igotit.A.turnon B.turnoff C.turnup D.turndown(

)19.(2025扬州)Stresscomesandgoes.Sometimesyoujustneedto____.A.sitdown B.falldown C.calmdown D.comedownBC(

)20.(2025宿迁)Inyesterday'smathslesson,ourgroup____theproblemafteradiscussion.A.cutout B.workedout C.putout D.handedout(

)21.(2025安徽)—Thanksalotforyesterday.Ihadagoodtimevisitingtheancienttown.—Itwasmygreatpleasureto____withyou.A.hangout B.turnaround C.lookup D.eatinBA基础过关一、小语篇特训(一)(核心素养：思维品质)Onesunnynoon,ZhaoAoming,a14-year-oldmiddleschoolstudent,wascyclinghomepastXinghuGarden.Suddenly,he1loudcriesforhelpcomingfromthenearbylake.Whenhe2tothelake,henoticedanoldmanhavingtroubleinthewater.Theman'sclotheswereheavy,makingithardtogetoutofthelake.Zhaoquickly3alongstickandpushedittowardtheman.Afterthreetries,themancaughtit,andZhaopulledhimsafelyontodryland.Theelderlymanwasshakingandcouldnot4hisname.Zhaosatnexttothemanandheldhishandtocomfort(安慰)him.”It'sokay,Grandpa，”hesaidinacalmvoice.Usinghisphone,Zhao5thecommunityofficeandthepolice.Whentheyarrived,hequietlyleftwithout6hisname.Later,peoplefoundtheman'sfamilythroughneighborhoodchecks.Thisstoryshowswecanallhelpothersbydoingtherightthing.(

)1.A.smelled B.tasted C.touched D.heard(

)2.A.led B.traveled C.ran D.agreed(

)3.A.pickedup B.lookedup C.madeup D.gotup(

)4.A.forget B.remember C.carry D.find(

)5.A.wrote B.talked C.called D.brought(

)6.A.keeping B.giving C.creating D.usingDCABCB(二)AlbertEinsteinwasborninGermanyin1879.Asaboyhewasunhappyinschool.He1.______tobeslowerthanothersandheoftenfailedinhisexams.Mostofhisteachersdidnotlikehim.However,hisparents2._____himverymuch.Theyoftensaidtotheteachers,”Albertisabrightboy.Hefailedinsomeoftheexamsbecausehewasn'tinterestedseemedlovedinthosesubjects.”They3.________theirsonwoulddosomethinggreat.Oneday,theEinsteinsandtheirfriendswerehavingapicnicbytheriverside.Someonesaid,”Seehowtheotherchildrenplayandlaugh,butnotAlbert.Hejust4.____andlooksacrosstheriver.”Albert'smother5._____thisandsaid,”Albertisquiet,becausehe'sthinking.Let'swaitandsee.He'llbecomeagreatscientist,Ibelieve.”Shewasright.Later,Albert6.______oneofthegreatestscientistsintheworld.HewontheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1921.believedsitsheardbecame能力提升二、完形填空(2025烟台改编)Ceschiwasbornin1993inItaly.In2014,hewassenttoChinaasasports1tocover(报道)the2014YouthOlympicGamesinNanjing.“Duringthebreaksofmyreportingwork,Iwould2theOlympicVillage,whereImetmanyvolunteers.Theyleftaverypositiveimpression(印象)onme.Ifeltthattheywerevery3

intheworld，”Ceschisaid.ToCeschi,thesevolunteerspresentedarealpictureofChina,ashelaterwroteinhisbook:”Althoughtherearecultural4,wecanunderstandeachother,andgrowtogether.CooperatingwiththevolunteersmademefeelthatChinaisasocietywilling(愿意的)toconnectwiththeworldandbea5partoftheglobal(全球的)village.”This6inNanjingstartedhisloveforChina.Inthesummerof2016,shortlyaftergraduatingfromuniversity,CeschidecidedtomovefromRometoBeijing.HelearnedChinese7andbeganwritingabouthisexperiencesinChinese.InhisbookDreaming

in

Chinese,hesaid,”InthelargelandofChina,Ihaveexperiencedacolorfulandimpressivelife.”InSichuan,he8thefreezingwinteranddialects(方言);inShanghai,hejoinedaChinesewritingclub.Heeventookahigh-speedtrainfromBeijingtoShenzhento9thesunsetinapark.“Ilovethiscountry.Peoplehereseemedtohaveendlessenergy,andIwasinspiredand10bythisforce，”Ceschiwroteinhisbook.(

)1.A.doctor B.player C.reporter D.fan(

)2.A.walkaround B.hearfrom C.learnabout D.thinkof(

)3.A.relaxed B.interested C.excited D.surprised(

)4.A.activities B.conditions C.adventures D.differences(

)5.A.close B.simple C.main D.separateCABDA【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指与志愿者的合作让“我”感受到中国是一个愿意与世界相连、并成为‘