2026年GRE语文考试真题(完整版)

2026年GRE语文考试真题(完整版)

Section1:SentenceEquivalence(SingleBlank)

1.Althoughthepolitician’spublicpersonawasoneofunwaveringconfidence,privatemomentsrevealeda_______nature,oftenplaguedbyindecisionandanxiety.

A.bombastic

B.pusillanimous

C.mercurial

D.steadfast

E.timorous

F.vacillating

2.Thecritic’sreviewofthenewsymphonywassurprisingly_______;ratherthandissectingthetechnicalmeritsofthecomposition,shefocusedentirelyontheemotionalresonanceitevokedwithinthecontextofcontemporarysocialupheaval.

A.analytical

B.esoteric

C.tangential

D.autodidactic

E.evanescent

F.incidental

3.Medievalalchemistswereoftenmotivatedbyagenuinedesiretounderstandthenaturalworld,yettheirmethods,relyingheavilyonmysticalsymbolismratherthanempiricalobservation,remain_______tomodernscientists.

A.anathema

B.elucidatory

C.analogous

D.antithetical

E.germane

F.obscure

4.Thenewpolicyintroducedbytheadministrationwasintendedtostreamlinebureaucraticprocedures,butinpractice,itservedonlyto_______thealreadyconvolutedprocesswithadditionallayersofoversight.

A.simplify

B.exacerbate

C.mollify

D.attenuate

E.complicate

F.alleviate

5.Whiletheauthor’searlyworkswerecelebratedfortheirraw,unfilteredemotionalism,hislaternovelsadoptedamore_______tone,favoringintellectualdetachmentovervisceralexpression.

A.cerebral

B.impassioned

C.polemical

D.dispassionate

E.didactic

F.aesthetic

Section2:TextCompletion(TwoBlanks)

6.Thediscoveryoftheancientmanuscriptwasinitiallymetwithskepticismbytheacademiccommunity,whoregardeditspurportedprovenanceas(i)_______;however,subsequentcarbondatingconfirmeditsauthenticity,effectively(ii)_______thedetractorsandvalidatingtheinitialclaimsofthearchaeologicalteam.

Blank(i)

A.dubious

B.exemplary

C.arcane

Blank(ii)

D.vindicating

E.silencing

F.encouraging

7.TheCEO’smanagementstyleisoftendescribedas(i)_______,assheoscillatesbetweenmicromanagingminordetailsandcompletelyignoringstrategicplanning,leavingemployeesconfusedand(ii)_______.

Blank(i)

A.consistent

B.capricious

C.despotic

Blank(ii)

D.empowered

E.demoralized

F.inspired

8.Inanefforttopreservetheendangeredlanguage,theresearchersdevelopedamobileapplicationthatutilizes(i)_______algorithmstoanalyzespeechpatterns,atechnologicalapproachthatrepresentsasignificantdeparturefromthe(ii)_______methodsoftraditionalethnography.

Blank(i)

A.rudimentary

B.sophisticated

C.antiquated

Blank(ii)

D.innovative

E.conventional

F.empirical

9.Thenovel’snarrativestructureisdeliberately(i)_______,mirroringtheprotagonist’sfragmentedpsyche;thistechnique,whilechallengingforsomereaders,ultimatelyservesto(ii)_______thethematicexplorationofmemoryandidentity.

Blank(i)

A.linear

B.coherent

C.disjointed

Blank(ii)

D.obscure

E.illuminate

F.trivialize

10.Thesenator’sattemptto(i)_______thescandalwithapublicapologyfailedmiserably,asnewevidenceemergedthatcontradictedhisearlierstatements,provinghiscontritiontobe(ii)_______ratherthansincere.

Blank(i)

A.exacerbate

B.mitigate

C.ignore

Blank(ii)

D.spontaneous

E.calculated

F.genuine

Section3:TextCompletion(ThreeBlanks)

11.Thetransitionfromfeudalismtocapitalismwasnotasingulareventbuta(i)_______processcharacterizedbyfrequentperiodsofstagnationandregression.Whileeconomichistoriansemphasizetheroleofmarketforces,sociologistsarguethatculturalshiftswereequally(ii)_______,notingthatthechangingperceptionofusuryfromasintoanecessaryeconomicfunctionwas(iii)_______inthedevelopmentofthemodernfinancialsystem.

Blank(i)

A.precipitous

B.halting

C.seamless

Blank(ii)

D.negligible

E.pivotal

F.detrimental

Blank(iii)

G.animpediment

H.anirrelevance

I.instrumental

12.Theplaywright’sdialogueisrenownedforits(i)_______,capturingthespecificvernacularoftheregionwithsuchprecisionthatoutsidersoftenfinditnearlyimpenetrable.Thislinguisticdensity,however,isnotmerelyastylisticflourish;itservesto(ii)_______theaudienceintheimmediaterealityofthecharacters,refusingtoallowtheviewerthecomfortof(iii)_______.

Blank(i)

A.clarity

B.opacity

C.inscrutability

Blank(ii)

D.alienate

E.immerse

F.bewilder

Blank(iii)

G.detachment

H.familiarity

I.comprehension

13.Recentstudiesinquantumbiologysuggestthattheprinciplesofquantummechanics,specificallyquantumcoherence,mayplayarolein(i)_______processessuchasphotosynthesis.Ifthesefindingsholdtrue,theywould(ii)_______thelong-heldassumptionthatquantumeffectsaretoofragiletoexistinthewarm,noisyenvironmentsofbiologicalsystems,potentiallyopeningnewavenuesfor(iii)_______energytechnologies.

Blank(i)

A.mechanical

B.biological

C.metabolic

Blank(ii)

D.bolster

E.refute

F.clarify

Blank(iii)

G.archaic

H.renewable

I.stagnant

Section4:ReadingComprehension

Passage1

TheprevailingnarrativeregardingtheextinctionoftheNeanderthalspositsthattheywereoutcompetedbyanatomicallymodernhumans(AMH),whopossessedsuperiorcognitiveabilitiesandmoreadvancedtooltechnologies.This"ReplacementModel"suggeststhatAMH,migratingintoEuropefromAfrica,rapidlysupplantedtheindigenousNeanderthalpopulationsthroughacombinationofdirectconflictandindirectresourcecompetition.However,recentpaleogeneticevidencecomplicatesthisunidirectionalviewofhistory.AnalysisofNeanderthalgenomeshasrevealedthatinterbreedingbetweenNeanderthalsandAMHdidoccur,leavingalegacyofNeanderthalDNAinthegenomesofnon-Africanmodernhumanpopulations.Furthermore,archaeologicalevidencefromsitesinsouthernSpainandGibraltarsuggeststhatNeanderthalssurvivedseveralmillennialongerthanpreviouslythought,contemporaneouslyexistingwithAMHinisolatedrefugia.Thesefindingschallengethenotionofarapid,decisivereplacementandinsteadpointtowardamorecomplexscenarioinvolvingprolongedinteraction,culturalexchange,andperhapsevenadegreeofassimilation.ThesurvivalofNeanderthalsintheserefugiaimpliesthattheirextinctionwasnotsolelyduetobiologicalinferioritybutmayhavebeendrivenbyclimaticfluctuationsanddemographicfragmentation.

Question14

Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto

A.ArguethatNeanderthalswerecognitivelysuperiortoanatomicallymodernhumans.

B.PresentevidencethatchallengesthetraditionalReplacementModelofNeanderthalextinction.

C.DescribethespecifictooltechnologiesusedbyNeanderthalsintheIberianPeninsula.

D.ProvethatclimaticfluctuationswerethesolecauseofNeanderthalextinction.

E.Demonstratethatgeneticanalysisistheonlyreliablemethodforstudyingprehistory.

Question15

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingpiecesofevidenceunderminesthe"ReplacementModel"?

A.ThediscoveryofadvancedtoolsinAfricansitesdatingback100,000years.

B.ThepresenceofNeanderthalDNAinmodernnon-Africanhumangenomes.

C.ThefactthatNeanderthalsmigratedintoEuropebeforeanatomicallymodernhumans.

D.Thelackofanyskeletalremainsindicatingconflictbetweenthetwogroups.

E.TherapidexpansionofanatomicallymodernhumansintoAsia.

Question16

Theauthormentions"refugia"(line12)mostlikelyinorderto

A.SuggestareaswhereNeanderthalswereabletoavoidcompetitionwithmodernhumans.

B.Indicatethelocationswheretheearliestinterbreedinglikelyoccurred.

C.Highlighttheregionsmostseverelyaffectedbyclimaticfluctuations.

D.IdentifythesiteswherethemostadvancedNeanderthaltoolswerefound.

E.ArguethatNeanderthalsweregeographicallyisolatedfromtherestofEurope.

Passage2

Theconceptof"biologicalindividuality"issurprisinglyfluid.Whileweintuitivelycategorizeasingleorganismasanindividual—likeahumanbeingoramapletree—natureoftenblurstheseboundaries.ConsiderthePortuguesemano'war.Itappearstobeasinglejellyfish-likeentity,yetitisactuallyacolonialorganismcomposedofnumerousspecializedpolypsandmedusoidsthatarephysiologicallyintegratedandfunctionallyinterdependent.Thesezooidscannotsurvivealone;thefeedingpolypcapturesprey,thereproductivepolypensurespropagation,andthefloatingpolypprovidesbuoyancy.Aretheyoneindividualormany?Similarly,intheplantkingdom,quakingaspensoftenformvastclonalcoloniesthroughasinglerootsystem.Agroveofthousandsoftrunksmaybegeneticallyidentical,sharingresourcesandrespondingtostimuliasaunifiedentity.Fromanevolutionaryperspective,theunitofselectionisnotnecessarilythephysiologicalindividualbutthegeneticlineage.Thisperspectiveforcesare-evaluationofwhatconstitutesan"organism."Iftheboundaryoftheindividualisdefinedbygeneticuniquenessandfunctionalindependence,thentheaspengroveisasingleindividual,despiteitsphysicalfragmentation.Conversely,ifindividualityisdefinedbyphysiologicalautonomy,thenthemano'warisacollective.Thisambiguityhighlightsthatbiologicalindividualityisnotabinarystatebutaspectrum,influencedbytheinterplayofgenetics,physiology,andevolutionarystrategy.

Question17

TheauthordiscussesthePortuguesemano'warinorderto

A.Provideanexampleofanorganismthathasclearlydefinedbiologicalboundaries.

B.Illustratethedifficultyofapplyingtheconceptofindividualitytocertainlifeforms.

C.Contrastmarinelifewithterrestrialliferegardingthedefinitionofanorganism.

D.Arguethatcolonialorganismsaremoreevolutionarilyadvancedthansolitaryones.

E.Demonstratehowphysiologicalintegrationensuressurvivalinharshenvironments.

Question18

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredaboutthequakingaspengrovefromthepassage?

A.Itiscomposedofgeneticallydistincttreesthatcooperateforsurvival.

B.Itchallengesthedefinitionofindividualitybasedonphysiologicalautonomy.

C.Itisconsideredasingleindividualunderalldefinitionsofbiologicalindividuality.

D.Itreproducessexuallyratherthanthroughcloning.

E.Itdemonstratesthatphysicalfragmentationpreventsfunctionalunity.

Question19

Thepassagesuggeststhatthe"unitofselection"inevolutionisbestdescribed

A.Asthephysiologicalorganismthatinteractswiththeenvironment.

B.Asthephysicallydistinctentitycapableofindependentsurvival.

C.Intermsofgeneticcontinuityratherthanphysicalstructure.

D.Asthecolonialorganismthatfunctionsmostefficiently.

E.Throughthebinarystateofbeingeitheranindividualoracollective.

Question20

Selectthesentenceinthepassagethatexplicitlystatestheauthor'sconclusionregardingthenatureofbiologicalindividuality.

A."Theconceptof'biologicalindividuality'issurprisinglyfluid."

B."Thesezooidscannotsurvivealone..."

C."Fromanevolutionaryperspective,theunitofselectionisnotnecessarilythephysiologicalindividualbutthegeneticlineage."

D."Thisperspectiveforcesare-evaluationofwhatconstitutesan'organism.'"

E."Thisambiguityhighlightsthatbiologicalindividualityisnotabinarystatebutaspectrum,influencedbytheinterplayofgenetics,physiology,andevolutionarystrategy."

Passage3(LongPassage)

Therelationshipbetweenartandpropagandahashistoricallybeencontentious,particularlyinthecontextof20th-centurytotalitarianregimes.Theprevailingaesthetictheoryindemocraticsocietiesoftenholdsthatartshouldbeautonomous,servingonlythepursuitofbeautyortruth,freefromthetaintofpoliticalinstrumentalization.Incontrast,totalitarianregimes,mostnotablyNaziGermanyandStalinistRussia,explicitlydemandedthatartservethestate,promotingspecificideologiesandglorifyingthenation.Thisdichotomy,however,oftenobscuresthesubtlewaysinwhichartindemocraticsocietiesalsofunctionspropagandistically,albeitthroughdifferentmechanisms.

InNaziGermany,theconceptof"Gleichschaltung"(coordination)forcedallculturalinstitutionstoalignwiththeParty'sideology.Artwasnotmerelyencouragedbutmandatedtobeheroic,monumental,andraciallypure.Theresultwasabodyofwork—epicfilms,imposingarchitecture,andidealizedpaintings—thatwasaestheticallysophisticatedyetmorallybankrupt.Thepropagandavaluelaynotjustintheexplicitmessagebutintheaestheticizationofpoliticsitself.Bymakingtheregime'sideologyvisuallyandemotionallyresonant,artbypassedcriticalfacultiesandappealeddirectlytotheemotions.Thiswasthe"fascination"offascism;itofferedatotalizingaestheticexperiencethatpromisedtranscendencethroughcollectivebelonging.

StalinistSocialistRealismfollowedasimilartrajectory,thoughwithdistinctstylisticrequirements.WhereNaziartoftenlookedbacktoamythicclassicalpast,SocialistRealismwasostensiblyforward-looking,depictingthetriumphantmarchoftheproletariattowardautopianfuture.Artistswererequiredtoadheretothemethodof"partinost"(party-mindedness),ensuringthateveryworkreflectedthePartyline.Thestrictcontrolextendedtothesuppressionofavant-gardemovementslikeSuprematismandConstructivism,whichweredeemed"bourgeois"and"formalist"becausetheyprioritizedabstractformoversocialcontent.Theconsequencewasahomogenizationofartisticexpression,wheredeviationfromtheprescribedstylewasnotjustanartisticfailurebutapoliticalcrime.

However,toviewpropagandaastheexclusiveprovinceoftotalitarianstatesistoignorethepervasivesoftpowerofculturalproductioninliberaldemocracies.Whilethestatedoesnottypicallydictateartisticcontentinademocracy,marketforcesandprevailingsocialnormsexertasimilarhomogenizingpressure.TheHollywoodstudiosystem,forinstance,duringtheGoldenAge,functionedasadefactopropagandamachine,promotingAmericanvaluesofindividualism,capitalism,andthenuclearfamily.TheHaysCode,whilenotagovernmentmandate,wasaself-imposedindustryregulationthatcensoredcontenttomaintainaspecificimageofAmericanmorality.Thisformofpropagandaismoreinsidiousbecauseitoperatesundertheguiseofentertainmentandfreechoice,maskingtheideologicalstructuresthatunderpinthenarratives.

Furthermore,thedistinctionbetween"artforart'ssake"and"politicalart"isitselfaconstruction.Allartexistswithinasocialcontextandmakesassumptions,consciouslyorunconsciously,aboutthenatureofreality.Alandscapepaintingthatignorestheindustrialblightsurroundingitmakesapoliticalstatementaboutwhatisworthdepictingandwhatshouldbehidden.Byframingtheworldinspecificways,artprivilegescertainperspectivesandmarginalizesothers.Therefore,thequestionisnotwhetherartispropaganda,buttowhatextentitalignswithdominantpowerstructuresandwhetheritoffersaspaceforresistanceorcritique.

Inthecontemporaryera,thelineshaveblurredfurtherwiththeadventofdigitalmediaandcorporatesponsorship.Publicartinstallationsareoftenfundedbycorporationsseekingto"greenwash"theirimage,associatingtheirbrandwithculturalprestige.Theboundariesbetweenadvertising,entertainment,andarthavebecomeincreasinglyporous.Thissuggeststhatthetotalitarianmodelofexplicit,state-directedpropagandaismerelyanextrememanifestationofabroaderdynamic:theuseofculturetolegitimizepower.Whetherthepowercomesfromadictatororacorporateboardroom,thefunctionoftheartremains—tonaturalizetheexistingorderandmakethecontingentappearnecessary.

Question21

Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto

A.CompareandcontrasttheartisticmeritsofNaziGermanyandStalinistRussia.

B.Arguethatartisinherentlypoliticalandfunctionsasatoolofpowerinallsocieties.

C.Defendtheconceptof"artforart'ssake"againstpoliticalinstrumentalization.

D.Criticizethesuppressionoftheavant-gardeintotalitarianregimes.

E.AnalyzethespecifictechniquesusedinSocialistRealismtopromotetheproletariat.

Question22

Theauthormentions"Gleichschaltung"and"partinost"primarilyto

A.HighlightthestylisticdifferencesbetweenNaziandStalinistart.

B.Demonstratetheorganizationalmechanismsusedbytotalitarianstatestocontrolart.

C.Showthatbothregimesvaluedmythicclassicaltraditionsequally.

D.Arguethatartisticfreedomwasimpossibleinthe20thcentury.

E.Provideexamplesofavant-gardemovementsthatweresuppressed.

Question23

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueregardingtheHollywoodstudiosystemduringtheGoldenAge?

A.ItwasdirectlycontrolledbytheUnitedStatesgovernmenttoproducewarpropaganda.

B.Itoperatedwithcompleteartisticfreedom,unlikethesystemsinEurope.

C.ItfunctionedasapropagandisticforcebypromotingspecificAmericanvaluesthroughmarketmechanisms.

D.Itrejectedtheuseofpropagandainfavorofpurelyaestheticconsiderations.

E.ItwasprimarilyinfluencedbyStalinistSocialistRealism.

Question24

Theauthorsuggeststhatalandscapepaintingwhichignoresindustrialblightispoliticalbecauseit

A.Explicitlysupportstheindustrialcomplex.

B.FailstoadheretotheprinciplesofSocialistRealism.

C.Makesastatementaboutwhatisworthyofrepresentation.

D.Iscreatedbyartistswhoarefundedbycorporateinterests.

E.Attemptstoappealtotheviewer'semotionsratherthantheircriticalfaculties.

Question25

Inthefinalparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat"greenwashing"bycorporationsis

A.Amorehonestformofartthanstate-sponsoredpropaganda.

B.Anexampleofhowartcontinuestoservetheinterestsofpowerstructures.

C.Anecessaryevilforthefundingofpublicartinacapitalistsociety.

D.Adistinctphenomenonthatisunrelatedtotheconceptofpropaganda.

E.Asuccessfulattempttoresistthedominantideologiesofthestate.

Question26

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthethirdparagraphinthepassageasawhole?

A.Itprovidesadetailedcounter-argumenttotheclaimsmadeinthesecondparagraph.

B.Itoffersaspecificexampleofthegeneralprincipleintroducedinthefirstparagraph.

C.Itrefutestheideathatpropagandaisuniquetototalitarianstatesbyexaminingdemocraticcontexts.

D.ItsummarizesthehistoricaldifferencesbetweenEuropeanandAmericanart.

E.Ittransitionsfromadiscussionofvisualarttoadiscussionofcinema.

Question27

Thepassagesuggeststhatthe"fascinationoffascism"(line20)referstothe

A.IntellectualrigorofNaziaesthetictheory.

B.Abilityoffascistarttoemotionallyengagetheviewerandbypasscriticalthought.

C.Historicalinterestmodernscholarshaveinstudyingtotalitarianart.

D.TechnicalsuperiorityofNazifilmandarchitecture.

E.GlobalinfluenceofNaziartonothertotalitarianregimes.

Section5:QuantitativeReasoning(Content-basedLogic/MathApplicationinVerbalContext)

Note:WhilethisisaVerbalsection,theGREsometimestestslogic.However,forthisspecificVerbaltestrequest,wewillsticktostandardVerbalquestiontypesbutperhapsincludeapassagewithquantitativedata.Note:WhilethisisaVerbalsection,theGREsometimestestslogic.However,forthisspecificVerbaltestrequest,wewillsticktostandardVerbalquestiontypesbutperhapsincludeapassagewithquantitativedata.

Passage4(QuantitativeContext)

Inastudyofavianmigrationpatterns,researcherstrackedtwopopulationsofgeese,PopulationAandPopulationB.PopulationAconsistsof1,200geese,andPopulationBconsistsof800geese.Thestudyobservedthat30%ofthegeeseinPopulationAmigratedtoRegionX,while45%ofthegeeseinPopulationBmigratedtoRegionX.Concurrently,20%ofPopulationAmigratedtoRegionY,and10%ofPopulationBmigratedtoRegionY.Theremaininggeeseinbothpopulationsdidnotmigratebutremainedintheirbreedinggrounds.

Question28

IfagooseisselectedatrandomfromthetotalcombinedpopulationofAandB,whatistheprobabilitythatitmigratedtoRegionX?

A.0.36

B.0.375

C.0.40

D.0.42

E.0.45

Question29

Whichofthefollowingstatementsmustbetruebasedonthedataprovided?

A.MoregeesefromPopulationAmigratedtoRegionYthanfromPopulationB.

B.ThetotalnumberofgeesemigratingtoRegionXisgreaterthanthetotalnumbermigratingtoRegionY.

C.Thepercentageofthetotalcombinedpopulationthatremainedinbreedinggroundsislessthan50%.

D.PopulationAhasahigherrateofmigration(toanyregion)thanPopulationB.

E.ThenumberofgeesefromPopulationAthatwenttoRegionXisdoublethenumberfromPopulationBthatwenttoRegionY.

Section6:SentenceEquivalence(6Select2)

29.Thephilosopher’sargumentswereso_______thattheymanagedtoconvinceevenhisstaunchestcritics,whowereforcedtogrudginglyacceptthelogicofhisconclusions.

A.specious

B.cogent

C.lucid

D.fallacious

E.equivocal

F.perspicuous

30.Despitetheinitialexcitementsurroundingthenewdiscovery,theresultsprovedtobe_______whensubsequentexperimentsfailedtoreplicatetheoriginalfindings.

A.anomalous

B.verifiable

C.replicable

D.irreproducible

E.consistent

F.elusive

31.TheCEO’s_______demeanorduringthecrisisreassuredtheemployees;hercalmpresencepreventedpanicfromspreadingthroughtheoffice.

A.fractious

B.agitated

C.placid

D.mercurial

E.serene

F.tumultuous

32.Whiletheartist’searlyworkwasvibrantandfulloflife,hislatercompositionswereoftencriticizedforbeingoverly_______andlackinginemotionaldepth.

A.somber

B.dynamic

C.kinetic

D.lethargic

E.vivacious

F.insipid

33.Historiansoftenregardthetreatyasa_______measure;ittemporarilyhaltedtheconflictbutfailedtoaddresstheunderlyinggrievancesthatwouldeventuallyleadtorenewedwarfare.

A.permanent

B.salutary

C.deleterious

D.provisional

E.conciliatory

F.expedient

****

AnswerKeyandExplanations

1.E,F

Analysis:Thesentencecontraststhepublicpersonaof"unwaveringconfidence"withtheprivatenature.Theclueis"plaguedbyindecisionandanxiety."

E.Timorousmeansshowingfearorlackofconfidence.

F.Vacillatingmeanswaveringbetweendifferentoptions,i.e.,indecisive.

Whynotothers?Bombastic(high-soundingbutempty)doesn'tfittheprivateanxiety.Mercurial(changeable)isclosebutlessspecifictofearthantimorous.Steadfastistheopposite.

2.C,F

Analysis:Thesentenceuses"ratherthan,"indicatingacontrast.Thecriticdidnotfocusontechnicalmerits(analysis),butonemotionalresonanceinasocialcontext.

C.Tangentialmeansdivergingfromamaintopicorperipheral.Ifsheignoredthetechnicalmeritsofthesymphonyitselftotalkaboutsocialcontext,thereviewwastangentialtothesubjectofthemusic'stechnicality.

F.Incidentalmeansoccurringasaminorresultorsubordinate.Here,thereviewtreatedthemusicasincidentaltothesocialcontext.

Whynotothers?Analyticalisthecontrast.Esoteric(specialized)doesn'tfitthesocialcontextfocus.

3.A,D

Analysis:Thesentencecontrasts"genuinedesiretounderstand"with"mysticalsymbolismratherthanempiricalobservation."Thekeyistheconflictbetweenalchemyandmodernscience.

A.Anathemameanssomethingorsomeonethatonevehementlydislikes.

D.Antitheticalmeansdirectlyopposed.

Whynotothers?Elucidatory(explanatory)andanalogous(similar)aretheopposite.Obscureistooweak;modernscientistsdon'tjustfinditunclear,theyfinditfundamentallyopposedtotheirmethods.

4.B,E

Analysis:Theclause"butinpractice"signalsacontrast.Theintentwasto"streamline"(simplify),buttheresultwastheopposite.

B.Exacerbatemeanstomakeaproblemorbadsituationworse.

E.Complicatemeanstomakedifficult.

Whynotothers?Simplify,mollify(soothe),andalleviate(ease)areallsynonymsfortheintendedoutcome,nottheactualresult.

5.A,D

Analysis:Thesentencecontrasts"raw,unfilteredemotionalism"with"intellectualdetachment."

A.Cerebralmeansintellectualasopposedtoemotionalorphysical.

D.Dispassionatemeansnotinfluencedbystrongfeelings;objective.

Whynotothers?Impassionedandpolemical(aggressiveargument)areemotional.Didactic(teaching)andaesthetic(beauty)don'tfitthecontrasttoemotionalismaswellascerebraldoes.

6.A,D

Analysis:Theinitialreactionwas"skepticism,"sotheprovenancewasviewednegatively(Blanki).Theevidence"confirmeditsauthenticity,"whichsupportstheoriginalteamandopposestheskeptics(Blankii).

Blank(i)A.Dubiousmeansdoubtfulorsuspicious.

Blank(ii)D.Vindicatingmeanstoclearofblameordoubt;toproveright.

Whynotothers?Exemplaryispositive.Arcaneisobscure.Silencingistoostrong;theevidenceprovedthemwrong(vindicatedtheteam)ratherthanjustshuttingthemup.Encouragingistooweak.

7.B,E

Analysis:TheCEO"oscillatesbetweenmicromanaging...andcompletelyignoring,"whichisinconsistentbehavior(Blanki).Thisleavesemployeesconfusedandlikelyfeelingbad(Blankii).

Blank(i)B.Capriciousmeansgiventosuddenchangesofmoodorbehavior.

Blank(ii)E.Demoralizedmeanshavinglostconfidenceorenthusiasm.

Whynotothers?Consistentanddespoticdon'tfittheoscillation.Empoweredandinspiredarepositiveopposites.

8.B,E

Analysis:Theappusesalgorithmstoanalyzespeech(Blanki).Thisisadeparturefrom"traditional"methods(Blankii).

Blank(i)B.Sophisticatedfitsthecontextofmodernalgorithmsbetterthanrudimentaryorantiquated.

Blank(ii)E.Conventionalmeanstraditional.Thedepartureisfromtheoldtothenew.

Whynotothers?Innovativeistheoppositeofwhatgoesintheblank(it'sadeparturefromX).Empiricalisatraitofscience,notnecessarilytheoppositeofthenewapp.

9.C,E

Analysis:Thestructuremirrorsa"fragmentedpsyche,"soitisbrokenup(Blanki).Thistechniqueservestohelpunderstand(illuminate)thethemes(Blankii).

Blank(i)C.Disjointedmeansseparatedordisconnected.

Blank(ii)E.Illuminatemeanstolightuporclarify.

Whynotothers?Linearandcoherentareopposites.Obscureandtrivializearenegative;thesentenceimpliesthetechniqueisuseful("servesto").

10.B,E

Analysis:Theapologyfailedbecausenewevidencecontradictedhim.Hetriedtoreducethedamage(Blanki).Theapologywasnot