北京信息科技大学《环境工程专业英语》2025-2026学年第一学期期末试卷(B卷)

站名：站名：年级专业：姓名：学号：凡年级专业、姓名、学号错写、漏写或字迹不清者，成绩按零分记。…………密………………封………………线…………第1页，共1页北京信息科技大学《环境工程专业英语》2025-2026学年第一学期期末试卷(B卷)注意事项:1.请考生在下列横线上填写姓名、学号和年级专业。2.请仔细阅读各种题目的回答要求，在规定的位置填写答案。3.不要在试卷上乱写乱画，不要在装订线内填写无关的内容。4.考试时间120分钟专业学号姓名题号一二三四五六七八总分统分人复查人得分得分评分人一、单项选择题（每题1分，共20分）1.Theterm"sustainabledevelopment"wasfirstintroducedby______in1987.A.WorldBankB.UnitedNationsC.WorldHealthOrganizationD.InternationalEnergyAgency2.Whichofthefollowingisnotaprimaryenvironmentalissue?A.AirpollutionB.WaterpollutionC.SoilerosionD.Energyconservation3.TheCleanAirActof1970wasprimarilyaimedatreducing______.A.noisepollutionB.waterpollutionC.airpollutionD.soilpollution4.Theterm"ecosystemservices"referstothebenefitsthat______providetohumans.A.naturalresourcesB.ecosystemsC.human-madesystemsD.bothAandB5.Whichofthefollowingisanon-renewableresource?A.SolarenergyB.WindenergyC.CoalD.Water6.TheKyotoProtocolisaninternationalagreementthataimsto______.A.reducegreenhousegasemissionsB.promoterenewableenergyC.protectbiodiversityD.alloftheabove7.Theterm"biodegradable"referstosubstancesthatcanbe______bylivingorganisms.A.consumedB.recycledC.brokendownD.disposedof8.Whichofthefollowingisacommonmethodusedforwatertreatment?A.AdsorptionB.DistillationC.MembranefiltrationD.Alloftheabove9.Theterm"e-waste"refersto______.A.electronicdevicesthatarenolongerinuseB.electronicdevicesthatarebeingrepairedC.electronicdevicesthatarebeingproducedD.electronicdevicesthatarebeingsold10.Theterm"ecologicalfootprint"referstothe______ofanindividual,organization,orcountry.A.totalamountofresourcesusedB.totalamountofwasteproducedC.totalamountofenergyconsumedD.totalamountofwaterused11.Theterm"bioenergy"referstoenergythatisderivedfrom______.A.fossilfuelsB.renewableresourcesC.nuclearenergyD.geothermalenergy12.Theterm"greenhousegas"referstogasesthat______.A.absorbsolarradiationB.emitsolarradiationC.reflectsolarradiationD.absorbandemitsolarradiation13.Theterm"climatechange"referstolong-termchangesin______.A.weatherpatternsB.oceancurrentsC.atmosphericcompositionD.alloftheabove14.Theterm"biodiversity"referstothe______oflifeonEarth.A.varietyofspeciesB.varietyofecosystemsC.varietyofhabitatsD.alloftheabove15.Theterm"ecologicalsustainability"referstotheabilityofanecosystemto______.A.supportlifeB.maintainitsstructureandfunctionC.provideresourcesandservicesD.alloftheabove16.Theterm"environmentaljustice"referstothefairtreatmentandinvolvementofallpeople,regardlessofrace,color,nationalorigin,orincome,withrespecttothedevelopment,implementation,andenforcementofenvironmentallaws,regulations,andpolicies.A.TrueB.False17.Theterm"sustainableconsumption"referstothe______ofgoodsandservicesthatmeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.A.efficientuseB.responsibleuseC.equitableuseD.alloftheabove18.Theterm"ecologicalmodernization"referstothe______ofeconomicdevelopmentthataimstointegrateenvironmentalconcernsintoeconomicpoliciesandpractices.A.traditionalB.modernC.sustainableD.alloftheabove19.Theterm"greenchemistry"referstothedesignofchemicalproductsandprocessesthatreduceoreliminatetheuseandgenerationofhazardoussubstances.A.TrueB.False20.Theterm"environmentalassessment"referstotheprocessofevaluatingthepotentialenvironmentalimpactsofaprojectorpolicy.A.TrueB.False二、多项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.Thefollowingareexamplesofenvironmentalissues:A.AirpollutionB.WaterpollutionC.SoilerosionD.EnergyconservationE.Biodiversityloss2.Thefollowingareexamplesofrenewableenergysources:A.SolarenergyB.WindenergyC.CoalD.NuclearenergyE.Hydroelectricpower3.Thefollowingareexamplesofenvironmentallawsandregulations:A.CleanAirActB.CleanWaterActC.EndangeredSpeciesActD.ResourceConservationandRecoveryActE.KyotoProtocol4.Thefollowingareexamplesofenvironmentalorganizations:A.WorldWildlifeFund(WWF)B.WorldHealthOrganization(WHO)C.UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)D.InternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN)E.Greenpeace5.Thefollowingareexamplesofenvironmentalchallenges:A.ClimatechangeB.BiodiversitylossC.WaterscarcityD.EnergysecurityE.Pollution三、判断题（每题1分，共10分）1.Theterm"sustainabledevelopment"referstothedevelopmentthatmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.(True/False)2.TheCleanAirActof1970wasprimarilyaimedatreducingnoisepollution.(True/False)3.Theterm"ecosystemservices"referstothebenefitsthathuman-madesystemsprovidetohumans.(True/False)4.TheKyotoProtocolisaninternationalagreementthataimstopromoterenewableenergy.(True/False)5.Theterm"biodegradable"referstosubstancesthatcanbebrokendownbylivingorganisms.(True/False)6.Theterm"e-waste"referstoelectronicdevicesthatarebeingproduced.(True/False)7.Theterm"ecologicalfootprint"referstothetotalamountofresourcesusedbyanindividual,organization,orcountry.(True/False)8.Theterm"bioenergy"referstoenergythatisderivedfromfossilfuels.(True/False)9.Theterm"greenhousegas"referstogasesthatemitsolarradiation.(True/False)10.Theterm"climatechange"referstolong-termchangesinweatherpatterns.(True/False)四、名词解释（每题4分，共20分）1.Define"sustainabledevelopment."2.Define"ecosystemservices."3.Define"biodiversity."4.Define"climatechange."5.Define"greenchemistry."五、简答题（每题6分，共18分）1.Explainthedifferencebetweenrenewableandnon-renewableresources.2.Describethemaincausesofairpollution.3.Discusstheimport