高英3the-sad-young-man电子教案

Lesson5

TheSadYoungMen——Group3

梁以华17郭文静18张倩颖22吴莹23

史春燕24孙倩29尚志龙33

Outline:

Backgroundtheauthorstylisticfeatureandstructure;sumupparagraphAftertheworldwarI，theeageryoungmenhadreceivedagoodtasteoftwentieth-centurywarfare.Theycamebacktotheircountry.Tothem,itwasbittertoreturntoahometownvirtuallyuntouchedbytheconflict,wherecitizensstilltalkedwiththenaiveFourth-of-dulybombast.Itwasevenmorebittertofindthattheiroldjobshadbeentakenbythestay-at-homes,thatbusinesswassufferingarecessionthatpreventedtheopeningupofnewjobs,andthatveteranswereconsideredproblemchildrenandlessdesirablethannon-veteransforwhateverbusinessopportunitiesthatdidexist.Theycannotadoptthelifeathomeandhaddevelopedasuddenbewilderingworld-weariness,whichcannotbeunderstandbytheirrelatives.Theirenergieshadbeenwhippedupandtheirnaiveté（天真烂漫）

destroyedbythewarandnow,butthesocialenvironmentmakesthemangryandhateful.Somethinginthetension-riddenyouthofAmericahadto"give"and,afterashortperiodofbitterresentment,it"gave"intheformofacompleteoverthrowofgenteelstandardsofbehavior.SocialbackgroundTheSadYoungMen

&

TheLostGenerationTheyrefertothesamegroupofpeople.ThenamewasfirstcreatedandusedbyF.ScottFitzgerald

inhisbookAlltheSadYoungMenandsecondbyGertrudeStein.ThesenameswereappliedtothedisillusionedintellectualsandaesthetesoftheyearsfollowingtheWWI(1914-1918),whorebelledagainstformeridealsandvalues,butcouldreplacethemonlybydespairoracynicalhedonism(享乐主义).THELostGeneration

groupofexpatriate移居国外AmericanwritersresidingprimarilyinParisduringthe1920sand1930s.Thegroupneverformedacohesiveliterarymovement,butitconsistedofmanyinfluentialAmericanwriters,includingErnestHemingway,F.ScottFitzgerald,WilliamCarlosWilliams,ThorntonWilder,ArchibaldMacLeish,andHartCrane.TheLostGenerationThegroupwasgivenitsnamebytheAmericanwriterGertrudeStein,who,inaconversationwithHemingway,usedanexpressionshehadheardfromagaragemanager,unegénerationperdue(“alostgeneration”),torefertoexpatriateAmericansbitterabouttheirWorldWarI(1914-1918)experiencesanddisillusionedwithAmericansociety.Hemingwaylaterusedthephraseasanepigraph引语forhisnovelTheSunAlsoRises(1926).

AfterWWIIappearedTheBeatGenerationinUS.ItwasappliedtocertainAmericanartistsandwriterswhowerepopularduringthe1950s.Duringthe1960s“beat”ideasandattitudeswereabsorbedbyotherculturalmovements,andthosewhopracticedthe“beat”lifestylewerecalled“hippies”.ThetermBeatGenerationwasfirstusedbyKerouacinthelate1940s.Thewordbeathadvariousconnotationsforthewriters,includingdespairoverthebeatenstateoftheindividualinmasssocietyandbeliefinthebeatitude,orblessedness,ofthenaturalworldandintherestorativepowersofthebeatofjazzmusicandpoetry.TheBeatGenerationBeatwritinggenerallycalledforarenunciationofmaterialgoodsandacquisitivenessinfavorofarediscoveryoftheerotic（性欲的）,artistic,andspiritualselfthroughtheuseofdrugs,casualsex,music,andthemysticismofZen（禅宗）Buddhism.ThisgroupofAmericanwriterswritingexpressedprofounddissatisfactionwithcontemporary（当代的

）Americansocietyandendorsedanalternativesetofvalues.Thetermsometimesisusedtorefertothosewhoembracedtheideasofthesewriters.

TheBeatGeneration

TheAngryYoungMen

AtthistimethereappearedinEnglandagroupcalledTheAngryYoungMen.ThistermwasappliedtoagroupofEnglishwritersofthe1950swhoseheroessharedcertainrebelliousandcriticalattitudestowardssociety.

“LostGeneration"and"BeatGeneration",aretwowindowsthatshowtheworldofAmericansocietyatdifferentstages.Thuswecanbetterunderstandthesocialandideologicalconditions.Meanwhile,wecanhaveacompleteunderstandingoftheAmericansocietyandliterature.RepresentativeFiguresErnestHemingway海明威

WilliamFaulkner威廉·福克纳

ErnestHemingway

海明威(July21,1899—July2,1961)wasanAmericanwriterandjournalist.Hewaspartofthe1920sexpatriatecommunityinParis,andoneoftheveteransofWorldWarIlaterknownas"theLostGeneration."TheSunAlsoRisesTheSunAlsoRisesservestoepitomizethepost-warexpatriategeneration.However,Hemingwayhimselflaterwrotetohiseditor

MaxPerkins

thatthe"pointofthebook"wasnotsomuchaboutagenerationbeinglost,butthat"theearthabideforever";hebelievedthecharactersin

TheSunAlsoRises

mayhavebeen"battered"butwerenotlost14WilliamFaulkner

威廉·福克纳(September25,1897–July6,1962)wasaNobelPrize-winningAmericanauthor.Oneofthemostinfluentialwritersofthe20thcentury,hisreputationisbasedonhisnovels,novellasandshortstories.Hewasalsoapublishedpoetandanoccasionalscreenwriter.GreenwichVillageItisgenerallyknownasanimportantlandmarkonthemapofAmericanbohemian(波希米亚的)culture.Theneighborhoodisknownforitscolorful,artisticresidentsandthealternativeculturetheypropagate.WashingtonSquarePark,intheheartofGreenwichVillageGreenwichVillageGreenwichVillage

referredtoinNewYorkassimply

"theVillage",isalargelyresidentialneighborhoodonthewestsideof

LowerManhattan

in

NYC.It

wasknowninthelate19thtomid20thcenturiesasanartists'haven,thebohemian

capital,andtheEastCoastbirthplaceofthe

Beatmovement.

LeftBankthesouthernbankoftheriver

SeineinParis.Heretheriverflowsroughlywestward,cuttingthecityintwo:lookingdownstream,thesouthernbankistotheleft,andthenorthernbank(or

RiveDroite)istotheright.“LeftBank”or“RiveGauche”generallyreferstotheParisofanearlierera;theParisofartists,writersandphilosophers,including

PabloPicasso,

ErnestHemingway,

F.ScottFitzgeraldanddozensofothermembersofthegreatartisticcommunityat

Montparnasse.Thephraseimpliesasenseof

bohemianism（玩世不恭的作风）

andcreativity.FrancisScottFitzgerald

弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德GertrudeSteinGertrudeSteintraveledtheU.S.andEuropeasachild,andstudiedunderphilosopherWilliamJamesatRadcliffeCollege.ShemovedtoFrancein1904andfoundherselfinthecenterofacrowdofartiststhatincludedPabloPicasso,ErnestHemingwayandThorntonWilder.Shewasunknownasawriteruntilthe1933publicationofTheAutobiographyofAliceB.Toklas,namedafterhercompanionofmanyyears.21Steinwasknownforusingrepetitioninherwriting;heroften-quotedline"Roseisaroseisaroseisarose"isfromSacredEmily(1913).Bohemianism(波希米亚精神)Bohemianism

practiceofanunconventionallifestyleinthecompanyoflike-mindedpeople,withfewpermanentties,involvingmusical,artisticorliterarypursuits.Bohemianscanbewanderers,adventurers,or

vagabonds(流浪者).BohemianismInthe20thcentury

UnitedStates,thebohemianimpulsewasfamouslyseeninthe1940s

hipsters,the1950s

Beatgeneration

andthemuchmorewidespread1960sand‘70s

hippie（嬉皮士）

counterculture（反主流文化）.TheAuthorRodW.HortonandHerbertW.EdwardsRodW.Horton(1910—?)In1910,hewarborninWhitePlainsN.Y.1937–1945,instructorinNewYorkUniversity;1945–1949,assistantprofessor;1947–1957,associateprofessorofgeneralliterature.1957–1964,heworkedforUnitedStatesInformationService,inBrazilandPortugalasculturalaffairsofficerRodW.Horton(1910—？)From1964,hewasaprofessorofEnglishatTempleBuellCollege,Denver,Colorado.1954–1956,visitingprofessoratUniversityofBrazil,1961–1964,visitingprofessoratUniversityofCoimbraWorks

backgroundsofAmericanliteraryThought(in1952,withHerbertW.Edwards)backgroundsofEuropeanliterature(in1954,withVincentF.Hopper)HerbertW.Edwards

(1918—2010)In1918,hewasborninWolbach,Neb.HewasaWorldWarⅡNavyveteranandbelongedtotheMountMoriahLodge,297F.＆A.M.ofCalifornia.HiswifeDottieMaeandhisdaughterJanetprecededhimindeath.Heissurvivedbyhisbrother,HowardEdwardsofShell.HerbwaslaidtorestnexttohiswifeatParadiseMemorialGardensinScottsdale.Work

GleaningsBackgroundsofAmericanliteraryThought本书以时间为序,论述了理想主义、清教主义、启蒙运动、唯一理教与超验主义、扩张主义、进化论与实用主义、马克思主义、弗洛伊德主义、存在主义等对美国文学的影响。

Type

of

Writing

Thisessayisanexpositorywriting,explainingacertainperiodinAmericanliteraryandsocialhistory.ThethesisTheintellectualsoftheTwenties,the“sadyoungmen,”asF.ScottFitzgeraldcalledthemcursedtheirluckbutdidn’tdieescapedbutvoluntarilyreturnedflayedtheBabbittsbutlovedtheircountrygavethenationtheliveliest,freshest,moststimulatingwritinginitsliteraryexperienceStructuralorganizationPara.1:introducingthesubject:lifeintheTwentiesbydescribingpeople’sreactiontoitParas.2–9:supportinganddevelopingthethesis:byprovidingandanalyzinghistoricalmaterialconcerningtheRevoltoftheYoungerGenerationoftheTwentiesParas.10–11:bringingthediscussiontoanend:thesisstatedLanguagefeatures1.Americanismsinthisessay

--speakeasy--sheik--flask-toting--drugstorecowboy--flapper--Babbittry--soapopera--fast--boobery2.EffectiveWritingSkills1).Effectiveuseoftopicsentences2).Developinganewbutrelatedaspectofthethoughtstatedinthethesisineachparagraphorparagraphunit.3.RhetoricalDevices1).metaphortheywereexpectedtobattleforsuccess.(Theyhadtofightasinabattleinordertobecomesuccessful)

2).personification…..butsincethecountrywasblindanddeaftoeverythingsavetheglintandringofthedollar,…(Americacouldseeandhearnothingexcepttheshininggleamandtheringingsoundofthedollar)

SumUPTwoAmericanwritersexplainacertainperiodinAmericanliteraryandsocialhistory.ThisessayfocusesespeciallyontheattitudesandrevoltoftheyoungpeoplewhoreturnedfromWorldWarI(1914-1918),disappointedanddisillusioned.Inthisrevolt,theyoungintellectuals,writersandartists,stoodinthevanandwasthemostvocalgroup.Manyoftheseintellectualsoncelivedabroad,especiallyinParis,asexpatriates,butmostofthemlaterreturnedtotheUnitedStatesvoluntarily.Theseintellectualswerecalled“SadYoungMan”or“thelostgeneration”becausetheywerecriticalandrebellious.However,theywereneverlostbecausetheywerealsoverycreativeandproductiveandasthisessays:“gavethenationtheliveliest,freshest,moststimulatingwritinginitsliteraryexperience.”TherevoltoftheYoungerGenerationwasalogicaloutcomeofconditionsatthattime---theaftermathoftheWorldWarIandtherisingofAmerica.

Thetext

-----Paragraphone

NoaspectoflifeintheTwentieshasbeenmorecommenteduponandsensationallyromanticizedthantheso-calledRevoltoftheYoungerGeneration.

Paraphrase:TheRevoltoftheYoungGenerationinthe1920shasbeenmostcommenteduponandhasbeentreatedveryromanticallyandsensationally.

二十年代社会生活的各个方面中，被人们评论得最多、渲染得最厉害的，莫过于青年一代的叛逆之行了。

Languagepoints

1.sensationallyromanticized：

(Thisso‑calledproblem)wastreatedinapassionate,idealizedmannertoshockthrillandrousetheinterestofpeople.

memoriesofthedeliciouslyillicitthrillofthefirstvisittoaspeakeasy,ofthebravedenunciationofPuritanmorality,andofthefashionableexperimentationsinamourintheparkedsedanonacountryroad;Thesearethenostalgicrecollectionsofthemiddle-aged.

中年人会回忆起第一次光顾非法酒店时的那种既高兴又不安的违法犯罪的刺激感，回忆起对清教徒式的道德规范的勇猛抨击，回忆起停在乡间小路上的小轿车里颠鸾倒凤的时髦爱情试验方式；

Languagepoints1.illicit(adj.)：

notallowedbylaw,custom,rule,etc.;unlawful;prohibited违法的，违禁的，非法的2.thrill(n.)：

tremorofexcitement（一阵）

激动speakeasy(n.)：

(Americanism)aplacewherealcoholicdrinksaresoldillegally,esp.suchaplaceintheU.S.duringProhibition(theperiod1923‑33).（美国禁酒期的）

非法的酒店4.Prohibition：Theforbiddingbylawofthemanufacture,transportation,andsaleofalcoholicliquorsforbeveragepurposes;speciallyintheU.S.,theperiod(1920——1933)ofprohibitionbyFederalLaw.禁酒令

questionsaboutthenaughty,jazzyparties,theflask-toting"sheik,"andthemoralandstylisticvagariesofthe"flapper"andthe"drug-storecowboy."

青年人则会问起有关那时的一些纵情狂欢的爵士舞会，问起那成天背着酒葫芦、勾引得女人团团转的“美男子”，问起那些“时髦少女”和“闲荡牛仔”的奇装异服和古怪行为等等的情况。Languagepoints1.naughty(adj.)：mildlyindecent,improper,obscene不得体的；猥亵的flask-toting(adj.)：alwayscarryingasmallflaskfilledwithwhiskyorotherstrongliquor身带烈性酒的3.sheik(n.)：

(Americanism)amasterfulmantowhomwomenaresupposedtobeirresistiblyattracted

（能使女子倾心的）美男子4.vagary(n.)：

anodd,eccentric,orunexpectedactionorbitofconduct古怪行径；难以预测的行为5.moralandstylisticvagaries：oddandeccentricdressandconduct

6.flapper(n.)：(inthe1920’s)ayoungwomanconsideredboldandunconventionalinactionsanddress（在20世纪20年代被认为）举止与衣着不受传统拘束的年轻女子，轻佻女郎7.drugstorecowboy：

ayoungmanwhohangsarounddrugstoresandotherpublicplacestryingtoimpresswomen在杂货店和其他公共场所徘徊试图打动女人的年轻男人

"Were

young

people

really

so

wild?"

present-day

students

ask

their

parents

and

teachers.

"Was

there

really

a

Younger

Generation

problem?“

“那时的青年果真这样狂放不羁吗？”今天的青年学生们不禁好奇地向他们的师长问起这样的问题。“那时真的有过青年一代的问题吗？”

Theanswerstosuchinquiriesmustofnecessitybe"yes"and"no"--"Yes"becausethebusinessofgrowingupisalwaysaccompaniedbyaYoungerGenerationProblem;"no"becausewhatseemedsowild,irresponsible,andimmoralinsocialbehavioratthetimecannowbeseeninperspectiveasbeingsomethingconsiderablylesssensationalthanthedegenerationofourjazzmadyouth.

对这类问题的回答必然只能是既“对”又“不对”——说“对，是因为人的成长过程中一贯就存在着所谓青年一代的问题；说“不对”是因为在当时的社会看来似乎是那么狂野。那么不负责任，那么不讲道德的行为，若是用今天的正确眼光去看的话，却远远没有今天的一些迷恋爵士乐的狂荡青年的堕落行为那么耸人听闻。

Languagepoints1.ofnecessity必然地,不可避免地,不得己地2.mustofnecessity：

mustbecauseofnecessityseeinperspective/seesth.inperspective：

tovieworjudgethingsoreventsinawaythatshowtheirtruerelationstooneanother以联系的观点正确地看待或判断事物

degeneration：

moralcorruption,depravity堕落5.Jazzmad：

blindlyandfoolishlyfondofjazzmusic爵士乐狂Paragraphtwo

2.Actually,therevoltoftheyoungpeoplewasalogicaloutcomeofconditionsintheage:Firstofall,itmustberememberedthattherebellionwasnotconfinedtotheUnitedStates,butaffectedtheentireWesternworldasaresultoftheaftermathofthefirstseriouswarinacentury.

logicaloutcome:necessaryorexpectedresultActually...intheage:Actually,therevoltoftheyoungpeoplewasanecessaryandexpectedconsequenceoftheconditionsthatexistedinthisperiodofhistory.Second,intheUnitedStatesitwasreluctantlyrealizedbysome-subconsciouslyifnotopenly--thatourcountrywasnolongerisolatedineitherpoliticsortraditionandthatwehadreachedaninternationalstature

thatwouldforeverpreventusfromretreatingbehindtheartificialwallsofaprovincialmorality

orthegeographicalprotectionofourtwoborderingoceans.subconscious:occurringwithoutconsciousperception50borderingoceans

aftermath:aconsequence,esp.ofadisasterormisfortune

thefirstseriouswarinacentury:Thewriter,perhaps,isreferringtotheNapoleonicwarsthatendedinNapoleon’sdefeatatWaterloo(1815)asthelastseriouswarthattookplacealmostahundredyearsago.CF.WorldWarI:Awarfoughtfrom1914to1918.toreachinternationalstature:todevelopandgrowintoanationrespectedandesteemedbyallothernationsintheworldprovincial:narrow,limitedlikethatofruralprovinces狭窄的；偏狭的；地方性的.Herethewordmeansnarrowlikethatofasinglecountry---theUnitedStates.metaphor–andthatwehadreachedaninternationalstaturethatwouldforeverpreventusfromretreatingbehindtheartificialwallsofaprovincialmorality…(comparing“provincialmorality”to“artificialwalls”)Paragraphthree3

TherejectionofVictoriangentilitywas,inanycase,inevitable.

The

boomingofAmericanindustry,withitsgigantic,roaringfactories,itscorporateimpersonality,anditslarge-scaleaggressiveness,nolongerleftanyroomforthecodeofpolitebehaviorandwell-bredmoralityfashionedinaquieterandlesscompetitiveage.Warornowar,asthegenerationspassed,itbecameincreasinglydifficultforouryoungpeopletoacceptstandardsofbehaviorthatborenorelationshiptothebustlingbusinessmediuminwhichtheywereexpectedtobattleforsuccess.

ThewaractedmerelyasacatalyticagentinthisbreakdownoftheVictoriansocialstructure,andbyprecipitatingouryoungpeopleintoapatternofmassmurderitreleasedtheirinhibitedviolentenergieswhich,aftertheshootingwasover,wereturnedinbothEuropeandAmericatothedestructionofanobsolescent

nineteenth-centurysociety.

TherejectionofVictorian

gentilitywas,inanycase,inevitable.

Victorian:

showingthemiddle-classrespectability,prudery,bigotry,etc.generallyattributedtoVictorianEngland(thereignofQueenVictoria,1837-1901)gentility:

the

quality

of

being

genteel;

now,

esp.

excessie

or

affected

refinement

and

elegance

有教养，斯文，温文尔雅；Paraphrase:In

any

case,

America

could

not

avoid

castingaside

its

middle-class

respectability

and

affected

refine-ment.

在当时的美国，摒弃维多利亚式的温文尔雅无论如何都已经是无可避免的了。boom

v.:

to