Unit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldGrammarandUsage课件高中英语牛津译林版

Grammarandusage-V-edformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplementsUnit4

ScientistswhochangedtheworldStep1:Lead-inWatchavideotoreviewtheusagesofnon-infinitive(非谓语动词）Step1:Lead-inTheBestTimetoGrowEverymorning,youhaveanewchancetorebuildyourself.Don’tbeafraidtofacedifficultiesstandinginyourway.Challengeswaitingforyouarenotbarriers,butchancestoimprove.Facingheavypressureandtiringdailytasks,youmayfeeltiredandconfusedsometimes.Discouragedbytemporaryfailures,manypeoplechoosetogiveuphalfway.Yetthosedeterminedmindsneverstopmovingforward.状语定语Step1:Lead-inYoudon’tneedgreatpowertostartyourjourney.Allyouneedisaheartfullofhopeandcouragetokeepgoing.Workinghardtodaywilllightupyourfuture.Oncecompleted,youreffortswillneverfailyou.Believinginyourselfisthefirststeptosuccess.Don’tallowyourselftoregretthetimewastedinthepast.Keepmoving,andyouwillbecomeabetterpersondesiredbyyourself.Thefutureisbrightforeveryonestrivingfortheirdreams.Justkeeponwalking,andeverythingyouexpectwillcome.状语定语Greatdiscoveriescancomefromunlikelysources.Penicilliniswidelyconsideredtobeoneofthemostimportantmedicaldiscoveriesinhistory,butitwasnotwhatAlexanderFlemingwaslookingforwhenhefounditinSeptember1928.Fleming,ascientistfromScotland,returnedtohislaboratoryafteraholidayandfoundsomemouldononeofhisplatesofbacteria.Heobservedthatthebacteriasurroundingthemouldweredead.Surprisedbythis,Flemingperformedsometests.Theresultsindicatedthatsomethingproducedbythemouldhadkilledthebacteria.Hewasawarethatitcouldbeveryusefulfortreatingwounds.Formorethan10years,Fleminghadbeenresearchingpenicillinandtryingtomakeitintoaneffectivemedicine.Finally,hisworkcaughttheattentionofsomeotherscientistswhowereabletodoit.Sinceitsmassproductionbeganinthe1940s,penicillinhassavedmillionsoflives.OnemightthinkFlemingdiscoveredpenicillinbyaccident,butactuallythisisfarfromthetruth.Hewasintelligentandexperiencedenoughtonoticeitspotential,andhishardworkanddeterminationhelpedgetitsmassproductionstarted.AsLouisPasteursaid,“Fortunefavoursthepreparedmind.”Verb-edformsasattributivessomethingproducedbythemouldVerb-edformsasadverbialsVerb-edformsasobjectcomplementsthepreparedmindSurprisedbythisgetitsmassproductionstartedStep2:Exploretherules•Theverb-edformcanbeusedlikeanadjectiveoranadverb,indicatinga(n)(1)

________(active/passive)meaning.•Theverb-ed

formcanappearbeforeorafter

anounorpronoun.Itmodifiesthenounorpronounlikea(n)(2)

_____________

(relativeclause/adverbialclause).

•Theverb-edformcanbeusedasanadverbialoranobjectcomplement.passiverelativeclauseVerb-edformsasattributivessomethingproducedbythemouldVerb-edformsasadverbialsVerb-edformsasobjectcomplementsthepreparedmindSurprisedbythisgetitsmassproductionstarted1.Bornin1930,inNingbo,ZhejiangProvince,TustudiedmedicineatuniversityinBeijingbetween1951and1955.2.Inspiredbyanover1,600-year-oldtextaboutpreparingqinghaoextractwithcoldwater,Turedesignedtheexperimentsandtriedextractingtheherbatalowtemperatureinordernottodamageitseffectivepart.3.Evenwithlargeamountsofqinghaoextractproduced,however,theystillfacedanotherproblem.adverbialadverbialobjectcomplementStep3:ExploretheusagesThisisaletter

(write)inblueink.这是一封用蓝墨水写的信P1:Verb-edformsasattributiveswrittenP2:Verb-edformsasadverbials

(praise)inclass,Annefelthappy.在课堂上受到了表扬，安妮感到高兴。Praised被动+完成被动+完成P3:Verb-edformsasobjectcomplementsIheardthesong

(sing)inEnglish.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。sung

被动+完成Thebook______(write)byMoYanisverypopular.Theboy______(write)abookunderthetreeisourmonitor.Iamwaitinganxiouslyforanewbook______(write)byMoYannextyear.writtenwritingtobewrittenV-ed:被动+完成V-ing:主动+进行Todo:将要完成（主动/被动）Step4:ComparethedifferentusagesV–edusedastheAttributiveV–ingusedastheAttributiveTodousedastheAttributive1.________(protect)thewildanimals,manystudentstakepartinvolunteeractivities.2.________(protect)thewildanimalswell,thevolunteersgaingreatrespect.3.________(protect)fromdanger,thelittleanimalslivesafelyintheforest.ToprotectProtectingProtectedV–edusedastheAdverbialV–ingusedastheAdverbialTodousedastheAdverbial目的状语主动+进行被动+完成1.Theteachertoldthestudent________(clean)rightnow.2.Wesawthestudent________(clean)theclassroomatthatmoment.3.Wefoundtheclassroom________(clean)already.cleanedtocleancleaningV–edusedastheobjectcomplementsV–ingusedastheobjectcomplementsTodousedastheobjectcomplements将要完成主动+进行被动+完成1.Thehouses________

(build)inthetraditionalstyle

werepulleddown.2.Ihaveanimportantmeeting_________(attend)in

theafternoon.3.Theprofessorsatinthefrontofthehall,

___________

(prepare)forthelecture.4.The________

(injure)manwasrushedtohospital

atonce.5.Hisbrotherhadhisglasses________

(break)when

playingbasketball.builttoattendpreparinginjuredbrokenStep5:Consolidatetheusages6.Doyouknowthenumberofpeople________

(come)

totheparty?7.________

(leave)aloneinthelargehouse,thelittle

boyhadtolearntosurvivebyhimself.8.Thespeech,________

(give)bytheheadmasterlast

Sunday,leftadeepimpressiononme.9.Thebook,__________

(write)in1968,tellsthe

struggleoftheminers(矿工).10.________

(move)bywhatMr.Smithsaid,thegirl

madeuphermindtohelpthoseinneed.comingLeftgivenwrittenMovedHenryisreadinganarticleaboutFranklin'skiteexperiment.Completethearticlebelowwiththecorrectverb-edformsorverb-ingforms.BenjaminFranklinwasafamousscientist,writer,printer,inventorandpolitician.Asascientist,hewaswellknownforhiskiteexperiment.Thestorygoeslikethis:Franklinhadfoundlightning(1)__________(interest)foryears,believingit

wasactuallyelectricity.Hedesignedanexperimenttoprovehistheory.Heworkedoutthatbyflyingakiteduringathunderstorm,electricitycouldgothroughthewetkitelinedowntotheearth.(2)________(know)itwas

toodangeroustoholdthewetline,Franklinheldasilkribbon(3)____

(tie)totheendofit.P49B2interestingKnowingtiedobjectcomplementadverbialattributiveHemadesurethesilkribbonstayeddrysothattheelectricitywouldnotgothroughhisbody.Thenheattachedametalkeywheretheribbonandkitelinejoined.Whenathunderstormapproached,thelightningwouldchargethekey.(4)___________(conduct)onastormydayin1752,hisexperimentproved

lightningwasreallyjustelectricity.Franklinhadhistheory(5)_________(accept)bymanypeople.However,

somepeoplequestionedwhetherhehadactuallydonetheexperiment,(6)_________(argue)thatifhehadreallydoneit,hewouldhavereceiveda

deadlyelectricshock.Whateverthetruth,Franklindidmakecontributionstothestudiesofelectricity.ConductedacceptedarguingadverbialobjectcomplementadverbialRewritethefollowingsentencesusingverb-edformsasattributives,adverbialsorobjectcomplements.P49B11.Thescientistwhohasbeenhighlypraisedwonanaward.

__________________________________________________________2.Theexperimentthatismentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.

__________________________________________________________3.Thepatientssoonrecoveredbecausetheyweretreatedwiththe

newmedicine.

__________________________________________________________4.Thescientistfoundthattheequipmentinthelaboratoryhad

beendestroyed.

__________________________________________________________5.Oncethisreportisfinished,itwillbeveryusefulforfutureresearch.__________________________________________________________Thehighlypraisedscientistwonanaward.Theexperimentmentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.Treatedwiththenewmedicine,thepatientssoonrecovered.Thescientistfound