Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionReadingandThinking语言知识点课件高中英语人教版选择性

○选择性必修三○Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionReadingandThinkingLanguagePointsObjectivesObjectivesObjectives现在完成时的时间标志词O1含doubt的句式O2alongwith就远原则O3定语从句（先行词all）O4appear/seemtohavedoneO5V-ing作结果状语O6虚拟条件状语从句O7数量修饰语O8Wehaveknownaboutclimatechange

fordecades.ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer(seethegraph).Awarmingoceanandatmospherealongwith

meltingiceandrisingsealevelsprovideevidenceofadramaticchangeintheglobalclimate.

我们几十年前就知道气候变化了。毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越暖和（见图表）。海洋变暖和大气变暖以及冰川融化和海平面上升是全球气候的急剧变化的证据。几十年气候变化Thereislittledoubtthat...毫无疑问...，that引导同位语从句比较级+比较级越来越...与…一起V-ing作定语V-ing作定语v.（使）熔化，融化n.

证据，证明adj.

巨大而突然的，急剧的Para.1Para.11.现在完成时have/hasdone时间标志词：1.for+一段时间

2.since+过去时间/过去式句子3.in/over/duringthepast/last/recentyears

在过去的/最近的几年里4.recently,already,yet/never,ever...5.sofar,uptonow....1.I_____________(study)Englishfor9years.2.I______________(study)EnglishsinceIwasinGrade3.3.MyEnglish___________________(improve)intherecentweeks.havestudiedhavestudiedhasbeenimprovedPara.12.Thereislittledoubtthat

Earthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Thereislittledoubtthat...

几乎没有疑问的是……Thereisno

doubtthat...毫无疑问的是……Thereissome

doubt

whether...

是否…是有疑问的Sbhas/haveno

doubtthat...某人对……毫无疑问Idon't/never

doubtthat...我确信……Idoubtwhether/if...我怀疑……that引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容注意：doubt前有否定意义的词修饰时，其后的同位语从句由that引导；doubt前有肯定意义的词修饰时，其后的同位语从句由whether或if引导。①Thereissomedoubt________Icaninspirehimtostudyhardtoachievehisgoal.②[2021·浙江高考读后续写]Idoubted__________myparentswouldagreethatIhadtherighttomanagemyearnings.[写美]——一句多译[2020·全国Ⅱ卷书面表达]毫无疑问，用自己的双手劳动而不是依靠别人是非常有意义的。③Thereisnodoubtthatitisverymeaningfultoworkwithourownhandsratherthandependonothers.(doubtn．)④毫无疑问，当你筋疲力尽时，一杯茶可以使你精力充沛。Thereisnodoubtthatacupofteacanmakeyoudynamicwhenyouarewornout.whetherwhether/if=Wedon'tdoubtthat毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他用英语与外国人交流的能力。毫无疑问，约翰的敏捷思维和急救技能挽救了玛丽的生命。毫无疑问这个人很难相处，因为他是如此顽固的一个人。Thereisnodoubtthat

thiscandidate'sadvantageliesinhisabilitytocommunicatewithforeignersinEnglish.Thereislittledoubtthat

John'squickthinkingandthefirstaidskillssavedMary'slife.Thereisnodoubtthat

themanisn'teasytogetalongwithbecauseheissuchastubbornman.3.Awarmingoceanandatmospherealongwithmeltingiceandrisingsealevelsprovideevidenceofadramaticchangeintheglobalclimate.(P26)句式分析alongwith

连接前后两个主语时，谓语动词应和________那个主语保持一致，即“就远原则”。前面的海洋和大气变暖，以及冰层融化、海平面上升，都为全球气候急剧变化提供了依据。Jim,alongwithhisclassmates,hasseenthefilm.就远原则1个“还有”aswellas2个“侏儒”suchaslike3个“赞”ratherthanmorethannolessthan“和”4个（笨蛋）“除了”5个（坏蛋）alongwithwithtogetherwithcombinedwithbutexceptbesidesinadditiontoapartfrom1.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_________(offer)tothenationasagift.2.Allbutone_____(be)herejustnow.(一个除外)3.WeChat,aswellasDingTalk,__________(play)animportantpartindailycommunicationnowadays.4.Thewoman,alongwithtwochildren,

(come)hereeverydayisofferedwereisplayingcomesIn2013,alotofpeoplewereshockedbyanewsphotoofadeadpolarbearthatwasfoundonNorway’sArcticislandofSvalbard.Accordingtothescientistswhofounditsdeadbody,allthatremainedofthepolarbearwas“skinandbones”.Anexpertwhohasstudiedpolarbearsformanyyearssaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.2013年，一张在挪威北极地区的斯瓦尔巴群岛上发现了一只北极熊尸体的新闻照片让很多人震惊。根据发现这只北极熊尸体的科学家的说法，这只北极熊只剩下“皮包骨头”了。一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从它尸体的位置看，这只熊似乎是饿死的。被...震惊that引导定语从句，作主语，修饰bear挪威北极地区的斯瓦尔巴群岛who引导定语从句，作主语，修饰scientists根据皮包骨that引导定语从句，作主语，修饰all似乎who引导定语从句，作主语，修饰anexpertthat引导宾语从句n.

位置，方位v.

（使）挨饿，饿死appeartohavedonesth.好像做完了某事v.

（使）挨饿，饿死Para.2Para.2Expertsclaimedthatlowsea-icelevelscausedbyclimatechange

meantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore,soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.ThisalarmingcaseshowedhowtheincreaseintemperaturehadanimpactonEarth’secology.that引导宾语从句V-ed作后置定语宾语从句，省略that如以前目的状语inordertodo为了...v.

意味着专家称，由于气候变化造成的海冰水位较低，这只熊无法像以前那样捕猎海豹，所以他为了找到食物不得不去更远的地方。这一令人震惊的案例表明气温升高对地球生态产生了怎样的影响。对……有影响how引导宾语从句4.Accordingtothescientists

whofounditsdeadbody,all

thatremainedofthepolarbearwas“skinandbones”.that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词all,只能用that，不能用which只用that引导定语从句的情况（1）定语从句修饰的词即先行词前面有形容词最高级时（2）先行词被thevery/theonly/thesame/thelast等修饰时Sheistheonlygirlwhohasgotaprize.（3）先行词正好是anything/everything/nothing/few/all/none/little/some等词时或被这些词修饰时。

Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.（4）先行词既有人，也有物时5.Anexpert

whohasstudiedpolarbearsformanyyearssaidthatfromthepositionofitsbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.appear/seem是系动词,appear/seemtodo好像，似乎……appearedtohavestarvedanddied,是appear/seemtohavedone结构，表示starve这个动作发生在appear之前，是todo的完成形式。①Theyappear

todoeverythinginarush,withaneyeontheclock,asiftheyhadashorttimetolive.②It

appears

tohaverainedlastweek.他们似乎做任何事情都很匆忙，眼睛紧盯着时钟，好像他们的生命很短暂。上周好像下过雨。Para.3Thenwhatiscausingtheincreasein

theglobalaveragesurfacetemperature?Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocesscalledthe“greenhouseeffect”,whichhastwocommonmeanings:the“natural”greenhouseeffectandthe“man-made”greenhouseeffect.The“natural”greenhouseeffectreferstothefactthatheatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth’ssurfaceasshort-waveradiation.Theheatisreleasedbackintospaceatlongerwavelengths.那么是什么正在导致全球表面平均温度的上升呢？气候科学家经常提到一个被称为“温室效应”的关键气候过程，它有两个普遍的含义：“自然”温室效应和“人为”温室效应。“自然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量进入大气层，并以短波辐射的形式使地球表面升温。热量以更长的波长释放回太空。在某方面增加全球表面平均温度v.

提到，谈到V-ed作后置定语which引导定语从句，作主语，修饰greenhouseeffect温室效应指的是，提及that引导同位语从句v.（使）温暖，（使）变暖和短波辐射vt.

&

n.排放；释放；发布Para.3Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere,suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide,trapsomeoftheheat,keepingEarth’sclimatewarmandhabitable.Withoutthisprocess,Earthcouldnotsustainlife.However,the“man-made”greenhouseeffecthasnowbecomeabigproblem.Whenpeopleproducehugeamountsofextragreenhousegasesbyburningfossilfuels,moreheatenergyistrappedin

theatmosphereandcausesEarth’ssurfacetemperaturetorisequickly.大气中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，会吸收一些热量，使地球气候保持温暖和适宜居住。没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。然而，“人为”温室效应现在已经成为一个大问题。当人们通过燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热量被困在大气中，导致地球表面温度迅速上升。v.聚集（空气、气体或能量等），把...困在V-ing作结果状语adj.适合居住的v.维持，遭受，承受住虚拟语气：withoutthisprocess=iftherewerenolessprocess大量的by+doing方式状语cause...to导致...被困在...燃烧化石燃料when引导时间状语从句6.Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere,suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide,trapsomeoftheheat,keepingEarth’sclimatewarmandhabitable.v-ing短语，作结果状语，表示状态动词的-ing形式作状语，应注意以下几点：(1)语法含义：表示意料之中的、自然而然的结果，有时可在其前加thus以示强调。(2)逻辑主语：句子的主语或前面的整个句子。当动词的-ing形式作结果状语且其逻辑主语为前面的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。(3)时态特征：当动词的-ing形式作结果状语时，其表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，因此用一般式。(4)语态特征：逻辑主语与构成动词的-ing形式的动词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。(5)句中位置：通常位于句末，且常用逗号与前面的句子成分隔开。(6)同义表达：一般可转化为sothat引导的结果状语从句。Heisalwaysworryingabouttrifles,ignoringhismainobjectives.他总是操心琐事，结果忽视了他的主要目标。单句语法填空(1)Theoldmanstoodagainstthedoorand________(smoke).(2)Theoldmanstoodagainstthedoor,________(smoke).(3)Motherwentoutinahurryand______(leave)thepuppysleepinginthehouse.(4)Motherwentoutinahurry,________(leave)thepuppysleepinginthehouse.smokedsmokingleftleaving7.Withoutthisprocess,Earthcouldnotsustainlife.本句中的“Withoutthisprocess”是一个表示否定意义的介词短语，相当于一个虚拟条件状语从句----Iftherewerenothisprocess，主句为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。这个介词短语可放在句首，也可放在句末。(1)在虚拟结构中，如果表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设，句子谓语用“would/should/could/might＋do”；如果表示与过去事实相反的假设，则句子谓语用“would/should/could/might＋havedone”。(2)虚拟条件句还可以用butfor,otherwise,or,but等词来引导。

Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldnothave

beenabletofinishtheprojectontime.没有你的帮助，我就不能按时完成这个项目。Withoutair,noonecouldlive.没有空气，人就不能活。单句语法填空(1)________hissupport,wewouldn’tbewhatwearenow.(2)But________thecaptain,theshipwouldhavesunkwithallonboard.(3)Iwouldnothavebeenlateforclass________theterribletrafficaccident.完成句子(4)Thefatherhadpatientlyguidedthetwins.________________________________________________________________________．父亲耐心地指导了这对双胞胎。否则，他们就不会做出如此美味的早餐了。WithoutforwithoutOtherwise/Ortheywouldn’thavecookedsuchadeliciousbreakfast8.Whenpeopleproducehugeamountsof

extragreenhousegasesbyburningfossilfuels,moreheatenergyistrappedintheatmosphereandcausesEarth’ssurfacetemperaturetorisequickly.(1)amountsof后接不可数名词时，相当于ahuge/largeamountof大量的。(2)ahuge/largeamountof修饰不可数名词。(3)“ahuge/largeamountof＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。(4)“huge/largeamountsof＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。(5)常见数量修饰语分类：①修饰可数名词复数：many,agood/greatmany,agood/largenumberof；②修饰不可数名词：much，agood/greatdealof，alargeamountof，largeamountsof；③既可修饰可数名词复数，又可修饰不可数名词：alotof,lotsof,aquantityof,quantitiesof,plentyof。

单句语法填空(1)Nowagreatmanycollegegraduates________(be)seekingahigh-paidjob.Butalargenumberofthem________(be)oftennotabletofindasuitablepost.(2)Anumberofhouses________(be)burntdowninthefire.(3)Agreatdealofmoney______________(donate)toauniversitybyanordinaryworker,whicharousedpublicattention.(4)Largequantitiesofwater_______________(pipe)tothedryareasincelastyear.arearewerewasdonatedhavebeenpipedPara.4Thereisstrongandcomprehensiveevidence

thattheriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide,notonlycausingseriousdamage,butalsocostinghumanlives.Climatescientistshavewarnedthat

ifwedonottakeappropriateactions,thiswarmingtrendwillprobablycontinueandtherewillbeahigherpricetopay.Infact,newsreportsarefrequentlybroadcastaboutextremerainstormsandheatwavescausingdeathsandeconomiclosses.有力且全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加，不仅造成严重的破坏，而且还致人丧命。气候科学家警告说，如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会继续下去，并将使我们付出更高的代价。事实上，新闻报道经常播送造成死亡和经济损失的极端暴雨和热浪。adj.全部的，所有的，详尽的Thereisevidencethat...有证据表明that引导同位语从句导致V-ing作结果状语notonly...butalso…不但...而且...采取适当的行动/措施that引导宾语从句if引导条件状语从句n.趋势,趋向todo作后置定语v.

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