高考英语复习语境13对社会有突出贡献的人物课件（共42张）

语境13对社会有突出贡献的人物语境13对社会有突出贡献的人物Ⅰ.阅读理解ADr

Elsa

Olivetti

has

always

been

interested

in

how

materials

science

can

change

the

way

we

store

energy.

When

she

started

her

work

at

MIT，

she

was

excited

about

discovering

the

secrets

of

sustainable

battery

production.

During

her

research，

her

main

focus

was

on

a

special

kind

of

battery，

called

solid－state

batteries，

and

a

material

named

LLZO.

She

discovered

a

big

challenge：

finding

and

getting

a

special

material

called

tantalum，

which

is

not

easy

to

find

but

necessary

for

the

production

of

LLZO.

This

inspired

her

to

look

at

the

whole

process

of

making

batteries

beyond

the

laboratory，

from

getting

the

materials

to

producing

the

final

product.Dr

Olivetti

and

her

team

looked

into

how

these

materials

are

mined，

processed，

and

turned

into

batteries.

They

found

that

if

we

want

to

use

more

electric

cars

in

the

future，

we

need

to

get

much

better

at

producing

and

delivering

materials

like

tantalum.

Then，

Dr

Olivetti

aims

to

figure

out

a

creative

solution

to

the

challenge.

She

worked

with

industry

leaders

to

develop

sustainable

mining

practices

and

called

on

policy

changes

to

support

a

better

supply

chain，

which

proves

effective.Dr

Olivetti

stresses

that

her

work

is

not

meant

to

replace

traditional

methods.

Instead，

it’s

meant

to

help

make

the

battery

production

better

by

looking

broadly

at

the

things

that

could

make

energy

storage

efficient.

Looking

ahead，

Dr

Olivetti

remains

committed

to

improving

sustainable

energy

storage.

She

wants

to

make

the

production

process

less

wasteful

and

more

cost－effective，

creating

a

future

where

energy

storage

is

not

only

good

but

also

kind

to

our

planet.Reflecting

on

her

work，

Dr

Olivetti

often

says

that

what

she

does

is

more

than

just

science.

“Each

step

we

take

towards

more

efficient

and

environmentally－friendly

battery

technology

is

a

step

towards

a

better

world，”

stressing

the

importance

of

curiosity

and

perseverance

in

the

pursuit

of

scientific

exploration.

【文章大意】

本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Elsa

Olivetti博士为更好的可持续电池生产所做的努力。1.

What

was

Dr

Olivetti’s

interest

in

her

work

at

MIT？A.Making

electric

cars

cheaper.B.Making

batteries

more

sustainable.C.Figuring

out

ways

to

mine

materials.D.Dealing

with

challenges

of

production.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When

she

started

her

work

at

MIT，

she

was

excited

about

discovering

the

secrets

of

sustainable

battery

production.(当她开始在麻省理工学院工作时，她对发现可持续电池生产的秘密感到兴奋。)”可知，Olivetti博士对使电池更具可持续性感兴趣。故选B项。2.

Why

is

tantalum

important

in

Dr

Olivetti’s

research？A.It

reduces

production

costs.B.It

helps

sustainable

mining.C.It

is

a

common

battery

material.D.It

is

important

for

LLZO

production.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She

discovered

a

big

challenge：

finding

and

getting

a

special

material

called

tantalum，

which

is

not

easy

to

find

but

necessary

for

the

production

of

LLZO.

(她发现了一个巨大的挑战：找到并获得一种叫做钽的特殊材料，这种材料不容易找到，但却是生产LLZO所必需的。)”可知，钽对LLZO的生产很重要。故选D项。3.

How

did

Dr

Olivetti

deal

with

the

challenges

in

battery

production？A.She

focused

on

lab

experiments.B.She

worked

with

industry

leaders.C.She

developed

a

new

type

of

electric

car.D.She

replaced

old

methods

with

modern

ones.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Then，

Dr

Olivetti

aims

to

figure

out

a

creative

solution

to

the

challenge.

She

worked

with

industry

leaders

to

develop

sustainable

mining

practices

and

called

on

policy

changes

to

support

a

better

supply

chain，

which

proves

effective.(然后，奥利维蒂博士的目标是找出一个创造性的解决方案来应对这一挑战。她与行业领袖合作，制定可持续的采矿实践，并呼吁改变政策，以支持更好的供应链，这被证明是有效的。)”可知，Olivetti博士在应对电池生产中的挑战时，和行业领袖一起工作。故选B项。答案：B4.

What

is

the

passage

mainly

about？A.The

science

of

battery.B.The

future

of

electric

cars.C.The

importance

of

tantalum.D.The

work

on

better

batteries.解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，根据最后一段中的“Each

step

we

take

towards

more

efficient

and

environmentally－friendly

battery

technology

is

a

step

towards

a

better

world(我们朝着更高效、更环保的电池技术迈出的每一步，都是朝着更美好的世界迈出的一步)”可知，本文主要讲述了Elsa

Olivetti博士为更好的可持续电池生产所做的努力，所以本文的中心思想是研究更好的电池。故选D项。答案：DBKatalin

Karikó

along

with

her

colleague

Drew

Weissman

won

the

Nobel

Prize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

in

2023

for

the

development

of

mRNA

technology.Karikó

was

born

in

January

1955，

in

a

small

village

in

Hungary.

She

had

an

ambition

from

early

on

to

become

a

scientist.

As

a

young

adult，

she

became

interested

in

messenger

RNA，

which

carries

DNA

instructions

to

the

protein－making

engine

of

cells.

She

hoped

that

mRNA

could

play

a

key

role

in

the

treatment

of

various

diseases.

It

became

her

mission

to

make

her

dream

a

reality

to

help

cure

patients.

However，

Karikó

faced

a

shortage

of

funding

for

her

research

in

her

country，

and

she

then

faced

the

choice

of

stopping

and

doing

something

not

connected

to

her

mission

or

continuing

her

research

at

the

price

of

having

to

leave

her

country.After

searching

for

posts

and

scholarships

worldwide，

Karikó

accepted

an

offer

from

Temple

University

in

Philadelphia

for

a

postdoctoral

fellowship.

Karikó

and

her

husband

gave

up

everything

they

had

in

their

homeland

and

bought

a

one－way

ticket

to

the

US，

where

they

knew

no

one.She

was

initially

on

track

to

become

a

full

professor

but

received

repeated

fund

rejections.

Undeterred

by

the

problems

and

challenges，

she

chose

to

continue

her

research.

By

focusing

on

what

mattered

to

her

every

day，

she

“accidentally”

met

her

work

partner

Drew

Weissman

who

was

also

interested

in

mRNA.

They

teamed

up

to

work

on

mRNA

and

published

papers

about

their

groundbreaking

discovery

for

years.

Then

the

pandemic

hit

the

world.

The

changed

mRNA

technology

Karikó

and

Weissman

invented

was

then

used

in

vaccines(疫苗)

that

prevented

the

infection

effectively.Karikó’s

life

is

a

testament(证明)

to

finding

one’s

passion

and

then

pursuing

it

every

single

day.

Many

of

us

know

what

we

are

fond

of，

but

we

are

not

good

self－motivators

on

a

daily

basis.

【文章大意】

本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了科学家Katalin

Karikó的个人经历以及她对梦想不懈追求，最终取得成功。5.

What

can

we

learn

about

Karikó

from

Paragraph

2？A.She

had

a

tolerant

mind.B.She

longed

to

be

a

doctor.C.She

was

fond

of

world

tours.D.She

had

a

clear

sense

of

purpose.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She

had

an

ambition

from

early

on

to

become

a

scientist.

As

a

young

adult，

she

became

interested

in

messenger

RNA，

which

carries

DNA

instructions

to

the

protein－making

engine

of

cells.

She

hoped

that

mRNA

could

play

a

key

role

in

the

treatment

of

various

diseases.

It

became

her

mission

to

make

her

dream

a

reality

to

help

cure

patients.(她从小就立志要成为一名科学家。作为一个年轻的成年人，她开始对信使RNA感兴趣，它携带DNA指令到细胞的蛋白质制造引擎。她希望mRNA能够在各种疾病的治疗中发挥关键作用。帮助治愈病人成为了她的使命。)”可知，Karikó有明确的目标感。故选D。答案：D6.

What

does

the

underlined

part

“Undeterred

by”

in

Paragraph

4

probably

mean？A.Not

discouraged

by.B.Being

unaware

of.C.Not

motivated

by.D.Being

ashamed

of.解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“She

was

initially

on

track

to

become

a

full

professor

but

received

repeated

fund

rejections.(她最初有望成为一名正教授，但一再遭到专项资金拒绝。)”以及后文“the

problems

and

challenges，

she

chose

to

continue

her

research”可知，她一再被专项资金拒绝，但是没有因为遇到的问题和挑战而气馁，而是选择继续她的研究。故画线词的意思是“不气馁”。故选A。答案：A7.

What

is

probably

the

main

contribution

of

Karikó？A.Simplifying

the

mRNA

technology.B.Making

the

structure

of

mRNA

clear.C.Developing

a

vaccine

for

a

serious

disease.D.Laying

the

groundwork

for

mRNA

vaccines.解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They

teamed

up

to

work

on

mRNA

and

published

papers

about

their

groundbreaking

discovery

for

years.

Then

the

pandemic

hit

the

world.

The

changed

mRNA

technology

Karikó

and

Weissman

invented

was

then

used

in

vaccines(疫苗)

that

prevented

the

infection

effectively.(他们合作研究mRNA，并发表了多年来关于他们突破性发现的论文。然后疫情席卷全球。Karikó和Weissman发明的mRNA技术发生了变化，然后用于疫苗，有效地预防了感染。)”可知，Karikó的主要贡献是为mRNA疫苗奠定基础。故选D。答案：D8.

What

lesson

can

we

learn

from

Karikó’s

success？A.Nothing

seek，

nothing

find.B.Two

heads

are

better

than

one.C.Where

there’s

a

will，

there’s

a

way.D.Necessity

is

the

mother

of

invention.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Karikó’s

life

is

a

testament(证明)

to

finding

one’s

passion

and

then

pursuing

it

every

single

day.

Many

of

us

know

what

we

are

fond

of，

but

we

are

not

good

self－motivators

on

a

daily

basis.(Karikó的一生证明了找到自己为之热爱的事业，然后每一天都在追求它。我们中的许多人都知道自己喜欢什么，但在日常生活中，我们并不善于自我激励。)”可知，Karikó的成功告诉我们有志者事竟成。故选C。答案：CCRosalind

Franklin，

one

of

the

most

outstanding

female

scientists

of

the

20th

century，

was

a

remarkable

British

chemist

and

X－ray

crystallographer(晶体学家).

She

made

a

great

contribution

to

the

discovery

of

the

structure

of

DNA，

which

led

to

a

revolution

in

modern

biology

and

genetics(遗传学).Born

in

London

in

1920，

Rosalind

grew

up

in

a

family

of

scientists

and

mathematicians.

She

received

her

undergraduate

degree

in

physical

chemistry

from

the

University

of

Cambridge

and

pursued

her

postgraduate

degree

in

physical

chemistry

at

King’s

College

London.

It

was

during

this

time

that

she

developed

a

keen

interest

in

DNA

structure，

which

she

explored

through

X－ray

crystallography.Rosalind’s

contribution

to

the

discovery

of

DNA

structure

was

very

important.

Working

alongside

other

scientists

at

the

Medical

Research

Council

in

Cambridge，

she

used

her

skills

in

X－ray

crystallography

to

produce

high－resolution

images

of

DNA

molecules.

Her

images

helped

reveal

the

crucial

helical(螺旋)

structure

of

DNA，

which

was

groundbreaking

in

the

field

of

genetics.Despite

her

achievements，

Rosalind’s

role

in

the

discovery

of

DNA

structure

was

not

always

acknowledged.

She

faced

discrimination

and

sexism

within

the

scientific

community

and

was

often

overlooked

for

credit

and

recognition

for

her

work.James

Watson

and

Francis

Crick

announced

the

discovery

of

the

double

helix

structure

of

DNA

in

1953，

which

they

attributed

to

Rosalind

and

another

scientist，

Maurice

Wilkins.

However，

it

wasn’t

until

years

later

that

Rosalind’s

contribution

was

fully

recognized.Rosalind’s

legacy

continues

to

inspire

scientists

and

researchers

worldwide

today.

Her

story

serves

as

a

reminder

of

the

importance

of

determination，

hard

work，

and

a

willingness

to

take

risks

in

pursuit

of

scientific

advancement.

Despite

the

challenges

she

faced，

Rosalind

persevered

and

made

a

significant

impact

in

the

field

of

chemistry.

Her

contributions

to

the

scientific

community

will

always

be

remembered，

and

she

will

remain

an

inspiration

to

generations

of

future

scientists.【文章大意】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了罗莎琳德·富兰克林的突出贡献和对人们的启迪。9.

What

can

we

know

about

Rosalind’s

upbringing

from

the

first

two

paragraphs？A.She

had

a

strong

interest

in

science.B.She

came

from

an

extremely

rich

family.C.She

was

born

in

King’s

College

London.D.She

got

her

postgraduate

degree

in

Cambridge.解析：推理判断题。由文章第一段“Rosalind

Franklin，

one

of

the

most

outstanding

female

scientists

of

the

20th

century，

was

a

remarkable

British

chemist

and

X－ray

crystallographer(晶体学家).

She

made

a

great

contribution

to

the

discovery

of

the

structure

of

DNA，

which

led

to

a

revolution

in

modern

biology

and

genetics(遗传学).(罗莎琳德·富兰克林是20世纪最杰出的女科学家之一，她是一位杰出的英国化学家和X射线晶体学家。她对DNA结构的发现作出了巨大贡献，这导致了现代生物学和遗传学的革命。)”和第二段“Born

in

London

in

1920，

Rosalind

grew

up

in

a

family

of

scientists

and

mathematicians.

She

received

her

undergraduate

degree

in

physical

chemistry

from

the

University

of

Cambridge

and

pursued

her

postgraduate

degree

in

physical

chemistry

at

King’s

College

London.

It

was

during

this

time

that

she

developed

a

keen

interest

in

DNA

structure，

which

she

explored

through

X－ray

crystallography.(罗莎琳德1920年出生于伦敦，成长于一个科学家和数学家的家庭。她在剑桥大学获得物理化学学士学位，并在伦敦国王学院攻读物理化学硕士学位。正是在这段时间里，她对DNA结构产生了浓厚的兴趣，并通过X射线晶体学进行了探索。)”可推知，罗莎琳德对科学有浓厚的兴趣。故选A。答案：A10.

What

was

Rosalind

Franklin’s

contribution

to

the

discovery

of

DNA

structure？A.Discovering

the

double

helix

structure.B.Conducting

X－ray

crystallography

analysis.C.Overcoming

the

discrimination

and

sexism.D.Pursuing

a

postgraduate

degree

in

chemistry.解析：细节理解题。由文章第三段“Rosalind’s

contribution

to

the

discovery

of

DNA

structure

was

very

important.

Working

alongside

other

scientists

at

the

Medical

Research

Council

in

Cambridge，

she

used

her

skills

in

X－ray

crystallography

to

produce

high－resolution

images

of

DNA

molecules.

Her

images

helped

reveal

the

crucial

helical(螺旋)

structure

of

DNA，

which

was

groundbreaking

in

the

field

of

genetics.(罗莎琳德对发现DNA结构的贡献是非常重要的。她与剑桥医学研究委员会的其他科学家一起工作，利用她在X射线晶体学方面的技能制作了DNA分子的高分辨率图像。她的图像帮助揭示了DNA的关键螺旋结构，这在遗传学领域是开创性的。)”可推知，罗莎琳德·富兰克林进行X射线晶体学分析，有助于对DNA结构的发现。故选B。答案：B11.

What

does

the

underlined

word

“discrimination”

in

Paragraph

4

mean？A.Praise.B.Support.C.Neglect.D.Prejudice.答案：D解析：词义猜测题。由文章第四段中的“Despite

her

achievements，

Rosalind’s

role

in

the

discovery

of

DNA

structure

was

not

always

acknowledged.(尽管她取得了成就，但罗莎琳德在发现DNA结构方面的作用并没有得到承认。)”和“sexism(性别歧视)”可知，她在科学界面临歧视和性别歧视，画线词的意思为“歧视，偏见”。A.Praise赞美；B.Support支持；C.Neglect忽视；D.Prejudice偏见。故选D。12.

What

does

Rosalind

Franklin’s

story

tell

us？A.The

value

of

determination，

hard

work，

and

risk－taking.B.The

importance

of

DNA

structure

in

biology

and

genetics.C.The

challenges

faced

by

female

scientists

in

the

20th

century.D.The

significance

of

X－ray

crystallography

in

scientific

research.解析：推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Rosalind’s

legacy

continues

to

inspire

scientists

and

researchers

worldwide

today.

Her

story

serves

as

a

reminder

of

the

importance

of

determination，

hard

work，

and

a

willingness

to

take

risks

in

pursuit

of

scientific

advancement.

Despite

the

challenges

she

faced，

Rosalind

persevered

and

made

a

significant

impact

in

the

field

of

chemistry.

Her

contributions

to

the

scientific

community

will

always

be

remembered，

and

she

will

remain

an

inspiration

to

generations

of

future

scientists.(罗莎琳德的遗产今天继续激励着全世界的科学家和研究人员。她的故事提醒我们，在追求科学进步的过程中，决心、努力工作和愿意冒险的重要性。尽管面临挑战，罗莎琳德坚持不懈，并在化学领域产生了重大影响。她对科学界的贡献将永远被铭记，她将继续激励未来几代科学家。)”可推知，罗莎琳德·富兰克林的故事告诉我们决心、努力工作和冒险的价值。故选A。答案：AⅡ.七选五Real

policemen

hardly

recognize

any

resemblance

between

their

lives

and

what

they

see

on

TV.

1

He

has

to

know

exactly

what

actions

are

crimes

and

what

evidence

can

be

used

to

prove

them

in

court.He

has

to

know

nearly

as

much

law

as

a

professional

lawyer，and

what

is

more，he

has

to

apply

it

on

his

feet，in

the

dark

and

rain，running

down

a

street

after

someone

he

wants

to

talk

to.

2

He

will

spend

most

of

his

working

life

typing

millions

of

words

on

thousands

of

forms

about

hundreds

of

sad，unimportant

people

who

are

guilty

of

stupid

crimes.Most

television

crime

drama

is

about

finding

the

criminal：as

soon

as

he’s

arrested，the

story

is

over.

3

Except

in

very

serious

cases

like

murders

and

terrorist

attacks，

little

effort

is

spent

on

searching.A

third

big

difference

between

the

drama

detective

and

the

real

one

is

the

unpleasant

pressures：

First，

as

members

of

a

police

force，

they

always

have

to

behave

absolutely

in

accordance

with

the

law.

4

They

can

hardly

ever

do

both.Most

of

the

time

some

of

them

have

to

break

the

rules

in

small

ways.If

the

detective

has

to

deceive

the

world，the

world

often

deceives

him.

5

And

this

separation

the

detective

feels

between

himself

and

the

rest

of

the

world

is

deepened

by

the

simple－mindedness－as

he

sees

it－of

citizens，

social

workers，

doctors，

law－makers，

and

judges，

who，

instead

of

eliminating

crime，

punish

the

criminals

less

severely

in

the

hope

that

this

will

make

them

reform.A.He

can’t