2025年考研英语二

2025年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C

orDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Therearemanyunderstandablereasonswhyyoumightfinditdifficulttoaskforhelp

whenyouneedit.Psychologistshavebeeninterestedinthis1fordecades,notleast

becausepeople’swidespread2toaskforhelphasledtosomehigh-profilefailures.

Askingforhelptakes3.Itinvolvescommunicatinganeedonyourpart—there’s

somethingyoucan’tdo.4,you’rebroadcastingyourownweakness,whichcanbe5.

Youmighthave6aboutlosingcontrolofwhateveritisyouareaskingforhelp

with.7someonestartstohelp,perhapstheywilltakeover,orgetacreditforyourearly

efforts.Yetanother8thatyoumightbeworriedaboutisbeinganuisanceor9the

personyougotoforhelp.

Ifyoustrugglewithlowself-esteem,youmightfinditespeciallydifficultto10for

helpbecauseyouhavetheaddedworryoftheotherperson11yourrequest.Youmight

seesuchrefusalsasimplyingsomething12aboutthestatusofyourrelationship

withthem.To13thesedifficulties,trytoremindyourselfthateveryoneneedshelp

sometimes.Nobodyknowseverythingandcandoeverythingallbythemselves.Andwhileyou

might14comingacrossasincompetent,there’sactuallyresearchthatshowsthatadvice-

seekersare15asmorecompetent,notless.

Perhapsmostencouragingofallisapaperfrom2022byresearchersatStanford

University,inCalifornia,thatinvolvedamixofcontrivedhelp-seekinginteractionsandasking

peopleto16timesthey’dsoughthelpinthepast.Thefindingsshowedthathelp-seekers

generallyunderestimatehow17otherpeoplewillbetohelpandhowgooditwillmake

thehelp-giverfeel(formostpeople,havingthechancetohelpsomeoneishighly18).

Sobearallthisinmindthenexttimeyouneedtoaskforhelp.19,takecareover

whoyouaskandwhenyouaskthem.Andifsomeonecan’thelprightnow,avoidtakingit

personally.Theymightjustbetoo20,ortheymightnotfeelconfidentabouttheirability

tohelp.

11

1.A.illusionB.discussionC.traditionD.question

2.A.reluctanceB.ambitionC.tendencyD.enthusiasm

3.A.attentionB.talentC.courageD.patience

4.A.AtanytimeB.InotherwordsC.ByallmeansD.Onthecontrary

5.A.unrealisticB.deceptiveC.tiresomeD.uncomfortable

6.A.doubtsB.concernsC.suggestionsD.secrets

7.A.OnceB.UnlessC.AlthoughD.Before

8.A.theoryB.choiceC.factorD.context

9.A.overpraisingB.outperformingC.reassessingD.inconveniencing

10.A.reachoutB.settledownC.turnoverD.lookback

11.A.decliningB.consideringC.criticizingD.evaluating

12.A.unnecessaryB.negativeC.strangeD.impractical

13.A.explainB.identifyC.predictD.overcome

14.A.denyB.forgetC.missD.fear

15.A.disguisedB.perceivedC.followedD.introduced

16.A.recallB.classifyC.analyseD.compare

17.A.braveB.disapprovingC.willingD.hesitant

18.A.relaxingB.surprisingC.rewardingD.demanding

19.A.ThusB.AlsoC.FinallyD.Instead

20.A.politeB.proudC.busyD.lazy

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

21

Text1

U.S.customershistoricallytippedpeopletheyassumedwereearningmostoftheirincome

viatips,suchasrestaurantserversearninglessthantheminimumwage.Intheearly2010s,a

widerangeofbusinessesstartedprocessingpurchaseswithiPadsandotherdigitalpayment

systems.Thesesystemsoftenpromptedcustomerstotipforservicesthatwerenotpreviously

tipped.

Today’stiprequestsareoftennotconnectedtothesalaryandservicenormsthatusedto

determinewhenandhowpeopletip.Customersinthepastnearlyalwayspaidtipsafter

receivingaservice,suchasattheconclusionofarestaurantmeal,aftergettingahaircutor

onceapizzawasdelivered.Thattimingcouldrewardhigh-qualityserviceandgiveworkersan

incentivetoprovideit.

It’sbecomingmorecommonfortipstoberequestedbeforehand.Andnewtipping

technologymayevenautomaticallyaddtips.

Theprevalenceofdigitalpaymentdeviceshasmadeiteasiertoaskcustomersforatip.

Thathelpsexplainwhytiprequestsarecreepingintonewkindsofservices.Customersnow

routinelyseemenusofsuggesteddefaultoptions—oftenwellabove20%ofwhattheyowe.

Theamountshaverisenfrom10%orlessinthe1950sto15%aroundtheyear2000to20%or

highertoday.Thisincreaseissometimescalledtipflation—theexpectationofever-highertip

amounts.

Tippinghasalwaysbeenavitalsourceofincomeforworkersinhistoricallytipped

services,likerestaurants,wherethetippedminimumwagecanbeaslowasUS$2.13anhour.

Tipcreepandtipflationarenowfurthersupplementingtheincomeofmanylow-wageservice

workers.

Notably,tippingprimarilybenefitssomeoftheseworkers,suchaswaiters,butnotothers,

suchascooksanddishwashers.Toensurethatallemployeeswerepaidfairwages,some

restaurantsbannedtippingandincreasedprices,butthismovementtowardsno-tippingservices

haslargelyfizzledout.

Sotoincreaseemployeewageswithoutraisingprices,moreemployersaresuccumbingto

temptationsoftipcreepandtipflation.However,manycustomersarefrustratedbecausethey

feeltheyarebeingaskedfortoohighofatiptoooften.And,asourresearchemphasizes,

tippingnowseemstobemorecoercive,lessgenerous,andoftencompletelydissociatedfrom

servicequality.

31

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,thepracticeoftippingintheU.S.____

A.wasregardedasasignofgenerosity.

B.wasconsideredessentialforwaiters.

C.wasawayofrewardingdiligence.

D.wasoptionalinmostbusinesses.

22.Comparedwithtipsinthepast,today’stips____

A.arepaidmuchlessfrequently.

B.arelessoftenrequestedinadvance.

C.havelesstodowithservicequality.

D.contributelesstoworkers’income.

23.Tiprequestsarecreepingintonewkindsofservicesasaresultof____

A.theadvancementoftechnology.

B.thedesireforincomeincrease.

C.thediversificationofbusiness.

D.theemergenceoftipflation.

24.Themovementtowardno-tippingserviceswasintendedto____

A.promoteconsumption.

B.enrichincomesources.

C.maintainreasonableprices.

D.guaranteeincomefairness.

25.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthattipping____

A.isbecomingaburdenforcustomers.

B.helpsencouragequalityservice.

C.isvitaltobusinessdevelopment.

D.reflectstheneedtoreduceprices.

41

Text2

Whenitwasestablished,theNationalHealthService(NHS)wasvisionary:offeringhigh-

quality,timelycaretomeetthedominantneedsofthepopulationitserved.Nearly75yearson,

withtheUKfacingverydifferenthealthchallenges,itisclearthatthemodelisoutofdate.

Fromlifeexpectancytocancerandinfantmortalityrates,wearelaggingbehindmanyof

ourpeers.Withmorethan6.8milliononwaitlists,healthcareisbecomingincreasingly

inaccessibleforthosewhocannotopttopayforprivatetreatment;andthecostofproviding

healthcareisincreasinglysqueezingourinvestmentinotherpublicservices.Asdemandfor

healthcarecontinuestogrow,pressuresontheworkforce—whichisalreadynearbreaking

point—willonlybecomemoreacute.

Manyoftheanswerstothecrisisinhealthandcarearewellrehearsed.Weneedtobe

muchbetteratreducinganddivertingdemandonhealthservices,ratherthansimplymanaging

it.Muchmoreneedstobeinvestedincommunitiesandprimarycaretoreduceourrelianceon

hospitals.Andcapacityinsocialcareneedstobegreater,tosupportthegrowingnumberof

peoplelivingwithlong-termconditions.

Yetdespitetwodecadesofstrategiesandanumberofmajorhealthreforms,wehave

failedtomakemeaningfulprogressonanyoftheseaims.ThatiswhytheReformthinktankis

launchinganewprogrammeofworkentitled“Reimagininghealth”,supportedbytenformer

healthministers.Together,wearecallingforamuchmoreopenandhonestconversationabout

thefutureofhealthintheUK,andan“urgentrethink”ofthehospital-centricmodelweretain.

Thismustbeginwiththequestionofhowwemaximisethehealthofthenation,rather

than“fix”theNHS.Itisestimated,forexample,thathealthcareaccountsforonlyabout20%

ofhealthoutcomes.Muchmoreimportantaretheplaceswelive,workandsocialise—yet

thereisnoclearcross-governmentstrategyforimprovingthesesocialdeterminantsofhealth.

Worse,whenpolicieslikethenationalobesitystrategyarescrapped,taxpayersareleftwiththe

heftypricetagoftreatingtheillnesses,likediabetes,thatresult.

Reformwantstoaskhowpowerandresourcesshouldbedistributedinourhealthsystem.

Whathealthfunctionsshouldremainatthecentre,andwhatshouldbegiventolocalleaders,

oftenresponsibleforservicesthatcreatehealth,andwithamuchbetterunderstandingofthe

needsoftheirpopulations?

51

26.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,theNHS____

A.istroubledbyfundingdeficiencies.

B.canhardlysatisfypeople’sneeds.

C.canbarelyretainitscurrentemployees.

D.isrivalledbyprivatemedicalservices.

27.Oneanswertothecrisisinhealthandcareisto____

A.boosttheefficiencyofhospitals.

B.lightentheburdenonsocialcare.

C.increaseresourcesforprimarycare.

D.reducethepressureoncommunities.

28.“Reimagininghealth”isaimedto____

A.reinforcehospitalmanagement.

B.readjusthealthcareregulations.

C.restructurethehealthsystem.

D.resumesuspendedhealthreforms.

29.Tomaximisethenation’shealth,theauthorsuggests____

A.introducingrelevanttaxationpolicies.

B.payingdueattentiontosocialfactors.

C.reevaluatingmajorhealthoutcomes.

D.enhancingthequalityofhealthcare.

30.Itcanbeinferredthatlocalleadersshould____

A.exercisetheirpowermorereasonably.

B.developastrongersenseofresponsibility.

C.playabiggerroleinthehealthsystem.

D.understandpeople’shealthneedsbetter.

61

Text3

Heatactionplans,orHAPs,havebeenproliferatinginIndiainthepastfewyears.In

general,anHAPspellsoutwhenandhowofficialsshouldissueheatwarningsandalert

hospitalsandotherinstitutions.Nagpur’splan,forinstance,callsforhospitalstosetaside

“coldwards”inthesummerfortreatingheatstrokepatients,andadvisesbuilderstogive

constructionlaborersabreakfromworkonveryhotdays.

ButimplementationofexistingHAPshasbeenuneven,accordingtoareportfromthe

centerforPolicyResearch.Manylackadequatefunding,itfound.Andtheirtriggering

thresholdsoftenarenotcustomizedtothelocalclimate.Insomeareas,highdaytime

temperaturesalonemightserveasanadequatetriggerforalerts.Butinotherplaces,nighttime

temperaturesorhumiditymightbeasimportantagaugeofriskasdaytimehighs.

Mumbai’sAprilheatstrokedeathshighlightedtheneedformorenuancedandlocalized

warnings,researcherssay.Thatday’shightemperatureofroughly36°Cwas1°Cshyofthe

heatwavealertthresholdforcoastalcitiessetbynationalmeteorologicalauthorities.Butthe

effectsoftheheatwereamplifiedbyhumidity—anoftenneglectedfactorinheatalert

systems—andthelackofshadeatthelate-morningoutdoorceremony.

TohelpimproveHAPs,urbanplannerKotharkar’steamisworkingonamodelplanthat

outlinesbestpracticesandcouldbeadaptedtolocalconditions.Amongotherthings,shesays,

allcitiesshouldcreateavulnerabilitymaptohelpfocusresponsesonthepopulationsmostat

risk.

Suchmappingdoesn’tneedtobecomplex,Kotharkarsays.“Ausefulmapcanbecreated

bylookingatevenafewkeyparameters.”Forexample,neighborhoodswithalargeelderly

populationorinformaldwellingsthatcopepoorlywithheatcouldgetspecialwarningsorbe

bolsteredwithcoolingcenters.TheNagpurprojecthasalreadycreatedariskandvulnerability

map,whichenabledKotharkartotellofficialswhichneighborhoodstofocusonintheeventof

aheatwavethissummer.

HAPsshouldn’tjustincludeshort-termemergencyresponses,researcherssay,butalso

recommendmedium-tolong-termmeasuresthatcouldmakecommunitiescooler.InNagpur,

forexample,Kotharkar’steamhasbeenabletoadvisecityofficialsaboutwheretoplanttrees

toprovideshade.HAPscouldalsoguideeffortstoretrofithomesormodifybuilding

regulations.“Reducingdeathsinanemergencyisagoodtargettohave,butit’sthelowest

target,”saysClimateresearcherChandniSingh.

71

31.AccordingtoParagraph1,Nagpur’splanproposesmeasuresto____

A.tackleextremeweather.

B.ensureconstructionquality.

C.monitoremergencywarnings.

D.addressexcessiveworkloads.

32.OneproblemwithexistingHAPsisthatthey____

A.provetoocostlytobeimplemented.

B.lacklocalizedalert-issuingcriteria.

C.givedelayedresponsestoheatwaves.

D.keephospitalsundergreatpressure.

33.Mumbai’scaseshowsthatIndia’sheatalertsystemsneedto____

A.includeotherfactorsbesidestemperature.

B.takesubtleweatherchangesintoaccount.

C.prioritizepotentiallydisastrousheatwaves.

D.drawfurthersupportfromlocalauthorities.

34.Kotharkarholdsthatavulnerabilitymapcanhelp____

A.preventtheharmofhighhumidity.

B.targetareasneedingspecialattention.

C.expandtheNagpurproject’scoverage.

D.makereliefplansforheat-strickenpeople.

35.Accordingtothelastparagraph,researchersbelievethatHAPsshould____

A.focusmoreonheatstroketreatment.

B.invitewiderpublicparticipation.

C.applyformoregovernmentgrants.

D.serveabroaderrangeofpurposes.

81

Text4

Navigatingbeyondtheorganisedpavementsandparksofoururbanspaces,desirepaths

aretheunofficialfootprintsofacommunity,revealingtheunspokenpreferences,shared

shortcutsandcollectivechoicesofhumans.Oftenappearingastroddendirttracksthrough

otherwiseneatgreenspaces,theseroutesofcollectivedisobediencecutcorners,bisectlawns

andcrosshills,representingthenaturalcapabilityofpeople(andanimals)togofrompointA

topointBmosteffectively.

Urbanplannersinterpretdesirepathsasmorethanjustconvenientshortcuts;theyoffer

valuableinsightsintothedynamicsbetweenplanningandbehaviour.OhioStateUniversity

alloweditsstudentstonavigatetheOval,alawninthecentreofcampus,freely,then

proceededtopavethedesirepaths,creatingawebofeffectiveroutesstudentshadestablished.

Yet,reluctancepersistsamongotherplannerstointegratedesirepathsintoformalplans,

citingconcernsaboutsafety,environmentalimpact,orprimarily,aesthetics.ARedditwebpage

devotedtothephenomenon,boastingnearly50,000members,showcasesimagesoflocal

desirepathsadornedwithsignsinstructingpedestrianstoadheretodesignatedwalkways,

underscoringtherebelliousnatureinherentinthesehuman-madetracks.Thisclashhighlights

anongoingstrugglebetweentheorganic,user-drivenevolutionofpublicspacesandthedesire

foravisuallycuratedandcontrolledurbanenvironment.

TheWickquasgeckTrailisanexampleofahistoricaldesirepath,createdbyNative

AmericanstocrosstheforestsofManhattanandmovebetweensettlementsquickly.Thistrail,

whenDutchcolonistsarrived,waswidenedandmadeintooneofthemaintraderoadsacross

theisland,knownatthetimeasdeHeereStraat,orGentlemen’sStreet.FollowingtheBritish

assumptionofcontrolinNewYork,thestreetwasrenamedBroadway.Notably,Broadway

standsoutasoneofthefewareasinNYCthatdefiesthegrid-basedsystemappliedtotherest

ofthecity,cuttingadiagonalacrosspartsofthecity.

Inonlinespaces,desirepathshavesparkedafascinationthatcanapproachobsession,

withtheRedditpageservingasahub.Contributorsofferawidearrayofstories,fromlittle-

knownnewshortcutstolong-establishedalternateroutes.

Animaldesirepaths,suchasducksforgingtrailsthroughfrozenpondsordogscarving

directroutesingardens,highlighttheadaptabilityofthesetrailsinbothhumanandanimal

experiences.Asdesirepathscriss-crossthroughbothphysicalandvirtuallandscapes,they

standasaproofofthecollectiveinsistenceonforgingunconventionalroutesandembracing

thespiritofcommunalchoice.

91

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,desirepathsarearesultof____

A.thecuriositytoexploresurroundinghills.

B.thenecessitytopreservegreenspaces.

C.thetendencytopursueconvenience.

D.thewishtofindcomfortinsolitude.

37.ItcanbeinferredthatOhioStateUniversity____

A.intendstoimproveitsdesirepaths.

B.leadsintheresearchondesirepaths.

C.guidesthecreationofitsdesirepaths.

D.takesapositiveviewofdesirepaths.

38.TheimagesontheRedditwebpagereflect____

A.conflictingopinionsontheuseofdesirepaths.

B.thecalltoupgradethedesigningofpublicspaces.

C.thedemandforproperplanningofdesirepaths.

D.growingconcernsoverthelossofpublicspaces.

39.TheexampleoftheWickguasgeckTrailillustrates____

A.thegrowthofNewYorkCity.

B.theDutchoriginofdesirepaths.

C.theimportanceofurbanplanning.

D.therecognitionofdesirepaths.

40.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatdesirepaths____

A.revealhumans’deeprespectfornature.

B.arecrucialtohumans’mentalwellbeing.

C.areahumanimitationofanimalbehavior.

D.showasharedtraitinhumansandanimals.

101

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheading

fromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextra

subheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10

points)

A.Staypositive

B.Respectthepast

C.Usechannels

D.Giveittime

E.Inviteresistance

F.Beasalesman

G.Behumble

FiveStepstoSuggestingaChangeatWorkThat’llActuallyGetTakenSeriously

Everyonewantstobethatperson—theonewholooksatthesameinformationas

everyoneelse,butwhoseesafresh,innovativesolution.However,ittakesmorethansimply

havingagoodidea.Howyoushareitisasimportantasthesuggestionitself.

Why?Becausewritinganewscript—literallyorfiguratively—meansthatotherteam

memberswillhavetoadapttosomethingnew.Sowhetheryou’resuggestinga(seemingly)

benignchangelikestreamliningoutdatedprotocol,orabiggerchangelikeaddinganhourto

eachworkdaysopeoplecanleaveearlyonFridays,you’reaskingotherstoreimaginetheir

workfloworschedule.Nottomention,iftheprocessyou’rescrappingisonesomeoneelse

suggested,there’sthepossibilityofhurtfeelings.

Togainbuy-inonaninnovative,newidea,followthesesteps:

41._________________________

Greatideasdon’tstandalone.Inotherwords,youcan’tmentionyoursuggestiononce

andexpectittobeadopted.Toseeachange,you’llneedtochampionyourplanandsellits

merits.Inaddition,youneedtobewillingtostanduptoscrutinyandcriticismandbeprepared

toexplainyourinnovationindifferentwaysforvariousaudiences.

111

42._________________________

Sometimesitmakessensetogotoyourbossfirst.Butothertimes,it’susefultobuilda

coalitionamongyourco-workersorotherstakeholders.Whenitworks,itworksgreat—

becauseyou’rereadyforyourstubbornsupervisor’spushbackwithanswerslike,“Actually,I

connectedwithafewpeopleinourtechdepartmenttodiscusshowmuchtimethesekindsof

webs