2026年考研英语二考试真题(完整版)

2026年考研英语二考试真题(完整版)SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theriseofremoteworkhasbeenoneofthemostsignificantshiftsintheglobaleconomyoverthepastfewyears.Initiallyanecessityduringthepandemic,ithasevolvedintoapermanent1formillionsofemployees.However,thistransitionisnotwithoutitschallenges.Whiletheflexibilityofworkingfromhomeis2praised,italsoblurstheboundariesbetweenprofessionalandpersonallife,leadingtoaphenomenonknownas"leisuresickness"or"always-on"culture.Employeesoftenfindthemselves3toemailsandnotificationslongaftertheirofficialworkhourshaveended.Thisconstantconnectivitycan4toburnout,astateofemotional,physical,andmentalexhaustioncausedbyexcessiveandprolongedstress.5,thelackofface-to-faceinteractioncanresultinfeelingsofisolationandloneliness.Formany,theofficeprovidednotjustaplacetowork,butasocialenvironmentwhereinformal6occurrednaturally.To7theseissues,companiesarenowexploringhybridworkmodels.Thesemodelsaimtoofferthebestofbothworlds:theautonomyofremoteworkandthecollaborationofin-personwork.8,athree-dayofficeweekisbecomingapopularcompromise.Thisstructureallowsteamstobondandbrainstormonspecificdayswhile9deepworktasksathome.However,implementingahybridmodelrequirescarefulplanning.Managersmustshifttheirfocusfrommonitoringhoursto10outcomes.This"output-oriented"approachrequirestrustandclearcommunication.Withoutthese,hybridworkcanleadto11andconfusionregardingresponsibilities.Furthermore,notallrolesare12forhybridwork.Essentialworkersinhealthcare,retail,andmanufacturingoftendonothavethe13toworkremotely.Thefutureofworkwilllikelybeaspectrumratherthanabinarychoice.Astechnologycontinuesto14,wemayseevirtualrealitymeetingsandAI-assistedworkflowsbecomingthenorm.Ultimately,thegoalistocreateaworkenvironmentthat15productivityandemployeewell-being.Thismeansfindingabalancethat16thediverseneedsoftheworkforce.Inconclusion,whiletheremoteworkrevolutionhas17thetraditional9-to-5paradigm,ithasalsoforcedustoredefinewhatitmeanstobe"atwork."Itisacontinuousprocessof18andadaptation.Aswemoveforward,bothemployersandemployeesmustremain19tochange,ensuringthatthenewworldofworkissustainable,inclusive,and20forall.1.[A]reality[B]trend[C]option[D]illusion2.[A]rarely[B]widely[C]barely[D]skeptically3.[A]subject[B]immune[C]resistant[D]exposed4.[A]contribute[B]object[C]refer[D]apply5.[A]Therefore[B]However[C]Moreover[D]Conversely6.[A]interactions[B]transactions[C]interruptions[C]distractions7.[A]ignore[B]escalate[C]address[D]deny8.[A]Inparticular[B]Forexample[C]Incontrast[D]Asaresult9.[A]ignoring[B]postponing[C]scheduling[D]prioritizing10.[A]measuring[B]ignoring[C]guessing[D]limiting11.[A]innovation[B]efficiency[C]friction[D]harmony12.[A]available[B]suitable[C]ready[D]liable13.[A]luxury[B]pressure[C]desire[D]privilege14.[A]stagnate[B]advance[C]”regress[D]fluctuate15.[A]maximizes[B]minimizes[C]stabilizes[D]neutralizes16.[A]overlooks[B]simplifies[C]accommodates[D]restricts17.[A]reinforced[B]disrupted[C]established[D]followed18.[A]rejection[B]stagnation[C]experimentation[D]repetition19.[A]hostile[B]indifferent[C]superior[D]open20.[A]beneficial[B]harmful[C]irrelevant[D]tediousSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Theconceptofthe"gigeconomy"hastransformedthewaywethinkaboutemployment.Traditionally,workersweretetheredtoasingleemployer,oftenforlife,exchangingstabilityforloyalty.Today,platformslikeUber,Airbnb,andUpworkhavecommoditizedlaborintodiscretetasks,allowingindividualstoworkasindependentcontractors.Thisshiftoffersunprecedentedflexibility,empoweringworkerstochoosewhen,where,andhowmuchtheywork.Forstudents,retirees,orthoseseekingasidehustle,thismodelisincrediblyattractive.However,thegigeconomyisnotwithoutitscritics.Theprimarycontentionliesintheclassificationofworkers.Bylabelingthemasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees,companiesoftenbypasstheobligationtoprovidebenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidsickleave,andretirementcontributions.Thistransferofriskfromcorporationtoindividualcanleaveworkersvulnerable,especiallyduringeconomicdownturnsorpersonalillness.Furthermore,thealgorithmicmanagementstyleemployedbytheseplatforms—whereratingsandautomatedsystemsdictateone'sabilitytofindwork—cancreateahigh-pressureenvironmentdevoidofhumanempathy.Governmentsworldwidearegrapplingwithhowtoregulatethisneweconomiclandscape.Somejurisdictionshavepassedlawsaimingtoreclassifygigworkersasemployees,entitledtofullprotections.Othersarguethatsuchheavy-handedregulationstiflesinnovationandinfringesuponthefreedomofcontract.Thedebateiscomplexbecauseittouchesuponthefundamentaldefinitionofworkinthe21stcentury.Proponentsofthegigeconomyarguethatitlowersbarrierstoentryandcreatesefficiencyinthemarket.Consumersbenefitfromlowerpricesandinstantservice,whileworkersappreciatetheautonomy.Yet,asthesectormatures,thereisagrowingrealizationthatabalancemustbestruck.Wearelikelytoseetheemergenceofathirdcategoryofworker—somethingbetweenanemployeeandacontractor—thatofferssomeprotectionswithoutdestroyingtheflexibilitythatdefinesthemodel.Thefutureofworkmaynotbebinary,butratheraspectrumofevolvinglaborrelationships.21.Thegigeconomyisattractivetomanybecauseit______.[A]guaranteeshighwagesandsteadyincome[B]providescomprehensivehealthbenefits[C]offersgreatflexibilityinworkingarrangements[D]requireslong-termcommitmenttoonecompany22.Theword"commoditized"(Para.1)isclosestinmeaningto______.[A]standardized[B]commercialized[C]improved[D]specialized23.Amajorcriticismofthegigeconomyisthatit______.[A]reliestooheavilyonmanuallabor[B]failstoprovideadequateworkerprotections[C]istooslowtoadapttomarketchanges[D]discouragestheuseofmoderntechnology24.Algorithmicmanagementinthegigeconomytendstobe______.[A]empatheticandsupportive[B]rigidandimpersonal[C]inefficientandoutdated[D]creativeandflexible25.Theauthorsuggeststhatthefutureofworkregulationmightinvolve______.[A]completelybanninggigplatforms[B]classifyingallworkersasemployees[C]creatinganewcategoryofworkerstatus[D]maintainingthecurrentsystemwithoutchangeText2Inthequestforsustainableagriculture,verticalfarminghasemergedasapromisingsolution.Bygrowingcropsinstackedlayersindoors,oftenusinghydroponicsoraeroponics,verticalfarmscanproducefoodyear-roundregardlessofweatherconditions.Thismethoddrasticallyreduceswaterusage—upto95%lessthantraditionalfarming—andeliminatestheneedforharmfulpesticides.Moreover,bylocatingfarmswithinurbancenters,"foodmiles"aresignificantlyreduced,loweringthecarbonfootprintassociatedwithtransportation.Despitetheseadvantages,verticalfarmingfacessignificanteconomichurdles.TheenergyconsumptionrequiredtopowertheLEDlightsandclimatecontrolsystemsisimmense.Whilethecostofrenewableenergyisfalling,electricityremainsamajoroperationalexpense.Consequently,thecropsthatareeconomicallyviabletogrowverticallyarecurrentlylimitedtohigh-valueleafygreensandherbs.Staplecropslikewheat,corn,andrice,whichrequirevastamountsofenergyandspacetomature,remainoutofreachforverticalfarms.Technologicaladvancements,however,areslowlytippingthescales.InnovationsinLEDefficiency,automation,andmachinelearningareoptimizingyieldsandreducingwaste.AI-drivensystemscanmonitorplanthealthinreal-time,adjustinglightspectrumsandnutrientdeliverytomaximizegrowth.Thisprecisionagricultureapproachensuresthateveryresourceisutilizedefficiently.Thesocialimplicationsofverticalfarmingarealsoprofound.Asurbanizationcontinuestoaccelerate,thedisconnectbetweencitydwellersandtheirfoodsourcesdeepens.Verticalfarmscanserveaseducationalhubs,reconnectingcommunitieswiththeoriginsoftheirfood.Theycanalsoprovidelocalemploymentopportunitiesinareasthatmaylackgreenspace.Whileverticalfarmingisunlikelytoreplacetraditionalagricultureentirely,itrepresentsacrucialpieceofthepuzzleinfeedingagrowingglobalpopulation.Itcomplementsruralfarmingbyfocusingonfreshproducethatbenefitsmostfromproximitytotheconsumer.Asthetechnologymaturesandcostsdecrease,wecanexpectverticalfarmingtoplayanincreasinglyvitalroleinourfoodsystems,transformingconcretejunglesintolush,productivelandscapes.26.Verticalfarmingisdescribedasasustainablesolutionpartlybecauseit______.[A]requiresmorelandthantraditionalfarming[B]operatesindependentlyofweatherconditions[C]increasestheuseofchemicalpesticides[D]reliesheavilyonfossilfuels27.Themaineconomicchallengeforverticalfarmingis______.[A]thehighcostoflabor[B]thescarcityofwaterresources[C]thelimitedvarietyofcropsgrown[D]theimmenseenergyconsumption28.Accordingtothetext,AI-drivensystemsinverticalfarmingcan______.[A]replacetheneedforhumanworkersentirely[B]predictweatherpatternsaccurately[C]optimizeresourceuseforplantgrowth[D]reducethenutritionalvalueofcrops29.Theauthormentionsthesocialimplicationsofverticalfarmingtohighlightitspotentialto______.[A]reducethecostoflivingincities[B]encouragepeopletomovetoruralareas[C]reconnecturbanresidentswithfoodproduction[D]eliminatetheneedfortraditionalfarmers30.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetowardverticalfarming?[A]Skeptical[B]Cautiouslyoptimistic[C]Entirelynegative[D]IndifferentText3The"sharingeconomy"wassupposedtousherinaneraofcollaborativeconsumption,whereaccesstrumpedownership.Wewouldsharecars,homes,andpowerdrills,reducingwasteandbuildingcommunitytrust.WhileplatformslikeAirbnbandZipcarhaveachievedmassivesuccess,therealityhasdivergedsomewhatfromtheutopianideal.Insteadofpurelypeer-to-peersharing,weoftenseeprofessionaloperatorsandcommercialbusinessesdominatingtheseplatforms.AhostonAirbnbmightnotbeaneighborrentingoutaspareroom,butapropertymanagementfirmrunningamini-hotel.Thiscommercializationhasledtoconflictsincitiesaroundtheworld.Inpopulartouristdestinations,short-termrentalshavebeenaccusedofexacerbatinghousingshortages.Landlordscanearnmorefromnightlytouristrentalsthanfromlong-termleases,incentivizingthemtoremovepropertiesfromtheresidentialmarket.Thisdrivesuprentsanddisplaceslong-termresidents,alteringthecharacterofneighborhoods.Furthermore,theenvironmentalbenefitsofthesharingeconomyaredebatable.Whilesharingacarmightreducethenumberofvehiclesontheroad,theconvenienceofride-hailingappslikeUberandLyfthasencouragedpeopletoabandonpublictransitinfavorofprivaterides.Studieshaveshownthatthisoftenleadstoincreasedcongestionandoverallvehiclemilestraveled,asdriversspendtimecirclingwithoutpassengers.Despitethesedrawbacks,thecoretechnologyofthesharingeconomy—platformsthatefficientlymatchsupplyanddemand—holdsimmensevalue.Thechallengeliesinregulationandalignmentofincentives.Citiesarebeginningtostrikeback,imposinglimitsonthenumberofdaysapropertycanberentedoutshort-termandrequiringplatformstosharedata.Thegoalistoharnesstheefficiencyofthesemarketswhilemitigatingtheirnegativeexternalities.Thefuturewilllikelyseearefinementofthemodel.Wemaymovetowards"truesharing"platformsthatarenon-profitorcommunity-owned,focusingonlocalresilienceratherthanventurecapitalreturns.Theinitialhypemayhavefaded,butthedigitalinfrastructurethatenablesstrangerstotrustoneanotherisheretostay.Itisuptoustosteerthistechnologytowardoutcomesthatgenuinelybenefitsociety.31.Theauthorsuggeststhatthecurrent"sharingeconomy"differsfromitsidealinthat______.[A]itisdominatedbyprofessionalbusinesses[B]itfailstousedigitalplatformseffectively[C]itdiscouragespeoplefromowningcars[D]itfocusestoomuchonlong-termleases32.Short-termrentalslikeAirbnbcannegativelyimpacthousingmarketsby______.[A]loweringpropertyvalues[B]reducingthenumberoftourists[C]increasinghousingcostsforresidents[D]encouraginghomeownerstobuymorehouses33.Ride-hailingappsmayhaveanegativeenvironmentaleffectbecausethey______.[A]useelectricvehiclesexclusively[B]leadtodecreaseduseofpublictransport[C]aretooexpensiveformostpeople[D]reducetheneedforparkingspaces34.Citiesarerespondingtothechallengesofthesharingeconomyby______.[A]banningallshort-termrentals[B]imposingregulatoryrestrictions[C]subsidizingride-hailingservices[D]ignoringthedataprovidedbyplatforms35.Thetextconcludesthatthedigitalinfrastructureofthesharingeconomy______.[A]isfundamentallyflawed[B]shouldbeabandoned[C]canbedirectedtowardpositivesocialoutcomes[D]isonlyusefulforprofit-makingText4Emotionalintelligence(EQ)isoftentoutedasacriticalskillforleadership,yetitsdefinitionandmeasurementremainsubjectsofdebate.UnlikeIQ,whichmeasurescognitiveabilities,EQreferstothecapacitytorecognize,understand,andmanageone'sownemotionsandthoseofothers.HighEQisassociatedwithbetterteamwork,conflictresolution,andoverallworkplacemorale.However,theemphasisonEQinhiringandpromotioncansometimesbeproblematic.Oneissueisthepotentialforbias.AssessmentsofEQareoftensubjective,relyingoninterviewsorself-reportedquestionnairesthatcanbefakedorinfluencedbyculturalnorms.Forinstance,anindividualfromaculturethatvaluesstoicismmightbeperceivedashavinglowEQ,eveniftheypossessadeepunderstandingofinterpersonaldynamics.Anotherconcernisthe"emotionallabor"requiredinhigh-EQenvironments.Employees,particularlythoseinserviceroles,areoftenexpectedtosuppresstheirtruefeelingsandprojectapositiveemotiontosatisfyclientsorcolleagues.Whilethiscanenhancecustomersatisfaction,sustainedemotionallaborcanleadtostressandburnout.Thedemandtobeconstantlyempatheticandupbeatcanbeexhausting.Furthermore,anover-relianceonEQcanovershadowtechnicalcompetence.Inhighlyspecializedfieldslikeengineeringorsurgery,cognitiveabilityandtechnicalskillareparamount.AcharismaticleaderwithhighEQbutlackingtechnicalexpertisemaymakepoorstrategicdecisionsorfailtogaintherespectoftheirteam.Trueleadershiprequiresabalance;emotionalintelligenceshouldcomplement,notreplace,hardskills.Ultimately,whileEQisavaluableasset,itshouldnotbeviewedasapanaceaforallorganizationalills.Organizationsneedtocultivateaculturewherebothtechnicalandsoftskillsarevalued.Theyshouldalsobemindfulofthementalhealthtollofconstantemotionalperformance.BytreatingEQasonecomponentofaholisticskillset,ratherthanamagicbullet,companiescanbuildmoreresilientandeffectiveteams.36.Emotionalintelligence(EQ)isdefinedastheabilityto______.[A]solvecomplexmathematicalproblems[B]performwellonstandardizedtests[C]manageandunderstandemotions[D]ignorethefeelingsofothers37.OneproblemwithEQassessmentsisthattheycanbe______.[A]tooobjectiveandstandardized[B]influencedbyculturalbackgrounds[C]difficulttoadminister[D]focusedsolelyontechnicalskills38.Theterm"emotionallabor"(Para.3)referstotheeffortrequiredto______.[A]improvetechnicalskills[B]suppressormanagedisplayedemotions[C]increasephysicalworkload[D]avoidsocialinteractions39.TheauthorwarnsthatoveremphasizingEQmightleadto______.[A]neglectingtechnicalcompetence[B]improvedconflictresolution[C]higheremployeeretention[D]betterstrategicdecisions40.Theauthor’smainargumentregardingEQisthatitshouldbe______.[A]theprimaryfactorinhiringdecisions[B]consideredalongsideotherskills[C]ignoredintechnicalfields[D]usedtoreplaceIQtestingPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]TheRoleofGovernmentPolicy[B]ConsumerBehaviorandPreferences[C]TechnologicalBarriers[D]TheEconomicViabilityofGreenEnergy[E]TheEnvironmentalImperative[F]InnovationinStorageSolutions[G]TheShiftfromFossilFuels41.Thetransitiontorenewableenergyisnolongerjustamatterofenvironmentalethics;itisbecominganeconomicnecessity.Asthecostsofsolarandwindpowerplummet,theyarenowcompetitivewith,orcheaperthan,coalandnaturalgasinmanyregions.Thisshiftisdrivenbymarketforcesasmuchasbyregulation.Investorsareincreasinglydivestingfromcarbon-intensiveindustries,fearingstrandedassetsastheworldmovestowardalow-carbonfuture.42.Despitetheprogress,intermittencyremainsasignificanttechnicalhurdle.Thesundoesnotalwaysshine,andthewinddoesnotalwaysblow.Torelyentirelyonrenewables,weneedrobustenergystoragesystems.Whilelithium-ionbatterieshaveimproved,theyarestillexpensiveforgrid-scalestorageandhavelimitedlifespans.Developingalternativestoragemethods,suchaspumpedhydroorflowbatteries,iscrucialforastableenergysupply.43.Publicacceptanceplaysapivotalroleintheenergytransition.Whilemostpeoplesupportcleanenergyinprinciple,"NIMBY"(NotInMyBackyard)oppositionoftenarisesagainstlocalinfrastructureprojectslikewindfarmsortransmissionlines.Educatingthepublicaboutthebenefitsandsafetyofthesetechnologiesisessentialtoovercomingresistance.Furthermore,consumerchoices,suchaspurchasingelectricvehiclesorenergy-efficientappliances,acceleratedemandforgreenpower.44.Governmentinterventionisoftenrequiredtocorrectmarketfailuresandspurinitialinvestment.Subsidies,taxbreaks,andcarbonpricingmechanismscanleveltheplayingfieldforrenewables.However,policymustbeconsistentandlong-termtoprovidecertaintyforinvestors.Stop-and-gopolicies,drivenbychangingpoliticalwinds,canhinderthemassivecapitalinvestmentsneededforenergyinfrastructure.45.Theultimatedriveroftheenergytransitionistheurgentneedtocombatclimatechange.Theburningoffossilfuelsreleasesgreenhousegasesthatarewarmingtheplanet,leadingtoextremeweatherevents,risingsealevels,andecologicalcollapse.Decarbonizingtheenergysectoristhesinglemosteffectivestepwecantaketomitigatethesecatastrophiceffectsandpreservetheplanetforfuturegenerations.SectionIIITranslation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Artificialintelligenceisrapidlyreshapingthelandscapeofmodernhealthcare,offeringtoolsthatcananalyzevastamountsofdatawithspeedandprecisionthatsurpasshumancapabilities.Fromdiagnosingdiseasestopersonalizingtreatmentplans,AIalgorithmsareassistingdoctorsinmakingmoreinformeddecisions.Forinstance,inradiology,AIcanscanthousandsofimagestodetectanomaliesthatmightbetoosubtleforthehumaneye.However,theintegrationofAIintomedicinealsoraisescomplexethicalandpracticalquestions.Issuesregardingdataprivacy,algorithmicbias,andthepotentialfordehumanizationofpatientcareareattheforefrontofthedebate.Thereisalsothefearthatover-relianceontechnologycoulderodetheclinicalintuitionandskillsofmedicalprofessionals.Therefore,thefutureofhealthcarelikelyliesinacollaborativemodelwhereAIhandlesdata-driventasks,whilehumansfocusonempathy,ethics,andcomplexjudgment.Itisnotaboutreplacingdoctors,butaugmentingtheirabilitiestoprovidebetterpatientoutcomes.SectionIVWritingPartA47.Directions:SupposeyouareLiMing.Youaregoingtoorganizeareadingclubactivity.WriteanemailtoProfessorSmith,anexpertinliterature,toinvitehimtogivealectureonBritishnovels.Youshouldspecifythetime,place,andthetopicofthelecture.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheemail.Use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartB48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)ChartDescription:AlinechartshowingthechangesinthenumberofmuseumvisitorsinCityXfrom2018to2023.2018:2million2019:2.5million2020:0.8million(Sharpdropduetopandemic)2021:1.5million2022:2.8million2023:3.5millionReferenceAnswersandExplanationsSectionIUseofEnglish1.[A]realityContext:Thetextdiscusseshowremoteworkhasevolvedfromanecessitytoafixedstateofaffairs."Reality"fitsbestasitcontrastswiththetemporarynatureofa"necessity"duringthepandemic.2.[B]widelyContext:Theflexibilityofworkingfromhomeisgenerallypraisedbymanypeople."Widely"isthestandardcollocationhere.3.[D]exposedContext:Employeesare"exposedto"emailsandnotifications,meaningtheyaresubjectedtothemconstantly.4.[A]contributeContext:Thephrase"contributeto"isstandardwhendiscussingfactorsleadingtoaresult(burnout).5.[C]MoreoverContext:Thetextislistingnegativeeffects(burnout->isolation)."Moreover"indicatesanadditionofanothernegativepoint.6.[A]interactionsContext:Theofficeprovidesaplaceforsocial"interactions"(communicationbetweenpeople)."Transactions"istoofinancial;"interruptions"isnegative.7.[C]addressContext:Companiesaretryingtosolveordealwiththeseissues."Address"isaformalwordfordealingwithaproblem.8.[B]ForexampleContext:Thetextintroducesaspecificexample(three-dayofficeweek)ofahybridmodel.9.[D]prioritizingContext:Whenathome,onecanfocusonimportanttasks."Prioritizing"meansgivingimportanceto.10.[A]measuringContext:Managersshiftfromwatchingtimetowatchingresults."Measuringoutcomes"isthecorrectphrase.11.[C]frictionContext:Withoutclearcommunication,therecanbeconflictordifficulty."Friction"describesoperationaldifficultyorconflict.12.[B]suitableContext:Notalljobsfitthemodel."Suitable"meansappropriateorfitting.13.[D]privilegeContext:Essentialworkersdonothavetheoption/privilegetoworkremotely."Luxury"isclosebut"privilege"oftenrelatestorights/optionsinemployment.14.[B]advanceContext:Technologycontinuestomoveforward."Advance"meansprogress.15.[A]maximizesContext:Thegoalistomakeproductivityashighaspossiblewhilemaintainingwell-being.16.[C]accommodatesContext:Thebalancemustfitorsatisfytheneedsoftheworkforce."Accommodates"meanstomeettheneedsof.17.[B]disruptedContext:Remoteworkchanged/brokethetraditionalparadigm."Disrupted"isthecommontermforthiseconomicshift.18.[C]experimentationContext:Theprocessinvolvestryingnewthings."Experimentation"fitsthecontextoffindingnewworkmodels.19.[D]openContext:Employersandemployeesmustbewillingtochange."Opentochange"isastandardidiom.20.[A]beneficialContext:Thegoalisaworkenvironmentthatisgoodforall."Beneficial"meansproducinggoodresults.SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAText121.[C]offersgreatflexibilityinworkingarrangementsExplanation:Paragraph1states,"Thisshiftoffersunprecedentedflexibility,empoweringworkerstochoosewhen,where,andhowmuchtheywork."22.[B]commercializedExplanation:"Commoditized"inthiscontextmeansturninglaborintoacommodityoraproducttobetraded."Commercialized"istheclosestsynonymregardingtheeconomictransformation.23.[B]failstoprovideadequateworkerprotectionsExplanation:Paragraph2mentionsthatcompaniesbypassprovidingbenefitslikehealthinsuranceandsickleave,leavingworkersvulnerable.24.[B]rigidandimpersonalExplanation:Paragraph2describesalgorithmicmanagementascreatinga"high-pressureenvironmentdevoidofhumanempathy,"suggestingitisrigidandimpersonal.25.[C]creatinganewcategoryofworkerstatusExplanation:Thefinalparagraphsuggests,"Wearelikelytoseetheemergenceofathirdcategoryofworker—somethingbetweenanemployeeandacontractor."Text226.[B]operatesindependentlyofweatherconditionsExplanation:Paragraph1statesverticalfarmscan"producefoodyear-roundregardlessofweatherconditions."27.[D]theimmenseenergyconsumptionExplanation:Paragraph2explicitlystates,"TheenergyconsumptionrequiredtopowertheLEDlightsandclimatecontrolsystemsisimmense."28.[C]optimizeresourceuseforplantgrowthExplanation:Paragraph3mentionsAIsystems"adjustinglightspectrumsandnutrientdeliverytomaximizegrowth"andensuring"everyresourceisutilizedefficiently."29.[C]reconnecturbanresidentswithfoodproductionExplanation:Paragraph4statesverticalfarmscan"serveaseducationalhubs,reconnectingcommunitieswiththeoriginsoftheirfood."30.[B]CautiouslyoptimisticExplanation:Theauthorlistsadvantages(sustainability,socialbenefits)butalsoacknowledgessignificanthurdles(energycosts,croplimitations).Thisbalancedviewindicatescautiousoptimism.Text331.[A]itisdominatedbyprofessionalbusinessesExplanation:Paragraph1notesthatinsteadofpeer-to-peersharing,"weoftenseeprofessionaloperatorsandcommercialbusinessesdominatingt