Unit3SeaExplorationDiscoverUsefulStructures课件高中英语人教版选择性

Unit3SeaExplorationReviewoftheinfinitiveBytheendofthisperiod,youwillbeableto…1.identifythefunctionsofinfinitive.2.learntouseinfinitiveindifferentcontexts.3.expressyourownideasusinginfinitive.

LearningObjectivesLead-in过去分词(done)现在分词/动名词(doing)

非谓语动词

动词不定式todo主动形式被动形式时间特征一般式不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生eg:Iameager

toseeyouagain.进行式/不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生eg:Theyaresaid

tobestudyingpsychology.完成式不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前eg:Heissaid

tohavetranslatedthebookintoEnglish.todotobedonetohavebeendonetobedoingtohavedone否定形式：not/nevertodoLead-in

①To

complete

the

great

map

of

the

world

wasastrongpassionforthepeopleofearlycivilisations.②MarcoPolo’stalesinspiredEuropeanexplorers

to

search

for

sea

routesfromwesttoeast.③Here，merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmetto

negotiate

trade

deals，whichalsoledtomoreawarenessofeachother’scultures.④Thesefleetswereasight

to

beholdandwereinaleagueoftheirownatthattime.⑤To

reach

out

across

the

sea

remainsastrongdesiretoday.主语宾补目的状语定语主语Readthefollowingsentencesandanalyzewhatfunctionsthecoloredpartservesasineachsentence.Function⑥Theaimofthisinitiativeisto

encourage

cooperation

and

trade

across

the

historic

Silk

Road

areas，

and

strengthen

the

bonds

between

China

and

the

rest

of

the

world.⑦Tradinghasgrowngreatlyinrecentyears，andwillcontinue

to

do

soinyearstocome.⑧Chinahasinvestedbillionsinsystemsandservicesalongtheseroutes，whichwillhelp

to

greatly

develop

the

whole

areaforthebenefitoffuturetradeandculturalexchange.⑨Hundredsofyearson，andwiththelatesttechnologyinhand，

theneed

to

tradeandthedesire

to

enhance

relationshipswilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.表语宾语宾语定语Function4.作定语（attribute)

3.作表语(predicative)5.作状语(adverbial)动词不定式

6.作宾补(object

complement)

1.作主语（subject)

2.作宾语（object)Function1)三情况：直接做主语

Tokeepsmilingishealthyforyou.当主语过长时，为保持句子平衡，可用it作形式主语：Ittookhimalongtimetoacquiretheskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.

带wh-（特殊疑问词）+todo短语作主语(谓语用单数)Whenandwheretostarttheprograms________(remain)unknown.remains1.不定式作主语

(subject)Subject2).常考句型It’stimetodosth.Ittakesb.sometimetodosth.

It+be+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.

★for:adj.多为描述不定式行为的特征,特点（important/necessary/interesting等.）★of:adj.多为描述主语的品质（kind/nice/friendly/wise/foolish等.）Practice:1.Itisimportant______ustolivealow-carbonlife.2.Itwasgenerous______himtocontributesomuch.forofSubject1）

动词+tododecide/determine,learn,manage,tryrefuse,promise,pretend,agreewant,help,choose,planhope/wish/expect,offer,waithappen,threaten,fail,afford2）有时和（特殊疑问词）wh-词+todo构成宾语.①

下一步干什么你决定了吗?Haveyoudecided____________next?②我不知道怎么做它。Ididn’tknow______________it.what

todo

how

todo

决定学好，（就）设法努力拒绝承诺；（就）假装同意；想要帮忙，（就）选好计划希望关心；（就）主动等待碰巧威胁，（也）不能付钱2.不定式作宾语

(object)Object3)动词+it+宾补+todo此时，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的todo不定式常用动词：make,find,feel,think,believe,consider例1.我觉得回答这个问题很难Ithinkithardtoanswerthequestion.例2.我发现要吃完这顿饭是一个负担Ifinditaburdentofinishthemeal/eatthewholefood.⚠当宾补是nouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile时，

todo应改为doingItisnouse/nogood/useless/worthwhiledoing…Objectlookforwardto...期待，盼望……objectto...反对……bedevotedto...致力于……beopposedto...反对……adapt/adjustto...适应……leadto...导致……whenitcomesto...名师点津：动词短语中含有介词to，宾语要用动名词（ving）ObjectTheeventalsoencouragedher____________(found)thecommunity.Theyoffered_________(do)somevoluntaryworkduringtheschoolholidays.Theactivitynotonlyenabledus________(learn)Chineseculturebetterbutalsopromotedourfriendship.Mrs.Greenobjectedto___________(advertise)theproduct.Whenitcomesto______________(play)badminton,herfaceisglowingwithexcitement.Hemadeit

arule_________(read)Englisheveryday.Idon’tknowwhether_________(eat)firstortotakeashowerfirst.Ifinditnouse__________(organize)thediscussion.tofoundtodotolearnadvertisingplayingtoreadtoeatorganizingExercises(1).位于系动词之后3.不定式作表语

(predicative)状态“是”be持续“继续或保持”keep,remain,stay,lie表像“看起来像”seem,appear,look感官look,feel,smell,sound,taste变化“变成......”become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run终止prove“证明是，结果是”(2).句中如果主语部分有实义动词do的各种形式，作表语的动词不定式实际上是do的引申，即表示do所做的内容，这时动词不定式可省略to。TheleastIcandois(to)

writetoyou.我至少能做到的是给你写信。前有do后省toPredicative(3)主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,plan,proposal,suggestion

等为中心词的名词词组,表语用不定式说明其内容MydreamistoenterBeijingUniversity.Myideais___________(climb)themountainfromthenorth.Mysuggestionis_____________(start)workatonce.(4).带wh-疑问词+todo也可做表语Ourdifficultyiswhere_____________(find)aguide.toclimbtostarttofind3.不定式作表语(predicative)Predicative1)不定式作后置定语时，常表示将来的动作，翻译时常须在动词不定式前加“要”字。2)不定式修饰的词：抽象名词ability、attempt、chance、courage、decision、effort、failure、promise、way、wish等序数词、形容词最高级或theonly/thelast/thenext等后或被这些词修饰的名词Heisalways

thefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelast_________(leave)theschool.Butshegaveupthechance_________(go)abroad.I’vegotmywifeandson_________(look)

after.Canyouthinkupagoodway_________(deal)withtheeverincreasingprices？toleave4.不定式作定语

(attribute)togotolooktodeal不及物动词要加介词Attribute3）当修饰的词为something,nothing,anything等不定代词时egDoyouhaveanything

toexplain?

Thereisnothing

toworry

about.

Iwanttogetsomething

todrink.Attribute做目的状语，常用的结构：

todo;inordertodo;soasto以便于①Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.②Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.(2)做结果状语：①so/such......todoWearenotsostupidtobuyhiswords.②enoughtodoHedidn’trunfastenoughtocatchthetrain③too......todo太......而不能Theteaistoohottodrink.④onlytodo结果却...Wehurriedtothetrainstationonly___________thetrainhadleft.（tell）tobetold5.不定式作状语

(adverbial）Adverbial高考链接：不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别1.

Theoldmanreturnedhomeonlytofind

thathisdaughterhadgotmarried.2.Hediedfromasuddentrafficaccident，leaving

hisfamilyevenworseoff.

出乎意料顺其自然(3)做原因状语：

一般用在be+adj.常跟在表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的形容词之后。后：说明产生这种情绪的原因.

1）

We’requiteglad

tomeetyouhere.

2）

Iamsorry

tohearthatyourgrandmaisill.Adverbial1)动词+宾语+todosth.Mymumasksme_________________twohoursonadailybasis.

toplaythepiano常用的这类动词有：ask;allow;advise;want;tell;order;teach;expect,require;cause;force;permit;encourage;urge；enable；warn;forbid;get;invite;persuade6.不定式作宾补(objectcomplement)Objectcomplement2）动词+宾语+不带to的不定式感官动词使役动词一感：feel二听：hear,listento五看：see,notice,watch,lookat,observelet,make,have◆但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：

Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseen_______suddenlyfromthetree.+sbdosth（不带to）tofall感官动词的非谓语：不带to的不定式(全过程)现在分词(正在发生)过去分词（表被动）Objectcomplement011.主语＋be+adj.+todo

能用于此句型的形容词有：difficult,easy,comfortable,fit,hard,pleasant,nice,good,interesting,heavy,dangerous,etc.eg.Theyaresurprisedtoseetheresult.

Iamexcitedtostartanewjob.3.主动形式表被动意义的不定式!Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewlyelectedpresidentishavinghardtime.3.want/need/require/deserve+doing/tobedone

Thehouserequires/needs/wantsrepairing.Thehouserequires/needs/wantstoberepaired.2.with+n.+todo(with）复合结构)Objectcomplement1．It'sgood_______(help)otherswhentheyareintrouble.2．Themandownstairstoldthemanupstairsnot_______(drop)hisshoesontotheflooratmidnightanymore.3．Thegoalofthisactivityis_______(meet)theneedsofcommonpeople.tohelptodroptomeet4．Thequestionisverydifficult________(answer).5．Hepretended____________(read)thetextwhenIcamein.6．Thesnowseemed________________(blow)fromthetopofthemountain.7．Iworkedhard_______(pass)theexam.8．Ihadnochoicebut_______(give)upthechanceofgoingabroad.toanswertobereadingtohavebeenblowntopasstogive基础练习1.Heaskedeachvillagerthatreceivedthemachine_________(use)itandtrainaninheritor(继承者)ofthelocalweavingtechnique.

(2024·山东烟台一模)2.TodayinWeifang，therearevirtuallynolimitationsontheshapesorsizesofkites，whichcanbemade________________(represent)people’sidealsanddesires.(2024·湖北5月省考)3.IfeelIhaveanewmission____________(shoulder)，evenafterChinawinsitsbattletoreducepoverty.(2024·山东烟台二模)tousetorepresenttoshoulder4.Thegroundfloortends____________(use)asstoragespaceforfirewoodandfarmingequipment.(2024·湖南邵阳二模)5.ThatapproachbroughtCobb’sairtravellastyeardownby75%，andsheplans____________(continue)thepractice.(2022·浙江1月卷)tobeusedtocontinue进阶练习6.Heconvincedthepolicedepartment__________(allow)him____________(set)upacoupleof“chatbenches”intwooftheirlocalparks.(天津7月卷)7.Theyaresaid_________________(study)psychologynow.8.Mary’ssister，FrancesToddWallace，oftencameover____________(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.(2021·浙江6月卷)toallowtosettobestudyingtoplant进阶练习1.（2023新高考I卷）Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether__________(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),ortoputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.2.（2023新高考I卷）Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem__________(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.3.（2023全国甲卷）Forthousandsofyear