Unit5ADelicateWorldUnderstandingIdeas课件高中英语外研版选择性

LeadinLookatthepictureandanswerthequestions.Whatanimalscanyouseeinthepicture?Whatkindofchangeswouldtakeplace

ifcats,ratsandrabbitswereintroducedtoanenvironmentlikethis? Penguins.Question:

Whatwillhappenifalltheseanimalsareputintheisland?＋Ithinktheislandwillbe_______.nativeinhabitantsnon-nativeinhabitants=crowded拥挤的destroyed毁掉的damaged受损的chaotic

混乱的...ReadthepassageandfindoutwhathappenedtoMacquarie/məˈkwɒri/Island麦夸里岛.Task1.Readthetitleandpredictthemainideaofthepassage.MacquarieIsland:

fromChaos

to

Conservation/'keɪɒs/n.混乱；紊乱/kɒnsə'veɪʃn/n.（对自然环境的）保护n.

astateofcompleteconfusionandlackofordern.

protectionofthenaturalenvironmentPara.1Para.3Para.4Para.6Task2:Readforthemainideaofeachparagraphand

thepassagestructure.a.Thebigproblembroughtbyhumans.b.ThelocationandnaturalcharacteristicsofMacquarie//məˈkwɒri/

Island.c.Rabbitsmultiplied/ˈmʌltɪplaɪd/andcausedsoilerosion/ɪˈrəʊʒn/侵蚀andincreasing.d.Peopletriedtotackle/ˈtækl/theproblembutfailed.e.Theauthoristryingtotackletheproblem.f.ThesituationonMacquarieIslandwasgettingworse.Para.2Para.5PartⅠAnintroductiontotheisland.PartⅡThetragicstoryofthenativespecies.PartⅢTheprogrammetorecovertheecology.PartⅠAnintroductiontotheisland.ReadfordetailslocationshapelandscapeinhabitantsintheSouth-westPacificocean,halfwaybetweenAustraliaandAntarctica.longandthingreengrassandbarerockcontrastdramatically,givingitawildandnaturalbeauty.royalpenguins,kingpenguinsandelephantseals?liveinperfectharmonywiththeirnaturalhabitat...butnow?1.FindthedetaileddescriptionofMacquarie/məˈkwɒri/

islandinparagraph1.strongwindsandstormyseasWorldHeritageSite世界遗产地Q1:WhereisMacquarie/məˈkwɒri/

Islandlocatedaccordingtothetext?A.Inthenorth-westPacificOcean,nearAustralia.B.Inthesouth-westPacificOcean,halfwaybetweenAustraliaandAntarctica.C.BetweentheAtlanticOceanandtheIndianOcean.D.NeartheArcticCircle,closetoAntarctica.定位原文(第一段第一句)“IamstandingonMacquarie/məˈkwɒri/Island,intheSouth-westPacificOcean,halfwaybetweenAustraliaandAntarctica.”解题技巧：细节题通常可以通过题干中的专有名词（如MacquarieIsland）快速定位到原文，对比选项与原文的关键词（如地理位置、数字等）即可得出答案。本题直接考查文章细节。定位首句可发现，文中明确指出麦夸里岛位于西南太平洋，且处于澳大利亚和南极洲之间。选项B完全匹配原文描述。Q2:WhatmakesMacquarieIslandhaveawildandnaturalbeauty?A.Thewarmclimateandsoftbeaches.B.Thelong,thinshapeshapedbywindsandseas.C.Thegreengrassandbarerockformingasharpcontrast.D.Thelargenumberofhumanvisitors.定位原文(第一段第三句)Thegreengrassandbarerockofitslandscapecontrastdramatically,givingitawildandnaturalbeauty.”解析：细节理解题。本题询问麦夸里岛野性自然美的成因。定位到第一段第三句，原文明确指出是“绿草与光秃岩石形成的强烈反差”造就了这种美。A、B、D选项均非文中提及原因。核心考点：同义替换(Paraphrase)——原文"contrastdramatically"对应选项C"formingasharpcontrast"。WhathappenedtoMacquarieIslandbefore1970saccordingtopara.2-3?AtragicstoryHumansarrivedontheisland.unknowinglybroughtbroughtattackeatcontroldevelopanappetiteDieoutMeanwhile,rabbitswereintroducedtotheislandasasourceoffoodforhumans.multipliedquicklyeatthenativevegetationdiggingholescausesoilerosionmorerabbitsmeansmorecatshuntingQ3:WhendidthetragicstoryofMacquarieIslandbegin?A.In1810.B.In1891.C.Inthe1970s.D.In2006.细节理解题|定位原文第二段第二句：Itisatragicstorythatbeganin1810whenhumansarrivedontheisland.解析思路本题询问悲剧故事的开始时间。定位到第二段第二句，明确指出故事始于1810年人类登岛之时。其他选项为干扰项（1891年鹦鹉灭绝、1970s建保护区、2006年企鹅死亡）。

Q4:Whatanimaldidhumansunknowinglybringtotheislandin1810?A.Rabbits.B.Cats.C.Ratsandmice.D.Parakeets.定位原文：第二段第三句："Intheirshipstheyunknowinglybroughtratsandmice."解析思路：定位句明确指出人类无意间带入的是“ratsandmice”。兔子和猫是后来被引入的，长尾小鹦鹉是本土物种，均与题意不符。Q4.HowdidratsandmicegettoMacquarieIsland?A．Onpurpose.B．Byaccident.C．Theycamebythemselves.D．Theywerethere.Consolidation[kənˌsɒlɪˈdeɪʃn]Q4Whichofthefollowinganimalsweren’tbroughttotheislandbyhumans?A．Parakeets[ˈpærəkiːts].B．Cats.C．Mice. D．Rabbits.Q5:WhywerecatsbroughttoMacquarieIsland?A.Tokeephumanscompany.B.Tocontrolratsandmice.C.Tohuntrabbits.D.Toprotectbirds.细节理解题，定位原文第二段倒数第二句：Catswerebroughttotheislandtocontroltheratsandmice.解题思路：本题询问猫被带到岛上的原因。定位到原文关键句，明确指出目的是“controltheratsandmice”（控制鼠患）。A、C、D选项均与原文信息不符。Q6:WhatanimalnativetoMacquarieIslanddiedoutin1891?A.Royalpenguins.B.Kingpenguins.C.Elephantseals.D.Parakeets[ˈpærəkiːts].细节理解题，定位原文：第三段最后一句：…parakeetsoncelargeinnumberandnativetotheisland,diedoutin1891.解析：本题询问1891年灭绝的本土动物。定位原文明确指出是“parakeets”（长尾小鹦鹉）。企鹅和象海豹是本土动物，但并未在1891年灭绝。Q7:Theunderlinedword“multiplied”inParagraph4probablymeans______.A.decreasedB.increasedrapidlyC.disappearedD.changed词义猜测题，定位原文第四段第二句：Looseontheisland,theydidwhatrabbitsdobest—theymultipliedrapidlyandbeganeatingthenativevegetation...解析思路根据上下文，“theydidwhatrabbitsdobest”（它们做了兔子最擅长的事）以及后文的“explodingrabbitpopulation”（兔子数量爆炸式增长），可以推断出“multiplied”的意思是“快速繁殖、数量激增”，即“increasedrapidly”。Q8:Theunderlinedphrase“soilerosion[ɪˈrəʊʒn]”inParagraph4probablyrefersto______.A.theprocessofsoilbeingwornawaybywaterorwindB.thegrowthofplantsinthesoilC.thepollutionofthesoilbychemicalsD.thehardeningofthesoilsurface词义猜测题定位：第四段第二句：...diggingholes,whichcausedsoilerosion.解析思路本题考查词义猜测。“soilerosion”是固定搭配，意为“土壤侵蚀”。兔子挖洞破坏了地表植被，导致土壤容易被水或风侵蚀、流失。因此，正确答案是A。ItbecameanofficialnaturereserveWiththisgoalinmind,aviruswasreleasedThelastcatwascaughtin2000.themouseandratpopulationincreased…1970s1980s-20002006Thisincidentmadeitclearthattheproblemneededsolving.Rabbitswerereduced,butinconsequencecatskilledmorebirds.Trapsanddogswereused...WhathappenedtoMacquarieIslandafterthe1970s?Therabbitscaused...（10000）

Q9:Whatdidexpertsdotocontroltherabbitsinthe1970s?A.Theykilledthemwithguns.B.Theyreleasedavirus[ˈvaɪrəs].C.Theycaughtthemwithtraps.D.Theyuseddogstohuntthem.细节理解题，定位原文：第五段第三句："Withthisgoalinmind,aviruswasreleasedontotheisland."解析：本题询问20世纪70年代专家控制兔子的方法。定位到第五段第三句，明确指出专家“releasedavirus”（投放了一种病毒）。因此，正确答案是B。使用陷阱和狗是后来用来抓猫的方法。核心词汇：virus(病毒),release(释放),control(控制),trap(陷阱)Q9.Whichwaywasmentionedtoremovetherabbits?A．Usingtrapsanddogs.B．Raisingmorecats.C．Releasingavirusontotheisland.D．Killingthem.Q10:Howdidthevirusaffecttherabbitpopulation?A.Itkilledalltherabbitsatonce.B.Itreducedthenumberfrom130,000toaround10,000.C.Ithadnoinfluenceonrabbits.D.Itmaderabbitsgrowfaster.题型：细节理解题,定位原文：第五段第四句：Butalthoughtheviruscausedtherabbitpopulationtodecreasefrom130,000toaround10,000...解析Analysis：本题询问病毒对兔子数量的影响。定位到第五段第四句，明确指出病毒使兔子数量从13万减少到约1万。因此，正确答案是B。A选项“一次性杀死所有兔子”与原文不符。Q11:Whydidcatshuntmorebirdsaftertheviruswasreleased?A.Becausethereweremorebirds.B.Becausetherewaslessfoodfromrabbits.C.Becausehumansencouragedthem.D.Becausethevirusmadecatshungry.推理判断题,定位原文：第五段第四、五句：...italsomeantlessfoodforthecats.Thecatsinconsequenceturnedtheirattention—andtheirstomachs—backtothenativebirds...解析：本题考查推理判断。病毒导致兔子数量减少，这意味着猫的食物来源减少了。因此，猫转而捕食鸟类。这是一个因果逻辑推理。所以正确答案是B。Q12：WhenwasthelastcatonMacquarieIslandcaught?A.Inthe1980s.B.In2000.C.In2006.D.In2014.细节理解题，定位原文，第五段最后一句：ThelastMacquarieIslandcatwascaughtin2000.Q13:Whatdoesthesaying“Whilethecat'saway,themicewillplay”meaninthetext?A.Catslikeplayingoutside.B.Withoutcats,micewillincreasequickly.C.Miceareafraidofcats.D.Catsandmicecanliveinpeace.句意理解题，定位原文，“Butasthesayinggoes,'Whilethecat'saway,themicewillplay.'Withthedeparture[dɪˈpɑːtʃə(r)]ofthecatsfromtheisland,themouseandratpopulationstartedtoincrease.”解析思路，文中引用这句俗语后，紧接着解释了其含义：猫离开后，鼠类数量开始增加。因此，这句俗语在文中的意思是“没有了猫，老鼠就会迅速增多”。WhathappenedtoMacquarieIslandafter2006?MissionMeasuresThefirststepinvolvespoisonbeingdroppedfromhelicopters.Thenextstepistoremovethelastremaininginvadingspecies,andthat’swhere“I”comein-withmydog.Toparticipateintheprogrammeto

tackle

thisveryproblem.Q14:Whydidtherabbitpopulationexplodeagainaftertheviruswasreleased?A.Theyfoundanewfoodsourceontheisland.B.Theydevelopedanimmunity[ɪˈmjuːnəti]tothevirus.C.Thecatsstoppedhuntingthemcompletely.D.Theweatherontheislandbecamemoresuitableforthem.细节理解题定位原文：第六段第四句：Itturnedoutthattheydevelopedanimmunitytothevirus,andtheirnumbersexplodedonceagain.,解析：本题询问兔子数量再次激增的原因。定位到第六段第四句，明确指出是因为兔子“developedanimmunitytothevirus”（对病毒产生了免疫力）。因此，正确答案是B。Q15:Theunderlinedword“immunity”inParagraph6probablymeans______.A.astrongdislikeB.theabilitytoresistadiseaseC.alackofinterestD.theabilitytoadapttochanges词义猜测题,定位原文：第六段第四句：Itturnedoutthattheydevelopedanimmunitytothevirus..本题考查词义猜测。“immunitytothevirus”指的是对病毒的“免疫力”，即抵抗疾病的能力。因此，正确答案是B。.Q16:Whatcausedalargenumberofpenguinstodiein2006?A.Ratsattackedthem.B.Catshuntedthem.C.Rabbits’diggingcausedlandcollapse[kəˈlæps].D.Aseriousstormhittheisland.细节理解题,定位原文：第六段第五句Then,in2006,therabbitsdiggingcausedsomelandtocollapseandkilledasubstantialnumberofpenguins.明确指出是“兔子挖洞导致土地坍塌”造成企鹅死亡，与选项C完全匹配。解题技巧：对于细节理解题，一定要回到原文中寻找对应句子，注意同义词替换（如digging对应collapse的原因）。不要凭常识主观臆断，原文是唯一依据。Q17:Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?A.Atouristvisitingtheisland.B.Amemberoftherescueprogrammewithdogs.C.Ahistorianwritingtheisland’shistory.D.Ascientiststudyingthevirus.题型：推理判断题,定位原文，第七段：So,IamhereonMacquarieIslandtoparticipateintheprogramme...andthat’swhereIcomein—withmydogs.解析思路：本题考查推理判断。作者在文中提到自己来到岛上是为了“参与拯救项目”，并且带着“训练过的狗”来寻找最后残存的入侵物种。由此可以推断，作者是救援项目的一员。因此，正确答案是B。Q18.Whatweredogstrainedtodo?A．Howtodroppoisonfromhelicopters.B．Howtoremovethelastremaininginvasivespecies.C．Givetheislandahappyending.D．Findeverypreywithoutharmingthelocalanimals.Q19:WhathappenedtoMacquarieIslandin2014?A.Itwasdamagedseriouslyagain.B.Itwasdeclaredpest-freeanditsecology[iˈkɒlədʒi]begantorecover.C.Morepestswereintroduced.D.Therescueprogrammewasgivenup.,细节理解题,定位原文：In2014,MacquarieIslandwasdeclaredpest-freeandtheisland'secologyisfinallyontheroadtorecovery.解析：本题询问2014年麦夸里岛发生了什么。定位到文末的附言，明确指出该岛在2014年被宣布“无有害生物”，生态开始恢复。因此，正确答案是B。注意文章中的时间节点（如2014）和关键状态词（如pest-free,recovery）是解题的关键信号。Q20:Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.TointroducethebeautifulsceneryofMacquarieIsland.B.Totellthestoryofecological[ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl]damageandrestoration[ˌrestəˈreɪʃn]andcallforprotection.C.Toteachreadershowtoprotectinvasivespecies.D.Todescribethelivinghabitsofpenguinsandseals.文章先描绘麦夸里岛的美景，继而叙述人类引入入侵物种导致的生态灾难，随后讲述人类修复生态的努力与成功恢复。全文核心在于讲述这一破坏与修复的故事，并呼吁保护生态环境。【排除干扰】：A仅为引子；C与主旨相反；D仅为部分内容。

解题技巧：把握文章脉络（美景引入→灾难发生→修复成功），识别作者呼吁意图。Choosetheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage.1

ToanalysehowMacquarieIslandwassavedfromdestruction.2

Toinformreadersof

thechaoscausedonMacquarieIslandbyhumans.3

Toentertainreaderswith

afunnystoryaboutwhathappenedonMacquarieIsland.4

Tosuggestwaysinwhichanecosystemcanbeprotected.Exercisein1810in1891inthe1970sinthe1980sin2006almost200yearsTheinfluenceisdeepandsevere.Whoisthechief(最主要的）invadingspecies?post-reading

...wehumansoweittotheislandtogiveitahappyending.(Whoeverstartedthetroubleshouldendit!)解铃还须系铃人Para6:

Itishumansthathavedamagedthe_______________oftheMacquarie/məˈkwɒri/islandanditishumans’_________tohelpitreturntonormal.ecosystem/balanceduty

Fromthepassageweknowthatjustbecauseofasmallevent,humanbeingshavepaidsuchahugeprice."Post-reading:Thinkandshare

Howcouldsimilarsituationsbeavoidedinthefuture?ClearWatersandLushMountainsareasValuableasGoldandSliver.XiJinpingToavoidsimilarsituationsinthefuture,weshould..._______shouldplayapartinprotectingtheenvironment.EveryoneOurcountryshould__________________Peopleshould___________________Theyshouldn’t__________________Asstudents,weshould__________________GroupworkAshighschoolstudents,wecan...plantmoreplantscollectwasteforrecyclingprevent

pouringwastewaterintoriver,lakeandfi