教学材料《导游情景英语》-Unit 11

【服务项目介绍】ServiceIntroductionNestledintheeastpartofAsiacontinentandwestbankofPacificOcean,Chinaisalargecountrywiththeterritoryof9.6millionsquarekilometers.ThecoastlineinmainlandChinastretches18000kilometersanditsoceanicareacovers4.73millionsquarekilometers,whichoffersthecaptivatingseascapeofChina.Chinaisalsoamultinationalcountrywith56ethnicminorities,eachofwhichhasitsowncharacteristiccustomsandtraditions.Chinaisalsoendowedwithdiversifiedterrain,wheremountain,plateauandbasinsareallavailable.ItistherichterrainsthatcreatethevariedlandscapesinChina.Chinaisalsoagreatcountrywithtime-honoredhistoryandprofoundculture,wherenumeroushistoricalsitesandculturerelicsareoffered.OurMissionistoprovidecustomerswithauthentictravelexperienceinChinaatacompetitiveprice.Weoffertourswithgreatattractions,authenticlocalrestaurantsandgoodqualityhotels.Therearenotouristtraps,hiddenfeesduringthejourneys.ToaimatbeingsincerelytravelguidesinChina,weputourselvesintoourcustomers’shoestoofferwonderfulandunforgettablejourneysinChina.【知识目标】AfterlearningthisUnit,youshouldlearnabout:Chineseculture【技能目标】AfterlearningthisUnit,youshouldlearntodo:1.learnChinesecultureand2.introduceChineseCulturetoforeigners【素质目标】AfterlearningthisUnit,youshouldlearntobe:familiarwithChinesecultureandserveyourforeigntourgroupkey:Task2.ListentothefollowingsentencesandchoosethecorrectChineseversions.1.A.西方的阳历更加与众不同的时尚，中国农历是以月亮的运转来确定的。B.与西方的阳历不同，中国农历是以月亮的运转来确定的。C.与西方的阳历不同的传统，中国农历是以月亮的运转来确定的。2.A.每一年以一个动物的名字命名或者说是一个“标记”，根据每年一个循环。这十二个动物分别是：鼠、牛、虎、兔、

龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗、猪。B.每一年由一个动物代表或者“标志”是按照每一个循环来的。这十二个动物分别是：鼠、牛、虎、兔、

龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗、猪。C.每一年由一个动物代表，每隔十二年进行一个循环。这十二个动物分别是：鼠、牛、虎、兔、

龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗、猪。3.A.我们通常以丰盛的合家宴和鞭炮来庆祝新年。除夕夜人们在家与家人和亲友共进晚餐。春节的第一天会给亲戚打电话拜年。B.我们通常以丰盛的合家宴和鞭炮来庆祝新年。除夕夜人们在家与家人和亲友共进晚餐。年初一就出去给亲戚拜年。C.我们通常以丰盛的合家宴和鞭炮来庆祝新年。除夕夜在家与家人和亲友共进晚餐。春节的第一天就出去给亲戚拜年。

4.A.很久以来，中国最盛大的节日就是春节，也就是中国年。B.在遥远的过去，中国最盛大的节日就是春节，也就是中国年。。C.很久以来，春节是中国最盛大的节日，中国年也是很有名。

5.A.让我看看。中国厨师做菜关注色、香、味俱全。B.让我想想。中国厨师做菜要求色、香、味俱全。C.让我想想。中国厨师做菜讲究色、香、味俱全。Key:A:HereistheForbiddenCity.Itismarvelousand____________breathtakingLook,theyellowtileslookedgorgeous.B:Yes.TheywereusedexclusivelyonImperialPalacesandbuildings.Inthe____________,juniorofficialsorordinarypeoplewerenot____________tousethem.That’swhyyoucanonlyseethemintheForbiddenPalace,the____________andotherImperialarchitecture.A:Isyellowtheonlycolorforthose____________?B:No,thereareothercolorssuchasgreen,blue,purpleandblack.Therewerestrict____________fortheuseofthetiles:yellowtilesforImperialPalacesandgreentilesforthehomesoftheEmperors’brothers.A:Soundinteresting!CouldyoutellmemoreaboutthecolorsinChineseculture?B:Thecolorsarerelatedtothefive____________thatmakeupourworld.Thoseelementsaremetal,wood,water,fireandearthandtheyarerepresentedbythecolorsofwhite,green,black,redandyellow.Eachelementisalsoinfluencedbythefourseasons.Redisasymbolof____________andapopularcolorinChineseculture.Itsymbolizesluck,happinessandjoy.Italsorepresentssummerseason.IfyouaredoingbusinessinChina,makeuseofbitofredin____________,butnottoomuch.YellowisasymbolofEarthandisanimperialcolorrepresenting____________,royaltyandprosperityintraditionalChinesecolorsymbolism.Itmainlyrepresentslatesummer.Buttoday,yellowissymbolicofpornographyin____________inChina.So,dobecarefulwhenusingyellow.Black,notblueasymbolofWater.BlackcolorinChinesecultureisassociatedwith____________,evil,disasters,sadnessandsuffering.WhiteisasymbolofMetalandalsopurityinChineseculture.However,insomeinstances,itisassociatedwith____________andisthecolorwornatfunerals.Blueisasymbolof____________andspring,immortalityandadvancement.A:Arethosetheoriesusedinanyofthemodernbuildings?B:Notmuch.Today，mostlandmarkbuildingsinBeijingaredesignedwithWesternelements.Theyseldomuseanyofthetraditionalcolors.A:IfBeijingusesthefive____________colorstodressupthecityitwilldefinitelylookveryimpressiveandbeautiful.ItwillalsofollowtheFiveColortheory.B:That’saninterestingthought.UnfortunatelythereisnowhiteinOlympiccolors,otherwiseitwouldbeaperfect____________totheFiveColors.Key:PartⅡSpeakingKey:

Key：Key：Task5.

Complete

the

following

dialogues

whilereadingaloud.BeijingOperaFacialMasks京剧脸谱A:Mr.Li,IhaveknownsomethingaboutPekingOperabeforeIcametoChina.BeijingOperaisthecreamoftheChineseculture.Assuch,ithasbecomeamust-seeitemtotheforeigners.ButIdon'tlikeitssingingstyle.___________________________________________（我更喜欢京剧的服饰和脸谱。）CouldwewatchthePekingOperaperformancetonight?B:Yes,wewillgotoChineseTheatertowatchtheperformanceasscheduled.A:CouldyoutellussomethingaboutPekingOpera.B:ItismypleasuretotellyoutheChineseCreams.Asatraditionalartform,itscostumesandfacialmasksaremoreattractive.Theyarecolorfulandmajestic.Differentstylesofcostumesareusedtoreflectthestatusofdifferentcharacters.Therearemoredecorationsinthecostumesofthenobles,whilethoseforthepoortendtobesimpleandlessornamental.Butthematerialsusedforallcostumesarethesame._________________________________________.（当今的时装设计师也会在他们的作品中加入传统京剧的元素。）A:Facialmaskscanreflectthequalitiesofdifferentcharacters.B:.___________________________________________（脸谱通过不同颜色刻画人物。）Therearehundredsofdifferentfacialmaskdesignsandeachcharacterhasitsowndesign.Forexample,GuanYuisaverywell-knownwarrior.Hisfacialmaskispaintedredbecauseredisacolorofloyaltyandcourage.A:Asthefolksayinggoes,“Allredcomplexionguysaregoodguys.”B:ThefacialmaskofSongDynastyEmperorZhaoKuangyindepictsadragontoshowhisimperialposition.AnotherheroisYangQilang.There’satigerinhisfacialmask_________________________________________（虎这个词表达了勇气和英勇。）A:Socolorsbecomeanimportantexpression.B:Yes.peoplecantellacharacterbythecolorsoftheirmasks.Ingeneral,whiteusuallystandsfortreachery,blackstandsforrighteousness,yellowstandsforbravery,blueandgreenrepresentrebelliousness.A:Ididn'trealizethatBeijingOpera'sfacialmasksaresocomplicated.AlthoughIcan'tbearitssingingstyle,IstillliketogotoaBeijingOperashow.I'llenjoythefacialmasks.B:Thenyoucanhavethebestofbothcultures.

PartⅢReadingPassageATeainChinaTheChinesehaveconsumedteaforthousandsofyears.Theearliestphysicalevidenceknowntodate,foundin2016,comesfromthemausoleumof

EmperorJingofHan

in

Xi'an,indicatingthatteawasdrunkbyHanDynastyemperorsasearlyasthe2ndcenturyBC.Peopleofthe

HanDynasty

usedteaasmedicine.Chinaisconsideredtohavetheearliestrecordsofteaconsumption,withpossiblerecordsdatingbacktothe10thcenturyBC.ThefirstknownreferencetoboilingteacamefromtheHandynastywork"TheContractforaYouth"writtenby

WangBao

where,amongthetaskslistedtobeundertakenbytheyouth,"heshallboilteaandfilltheutensilsand"heshallbuyteaatWuyang".Thefirstrecordofcultivationofteaalsodatedittothisperiod(Ganlueraof

EmperorXuanofHan)whenteawascultivatedonMengMountain(蒙山)near

Chengdu.FromtheTangtotheQingdynasties,thefirstleavesofteagrownherewerepickedeachspringandpresentedtotheemperor.Eventodayitsgreenandyellowteas,suchasthe

MengdingGanlutea,arestillsoughtafter.Laozi,theclassicalChinesephilosopher,wassaidtodescribeteaas"thefrothoftheliquidjade"andnameditanindispensableingredienttothe

elixiroflife.Duringthe

SuiDynasty

(589–618AD)teawasintroducedtoJapanby

Buddhist

monks.The

TangDynasty

writer

LuYu'sChaJing

isanearlyworkonthesubject.Accordingto

ChaJing

teadrinkingwaswidespread.Thebookdescribeshowteaplantsweregrown,theleavesprocessed,andteapreparedasabeverage.Italsodescribeshowteawasevaluated.Thebookalsodiscusseswherethebesttealeaveswereproduced.Teasproducedinthisperiodweremainly

teabricks

whichwereoftenusedascurrency,especiallyfurtherfromthecenteroftheempirewherecoinslosttheirvalue.Inthisperiod,tealeavesweresteamed,thenpoundedandshapedintocakeorbrickforms.DuringtheSongDynasty(960–1279),productionandpreparationofallteachanged.TheteaofSongincludedmanyloose-leafstyles,anditistheoriginoftoday'slooseteasandthepracticeofbrewedtea.Anewpowderedformofteaalsoemerged.Steamingtealeaveswastheprimaryprocessusedforcenturiesinthepreparationoftea.Afterthetransitionfromcompressedteatothepowderedform,theproductionofteafortradeanddistributionchangedonceagain.1.Sui2.Japan3.subject4.teadrinking5.Processed6.evaluated7.Produced8.teabricks9.currency10.center11.steamed12.shapedPassageBGreatThinkersinChinaChina’speriodofslavesocietydisintegratedanddisappearedduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriodafter700BC.Progressinproductivitybroughtaboutgreatchangesinsociallifeandpolitics.Differentschoolsofthoughtwereunprecedentedlyactive,formingasituationof“manyschoolsofthoughtcontendingwitheachother,”andpromotingscienceandculture.ThemajorschoolswerethoseoftheConfucianists,Moists,Taoists,Legalists,militarystrategists,Logicians,andPoliticalStrategists.Amongthem,theworksofsuchfamousthinkersandmilitarystrategistsasLaoZi,SunZiandSunWuarestillwidelycirculatedintheworldtoday.LaoZi,founderofTaoism,livedduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.HewasthetrueauthorofthebookDaoDeJing(TheBookofVirtue).Themajorityofscholarstendtobelievethatthebookreflectshisthinking.Headvocatedtheconceptsof“Greatsoundisrarelyheard”and“Greatimageshavenoforms”inaesthetics,.ThetheoryofLaoZiexertedagreatimpactonthedevelopmentofphilosophyinChina.Confucius(551-479BC)visitedvariousstatesduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriodandadvocatedhisideasonrightconduct.Laterhedevotedhisenergytoteachingbyopeningschoolsandenrollingsome3,000students.Itwassaidthatamongthem,seventy-twowerenotedscholarswhohelpedcompileancientbooksandputhisteachingsintothebooktitledTheAnalects.For2,000years,ConfucianismwasthedominatingforceinthefeudalsocietyofChina.SunWu,militarystrategistinthelateyearsoftheSpringandAutumnPeriod,helpedGeLu,kingoftheStateofWu,torealizehisambitions.Hisbook,TheArtofWar,istheearliestwritingonmilitarystrategiesintheworld.Someofthestrategiesinthebookarestillusefulformilitaryaffairsandevenenterprisemanagement,commercialcompetitionandsportscompetitiontoday.WangChong,outstandingmaterialistthinkerinChinesehistory,livedintheearlyyearsoftheEasternHanDynasty(25-220).HisDiscoursesWeighedintheBalanceisanancientphilosophicalworkthatexplainplainmaterialistthinking.Inthebook,hediscussesthematerialistconceptofnature,refutestheideaofghosts.DuringtheMingDynasty,progressivethinkerswithdemocraticcharacteristicsappearedonthestageofhistory,LiZhi(1527-1602)beingoneofthemostoutstandingrepresentativesinthisfield.HewasopposedtothedeificationofConfucius.Herefutedthefeudalclasssystem,opposedfeudalritesandadvocatedequalitybetweenmenandwomen.Histheoriesarousedofficialalarmandanger,andconsequentlyLiZhiwaspersecutedtodeath.Notes:1.LiZhi:李贽以孔孟传统儒学的“异端”而自居，对封建社会的男尊女卑、重农抑商、假道学、社会腐败、贪官污吏，大加痛斥批判，主张“革故鼎新”，反对思想禁锢。2.DiscoursesWeighedintheBalance:《论衡》一书为东汉王充（27-97年）所作，大约作成于汉章帝元和三年（86年），现存文章有85篇。

唯物主义者。Task2：MatchEnglishwithChineseSpringandAutumnPeriod 孙武Confucianists 王充Moists 墨家

Taoists 孔子legalists 法家militarystrategists 道家logicians 老子politicalstrategists 政治家LaoZ 理学家DaoDeJing 春秋时代Confucius 军事家TheAnalects 孙子兵法SunWu 道德经TheArtofWar 论语WangChong

儒家

SpringandAutumnPeriod 春秋时代Confucianists, 儒家Moists, 墨家Taoists, 道家Legalists 法家militarystrategists 军事家Logicians 理学家PoliticalStrategists 政治家LaoZi, 老子DaoDeJing 道德经Confucius 孔子TheAnalects. 论语SunWu 孙武TheArtofWar 孙子兵法WangChong

王充DiscoursesWeighedintheBalance 《论衡》LiZhi 李贽Task3：FillingtheblankswiththewoPartⅣWritingTask:ReadandFillinTravelInsuranceServicesPartⅤCareerAbilityBuilding职业素质培养ChinaChina,officiallythePeople'sRepublicofChina(PRC),istheworld'smostpopulousstate,withapopulationofover1.381billion.ThePRCisgovernedbytheCommunistParty,withitsseatofgovernmentinthecapitalcityofBeijing.Itexercisesjurisdictionover22provinces,fiveautonomousregions,fourdirect-controlledmunicipalities(Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,andChongqing),twomostlyself-governingspecialadministrativeregions(HongKongandMacau),andclaimssovereigntyovertheRepublicofChina(islandofTaiwan)offthesoutheastcoastofthemainland.Coveringapproximately9.6millionsquarekilometers,Chinaistheworld'ssecondlargeststatebylandarea,andeitherthethirdorfourth-largestbytotalarea,dependingonthemethodofmeasurement.China'slandscapeisvastanddiverse,rangingfromforeststeppesandtheGobiandTaklamakandesertsinthearidnorthtosubtropicalforestsinthewettersouth.TheHimalaya,Karakoram,PamirandTianShanmountainrangesseparateChinafromSouthandCentralAsia.TheYangtzeandYellowRivers,thethird-andsixth-longestintheworld,runfromtheTibetanPlateautothedenselypopulatedeasternseaboard.China'scoastlinealongthePacificOceanis14,500kilometres(9,000mi)long,andisboundedbytheBohai,Yellow,EastandSouthChinaSeas.Chinaisacradleofcivilization,withitsknownhistorybeginningwithanancientcivilization–oneoftheworld'searliest–thatflourishedinthefertilebasinoftheYellowRiverintheNorthChinaPlain.Formillennia,China'spoliti