广东省广州市2026届高三下学期二模英语试题 含解析

★启动前注意保密试卷类型：B2026年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（二）英语本试卷共10页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型（B）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。并在答题卡相应位置上填涂考生号。因笔试不考听力，试卷从第二部分开始，试题序号从”21”开始。2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheMaya(玛雅人)weregoodatmath.Theycountedingroupsof20,not10.Theywrotenumbersincolumnsgoingup.Thebottomrowwasthe“1s”column,thenextrowupwas20s,then400s,andsoon.Fordigits,theyusedadotfor1,alinefor5,andashellshapetoshowzero.Numbers1to19werewrittenwithacombinationoflinesanddots.Thenumber1209(three400s+no20s+nine1s)wouldlooklikethis:AMayavillagemightkeeparecordofthepumpkinstheyharvestedlikethis:TheMayaalsokeptthreedifferentcalendars.Thefirstdividedtheyearinto18monthsof20dayseach,plusashortmonthof5days.Theshortmonthwasbelievedtobeunlucky,atimewhenspiritswalked.Thesecondcalendarrepeatedevery260days.Thiswasusedtoplancelebrationsandpredictfuture.Thiscalendarcounted13monthsof20dayseach.Eachdatehaditsownsetof3symbols(day,month,andyear).Whentalkingabouteventslongago,theyusedacalendarcalledthe“longcount.”Thiscoveredabout5,125years.Year1onthiscalendarwas3114BCEonourcalendar.Eachcityandvillagehadacalendarkeeper,whowasinchargeofsayingwhentocelebrateholidaysandwhentoexpectrainorplantcrops.Butfarmerscouldprobablyalsotellthetimeoftheyearfromthesunandstars.1.HowmanypumpkinsdidtheMayavillageharvestaccordingtoFigure3?A.114. B.409. C.414. D.439.2.Whatcouldthe“longcount”calendarbeusedfor?A.Markingtheunluckydays. B.Recordingancientevents.C.Dividingtheyearinto18months. D.Predictingandmakingfutureplans.3.Whichlearningprojectwouldthistextbemostsuitablefor?A.DesignatravelplantotheMayaruinsB.WriteareportontheMayaagricultureC.GiveapresentationonMayaartisticsymbolsD.MakeaposterofMayascientificachievements【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【导语】文章主要介绍了玛雅人在数学和历法方面的成就，包括其二十进制计数系统、数字符号的表示方式以及三种不同用途的日历。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据玛雅计数规则，数字按从下到上的“1s、20s、400s”三列书写。最下方1s列：有4条线（每条代表5）和4个点（每个代表1），计算：4×5+4×1=24；中间20s列：是贝壳符号（代表0），即0×20=0；最上方400s列：有1个点（代表1），即1×400=400。将三列数值相加：400+0+14=414。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Whentalkingabouteventslongago,theyusedacalendarcalledthe‘longcount.’(在谈论很久以前的事情时，他们使用了一种叫做“长计数”的历法。)”可知，长计历是用于谈论很久以前发生的事件，即记录古代历史事件。【3题详解】推理判断题。文章通篇讲述玛雅人的二十进制数学系统、数字符号写法以及三种日历（科学历法），这都属于古代文明的科学成就范畴。因此该文本最适合用于制作关于“玛雅科学成就”的海报。BWhenMiaWoodsretiredat61,sheknewsheneededaplan.“Iwasworriedaboutlosingmyidentityasaprofessional.WhatelsecanIbe?”shethought.Theyearbefore,shehadbeentoldshehadamildmemoryproblem.“IwastryingtoshowmyselfthatIcouldstillthinkandbecreative,”shesays.Soshedecidedtodo—ratherthanbe—somethingnew:bakeapieeverydayforayearandgiveeachpieaway.“Itmademereachouteverydaytosomebody,soIwouldn’tbealone.Anditgavemearoutine,”shesays.Shebakedherfirstpieandgaveittoher88-year-oldaunt,Carol.Asateenager,Miahadmovedinwithheraunt’sfamilywhenhermotherbecameill.“Theygavemestability...Itwastheperfectfirstpie,”shesays.Shewentongivingpiestoformercolleagues,groceryclerks,evenahomelessman.Aswordspread,shegotknownas“thepielady”.Formorethan30years,Miahadworkedasacityplanner.“I’maplannerbynature,trainingandprofession.WhatIreallylikedaboutitwasthatplanningtakestime,chaos,manydifferentcomponents,putsthemalltogetherandmakesthemintosomethingmanageable.”Sheseesthesameinbakingpies:“Youtakeabunchofingredientsandcreatesomethingoutofthem.”Twelveyearson,Miahascontinuedtoinventnewprojects,includingwritingaletteraday,andpaintingpicturesofherlocalsky.Sheiswritingabookaboutthepieexperience.Butshehaslearnedmorethanbaking.“WhatreallycameoutofitwastheunderstandingthatIwassomeonewhocoulddonewthings,”shereflects.“Andmyprofessionalidentitywasn’tcriticaltowhoIam.”“Evennow,afterIhaveanencounterwithsomebody,Ithink:‘There’sapersonIwishIcouldgiveapieto.’”saysMia.4.WhatwasMia’sworrywhensheretired?A.Herseriousmentalproblem. B.Herbeingcutofffromothers.C.Havingnoidentitybeyondcareer. D.Havingtochangeherdailyroutine.5.WhydidMiagiveherfirstpietoheraunt?A.ShehadgivenMiaahome.B.ShehadcaredforMia’smum.C.Shewastheoldestinthefamily.D.ShehadbuiltMia’sstablecharacter.6.WhatdocityplanningandbakingpieshaveincommonaccordingtoMia?A.Bothrequireprofessionaltraining. B.Bothmakesenseofmixedelements.C.Bothcreatesomethingoutofnothing. D.Bothconnectpeoplewithoneanother.7.WhatisMia’sreflectiononherexperience?A.Everyoneintheworlddeservesapie.B.Newchallengesredefinewhoweare.C.Openinguptochangestakescourage.D.Simpleactscanbringpeopletogether.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.B【解析】【导语】文章主要讲述了退休城市规划师米娅·伍兹为应对退休后可能失去职业身份认同的焦虑，通过每天烤一个派并送给他人这一日常行动，重新认识自我价值、建立生活秩序并延续创造力的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段““Iwasworriedaboutlosingmyidentityasaprofessional.WhatelsecanIbe?”shethought.(“我担心自己作为专业人士的身份会丧失。那我还能做些什么呢？”她这样想。)”可知，她退休时的担忧是失去职业身份，害怕除了职业身份之外自己不知还能成为什么样的人。选项C“Havingnoidentitybeyondcareer(除了职业之外没有其他身份认同)”与此直接对应。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Shebakedherfirstpieandgaveittoher88-year-oldaunt,Carol.Asateenager,Miahadmovedinwithheraunt’sfamilywhenhermotherbecameill.“Theygavemestability...Itwastheperfectfirstpie,”shesays.Shewentongivingpiestoformercolleagues,groceryclerks,evenahomelessman.Aswordspread,shegotknownas“thepielady”.(她做了第一个馅饼，并送给了她88岁的姑妈卡罗尔。在十几岁的时候，米娅曾因母亲生病而搬到了姑妈家。那时的姑妈家给了她一种稳定的环境……把第一个馅饼送给姑妈是最合适的选择。她继续把馅饼送给以前的同事、杂货店店员，甚至一个无家可归的人。随着消息的传播，她被称为“馅饼女士”。)”可知，米娅年少时因母亲生病而搬去与姨妈一家同住，姨妈家为她提供了稳定的家庭环境。她把第一个派送给姨妈，是因为姨妈曾给予她一个家、一份依靠，这符合选项A“ShehadgivenMiaahome(她曾给米娅一个家)”的表述。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段““I’maplannerbynature,trainingandprofession.WhatIreallylikedaboutitwasthatplanningtakestime,chaos,manydifferentcomponents,putsthemalltogetherandmakesthemintosomethingmanageable.”Sheseesthesameinbakingpies:“Youtakeabunchofingredientsandcreatesomethingoutofthem.”(“我天生就是个规划师，这是我的训练和职业。我真正喜欢的是规划工作，规划需要时间，它要把混乱和众多不同的要素整合起来，使之变得井然有序。”她在烘焙馅饼时也发现了同样的道理：“你将各种食材混合在一起，就能创造出新的成果。”)”可知，通过米娅的类比，两者的共同之处在于都是将纷繁杂乱的不同元素组合成有序、有意义的整体，即选项B“Bothmakesenseofmixedelements(两者都让混合的元素变得有条理)”。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““WhatreallycameoutofitwastheunderstandingthatIwassomeonewhocoulddonewthings,”shereflects.“Andmyprofessionalidentitywasn’tcriticaltowhoIam.”(最重要的是，这件事让我明白自己能够尝试新事物，”她回忆道，“而且我的职业身份并不决定我的本质。”)”可知，她通过尝试新事物认识到自己有能力应对改变，并重新定义了自我价值，不局限于职业身份。这体现了选项B“Newchallengesredefinewhoweare(新挑战重新定义了我们是谁)”的内涵。CPeoplemightnotrealizethatonebasiclifenecessityhasslippedfromtheircontrol:meals.Withtheriseofonlineplatforms,peopleenjoythefreedomtogetanythingquicklyandatareasonableprice.However,foodwriterChenYuhuiarguesinherbookWhoDecidesWhattoEatthatthisconveniencehasrobbedpeopleoftheirautonomyoverfood,reflectingagreaterlossofcommunitylifeinaresult-drivensocietythatprioritizesefficiency.“Manypeopledon’trealizehowoftentheirdiningchoicesaremadeforthem,”Chensays.Forinstance,aboss’srequestforovertimechangestheirdinnerplans;orarestaurantdiscountofferinfluenceswheretheyeat.These,sheexplains,arepassivechoices.Chencitesanothercommoncomplaint:tomatoesthattasteplaincomparedtochildhoodmemories.Thisrevealsadeeperloss—commerciallydominant,hard-skinnedvarietiesare“morefittingforlong-distancetransportation,”sacrificingflavorandthecommunitylifeoncebuiltaroundfreshmarkets.Chenalsoworriesaboutthedeclineofpeople’sabilitytochoosefoodwisely.Youngpeoplebuyingredientsonlinewithoutmarketexperienceandmaythinkplainfoodisjusthowit’ssupposedtobe.Chenfurthernotesthatonlinefoodimagesare“zombie-like”—theyshowlifelessfood,unlikethefreshproduceinmarkets,andthislimitspeople’simaginationaboutfood.However,whenshesharestipsonselectingfreshproduceinmarkets,sheoftengetsrequestsforshoppinglinksinstead.Chenconnectstheseattitudestoabroadermindset:“Buyinggroceriesandcookinginvolveacertainlevelofacceptanceofmistakes.Yetmanytodayseemtohavelittlepatiencewiththem.”Thefocusonresultsmakesdeliveryappealing,aspeoplebelieveitguaranteesabetteroutcome.Beyondthelossofautonomy,Chenseessomethingdeeperinfood—it’samicrocosmforunderstandingtheworld.“Ifyoulovetomatoesbutfindthemplain,doyoucomplainorinvestefforttofindflavorfulones?Searchingfortherightvarietyshowsdifferentproblem-solvingabilities,whichiswhatImeanbyfoodbeingthesmallestunitforunderstandingtheworld,”sheconcludes.8.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlyintroduce?A.Advancesinfoodtechnology. B.Thehiddencostoffoodconvenience.C.Changinghabitsofdiningout. D.Thepopularityofonlinefoodshopping.9.WhatdoesChenmeanbydescribingonlinefoodimagesas“zombie-like”?A.Theylooktooperfecttobereal.B.Theydiscourageinterestincooking.C.Theypushpeopletoordertakeout.D.Theyfailtoshowrealandlivelyfood.10.Whatdoespeople’spreferencefordeliveryreveal?A.Theirdesiretoavoiduncertainty.B.Theirover-relianceontechnology.C.Theirviewofcookingasaburden.D.Theirseparationfromfoodsources.11.Whatmessagedoesthetextwanttoconvey?A.Returningtomarketscanrestorefoodautonomy.B.Thelossoffoodflavorisunavoidablenowadays.C.Onlineplatformshavechangedpeople’slifestyle.D.Ourrelationshipwithfoodmirrorsourworldview.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.D【解析】【导语】文章主要讲的是食物作家陈玉慧认为在线订餐便利剥夺了人们的饮食自主权，并反映出效率优先的社会中社区生活的丧失，食物是理解世界的最小单位。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Peoplemightnotrealizethatonebasiclifenecessityhasslippedfromtheircontrol:meals.Withtheriseofonlineplatforms,peopleenjoythefreedomtogetanythingquicklyandatareasonableprice.However,foodwriterChenYuhuiarguesinherbookWhoDecidesWhattoEatthatthisconveniencehasrobbedpeopleoftheirautonomyoverfood,reflectingagreaterlossofcommunitylifeinaresult-drivensocietythatprioritizesefficiency.(人们或许并未意识到，生活中的一项基本必需品已经脱离了他们的掌控：那就是食物。随着网络平台的兴起，人们能够以合理的价格迅速获得任何所需物品。然而，美食作家陈玉慧在其著作《谁来决定吃什么》中指出，这种便利性剥夺了人们对食物的自主选择权，反映出在一个注重效率、结果导向的社会中，社区生活出现了更大的缺失。)”可知，本段先指出人们未察觉饮食自主权丧失，随后引用陈玉慧观点，指出外卖平台便利背后隐藏的代价——剥夺了人们的自主权，反映社会注重效率而牺牲社区生活。选项B“食物便利的隐性代价”准确概括此意。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段“theyshowlifelessfood,unlikethefreshproduceinmarkets,andthislimitspeople’simaginationaboutfood.(它们展示的是毫无生机的食物，不像市场上的新鲜农产品那样有活力，这限制了人们对食物的想象。)”可知，这些图片展示的是没有生气的食物，与市场上鲜活的农产品形成对比。D项“它们未能展现真实而鲜活的食物”与此一致。【10题详解】推理判断题。文中倒数第二段“Buyinggroceriesandcookinginvolveacertainlevelofacceptanceofmistakes.Yetmanytodayseemtohavelittlepatiencewiththem.(购买食品和烹饪涉及一定程度的对错误的接受。然而，如今很多人似乎对这些不太有耐心。)”可知，买菜做饭需接受一定犯错可能性，但人们缺乏耐心，注重结果导向使得外卖更受欢迎，因其看似保证更好结果。这反映出人们渴望避免不确定性。A项“他们避免不确定性的愿望”符合文意。【11题详解】推理判断题。文章最后一段“Beyondthelossofautonomy,Chenseessomethingdeeperinfood—it’samicrocosmforunderstandingtheworld.“Ifyoulovetomatoesbutfindthemplain,doyoucomplainorinvestefforttofindflavorfulones?Searchingfortherightvarietyshowsdifferentproblem-solvingabilities,whichiswhatImeanbyfoodbeingthesmallestunitforunderstandingtheworld,”sheconcludes.(除了失去自主权之外，陈还从食物中看到了更深层次的东西——它是一个理解世界的缩影。“如果你喜欢西红柿但觉得它们味道平淡，你会抱怨还是会努力去寻找味道更好的品种呢？寻找合适的品种体现了不同的解决问题的能力，这就是我所说的食物是理解世界最小的单位的原因。”她总结道。)”可知，食物是理解世界的微小单位，人与食物的关系反映了世界观。D项“我们与食物的关系映射我们的世界观”准确传达此信息。DChinesescientistshavedevelopedanewrefrigerationmethodthatsolvesalong-standingchallengeincoolingtechnology.PublishedinNature,thestudyrespondstorisingenergydemandsinapplicationsrangingfromfoodpreservationtodatacentercooling.Traditionalvapor-compressionsystemsconsumevastamountsofelectricityandrelyonharmfulrefrigerants.InChina,refrigerationaccountsfornearly20%ofthenation’selectricityuseand7.8%ofitscarbonemissions(碳排放).Whilesolid-statecoolingavoidsharmfulgases,itsuffersfrompoorheattransfer,limitingitsreal-worldapplication.LedbyProfessorLiBingfromtheChineseAcademyofSciences,theresearchteamovercamethisbycombiningsolidcoolingeffectswithliquidflow.Theyusedacommon,non-toxicsaltwhosedissolution(溶解)inwaterabsorbslargeamountsofheat.Conversely,applyingpressurecausesthesalttocomeoutandreleaseheat.Cyclingthispressureachievescontinuouscooling.“Unliketraditionalsolidmethods,whereheatmovesslowly,oursystemintegratestherefrigerantandheat-transfermediumintoasingleliquid,”Lisaid.“Thissolvesthe‘impossibletriangle’—achievinglowpollution,strongcooling,andfastheattransferallatonce.”Labtestsshowedatemperaturedropofnearly30°Cinjust20secondsatroomtemperature,andupto54°Cathighertemperatures—significantlyoutperformingexistingsolidcoolers.Aprototypecycleachievedacoolingcapacityof67joulespergramwithnearly77%efficiency.Thesystemalsoprovedstable,reversible,andinstantlyresponsivetopressurechanges.“Thistechnologymovesbeyondtraditionalrefrigerationprinciples,”Liadded.“Byturningthecoolantintoafluid,itopensthedoortohigh-performance,zero-emissioncoolingforhomesandindustry.”Henotedthemethod’sstronghigh-temperatureperformancemakesitanidealcandidateforheatmanagementinnext-generationAIcomputingfacilities.Whileengineeringchallengesremain,especiallyinachievingrapidlyswitchablepressurecycles,theprinciplecouldbeadaptedtoothermaterialsfordiversecoolingneeds.12.Whatisthemainproblemwithtraditionalsolid-statecoolingsystems?A.Theytransferheatpoorly. B.Theyproduceharmfulgases.C.Theyfailathightemperature. D.Theyusetoomuchelectricity.13.Whatisthekeyinnovationofthenewcoolingmethod?A.Usingsaltinsteadofchemicalrefrigerants.B.Increasingpressureinsidetraditionalsystems.C.Replacingpressurecycleswithcontinuousflow.D.Combiningsolidcoolingwithliquidheattransfer.14.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“impossibletriangle”inthetext?A.Tohighlightthevalueofthenewsystem.B.Toillustratethedesignofthenewsystem.C.Toexplainwhyoldsystemsarestillinuse.D.Toshowthelimitationsofprevioussystems.15.WhatdoesLiBingseeasapromisingapplicationofthenewtechnology?A.Preservingfoodinsupplychains. B.Replacingtraditionalhomerefrigerators.C.CoolingfutureAIdatacenters. D.Achievingrapidlyswitchablepressurecycles.【答案】12.A13.D14.A15.C【解析】【导语】文章主要讲的是中国科学家开发出一种结合固体冷却效应与液体流动的新型制冷方法，解决了传统固态制冷技术传热效率低的核心难题，实现了低污染、强冷却和快速传热的平衡，并在实验室测试中展现出显著的温降性能与高能效比。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Whilesolid-statecoolingavoidsharmfulgases,itsuffersfrompoorheattransfer,limitingitsreal-worldapplication.(虽然固态冷却避免了有害气体的排放，但其传热效果不佳，限制了其在实际应用中的推广。)”可知，传统固态冷却系统的主要问题是它们散热效果不佳。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“LedbyProfessorLiBingfromtheChineseAcademyofSciences,theresearchteamovercamethisbycombiningsolidcoolingeffectswithliquidflow.(由中国科学院的李兵教授领导的研究团队通过将固态冷却效果与液体流动相结合克服了这一难题。)”和第四段““Unliketraditionalsolidmethods,whereheatmovesslowly,oursystemintegratestherefrigerantandheat-transfermediumintoasingleliquid,”Lisaid.(李教授表示：“与传统的固态方法不同，我们的系统将制冷剂和传热介质整合到了一种单一的液体中，这样热量的传递就变得迅速得多。”)”可知，创新在于将固态冷却效应与液态传热结合。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Thissolvesthe‘impossibletriangle’—achievinglowpollution,strongcooling,andfastheattransferallatonce.(这解决了‘不可能的三角形’问题——同时实现低污染、强冷却和快速散热。)”可知，此处引用这一概念是为了凸显新系统同时兼顾了以往技术难以兼得的三个优势，从而突出其创新价值与突破性。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Henotedthemethod’sstronghigh-temperatureperformancemakesitanidealcandidateforheatmanagementinnext-generationAIcomputingfacilities.(他指出，该方法在高温方面的出色表现使其成为下一代人工智能计算设施中热管理的理想选择。)”可知，这项新技术可以冷却未来的人工智能数据中心。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Confidenceisinfectious.Someonewhospeakswithtotalcertaintyismorelikelytoinspirethansomeonewhoishesitant.____16____Itfoundthatmoreconfidentletterswereassociatedwithmoresuccessfulcommercialco-operations.Confidence—evenoverconfidence—canalsoleadtohigherstatus.Ina2012study,MBAstudentswereaskedtotakeanonlinesurvey.Thequestionnaireaskedthemiftheyknewcertainnames,eventsandworksofart.____17____Attheendoftheterm,classmatesratedtheoverlyconfidentstudents—thosewhohadpickedthemostfictionalentries—asthemostinfluential.____18____Onestudyfoundthatoverconfidentbossesweremorelikelytobuyothercompanies.Thesepurchaseswerealsomorelikelytofail.AnotherpaperlookedatthelinkbetweenCEOs’confidenceandtheirearningforecasts.Researchersfoundthatbosseswithtoomuchself-beliefwereslowertoadjusttheirforecastswhentheywerewrong.____19____Thisleadstotwobroadsuggestionsformanagerstoreflecton.First,overconfidentpeopleneedclearrules.Anewspaperfoundthatpuffed-upbossesathigh-techfirmshadabetterrecordofmakingbreakthroughinnovationsiftheywerewatchedbypowerfulandexpertboards.Second,self-doubtersneedencouragementtofulfiltheirpotential.____20____Studiesshowedthatwhenpeoplewereremindedoftheirownpower,theyperformedbetterininterviewsandpresentations.Confidencecanbenatural.Itcanalsobestimulated.A.Theydidn’tknowthatsomeofthechoicesweremadeup.B.Astudyanalysedthelanguageusedinlettersfrominvestors.C.Simplyput,overconfidentbossesstayedwrongforalongertime.D.Overconfidentpeopletendtobepromotedtoleadershippositions.E.Asmuchasconfidencebringsrewards,however,italsobringsdanger.F.Therefore,expertssuggestcreatingamorerelaxingworkenvironment.G.Thissupportcancomefrommanagers,advisors,orevenfromthemselves.【答案】16.B17.A18.E19.C20.G【解析】【导语】文章主要探讨了自信的感染力与优势，同时指出过度自信带来的决策风险，并就管理者如何对待过度自信者和自我怀疑者提出了建议。【16题详解】空前“Confidenceisinfectious.Someonewhospeakswithtotalcertaintyismorelikelytoinspirethansomeonewhoishesitant.(自信是能够感染他人的特质。一个完全自信的人比一个犹豫不决的人更能激发他人。)”说自信具有感染力，肯定确信的人比犹豫的人更能鼓舞他人。空后出现“Itfoundthatmoreconfidentletterswereassociatedwithmoresuccessfulcommercialco-operations.(该研究发现，更自信的信件往往能促成更成功的商业合作。)”，其中Itfound表明前文应提到某项研究，且研究内容涉及letters。选项B“Astudyanalysedthelanguageusedinlettersfrominvestors.(一项研究分析了投资者信件中使用的语言。)”恰好引入一项分析投资者信件语言的研究，与后文moreconfidentletters完美衔接。【17题详解】空前“Ina2012study,MBAstudentswereaskedtotakeanonlinesurvey.Thequestionnaireaskedthemiftheyknewcertainnames,eventsandworksofart.(在2012年的一项研究中，商学院的学生们被要求完成一项在线调查。问卷询问他们是否知晓某些名字、事件和艺术作品。)”描述2012年研究中的问卷让MBA学生识别一些名字、事件和艺术品。空后“Attheendoftheterm,classmatesratedtheoverlyconfidentstudents—thosewhohadpickedthemostfictionalentries—asthemostinfluential.(学期结束时，同学们认为那些过于自信的学生——那些选出最多虚构条目的人——是最有影响力的。)”说学期末同学们将那些选了最多虚构条目的人评为最有影响力。由此可推，学生答题时并不知道部分选项是虚构的，选项A“Theydidn’tknowthatsomeofthechoicesweremadeup.(他们不知道其中的一些选择是虚构的。)”中的They指代前文的MBA学生，madeup与后文fictionalentries呼应，逻辑通顺。【18题详解】前两段讲自信（甚至过度自信）带来的积极影响，如更高地位。本段开头空白后“Onestudyfoundthatoverconfidentbossesweremorelikelytobuyothercompanies.Thesepurchaseswerealsomorelikelytofail.(一项研究发现，过度自信的老板更有可能收购其他公司。这些收购也更有可能失败。)”说研究发现过度自信的老板更可能收购其他公司，但这些收购更易失败。此处语义发生转折，从讲好处转向讲风险。选项E“Asmuchasconfidencebringsrewards,however,italsobringsdanger.(然而，尽管自信会带来回报，但它也带来危险。)”中的however体现转折，bringsdanger引出后文过度自信的负面后果，承上启下功能明确。【19题详解】空前“Researchersfoundthatbosseswithtoomuchself-beliefwereslowertoadjusttheirforecastswhentheywerewrong.(研究人员发现，过于自信的老板在预测出现错误时调整预测的速度更慢。)”说研究人员发现过度自信的CEO在预测出错时调整预测更慢。空白处位于段末，需对该研究发现进行总结或评述。选项“Simplyput,overconfidentbossesstayedwrongforalongertime.(简单来说，过度自信的老板会在错误上停留更长时间。)”C用Simplyput引出对前文内容的通俗概括，stayedwrongforalongertime正是slowertoadjusttheirforecastswhentheywerewrong的同义转述。【20题详解】空前“Second,self-doubtersneedencouragementtofulfiltheirpotential.(其次，自我怀疑者需要鼓励来充分发挥他们的潜力。)”给出第二条建议：自我怀疑者需要鼓励以发挥潜能。空后“Studiesshowedthatwhenpeoplewereremindedoftheirownpower,theyperformedbetterininterviewsandpresentations.Confidencecanbenatural.Itcanalsobestimulated.(有研究表明，当人们被提醒自己的力量时，他们在面试和演示中的表现会更好。自信可以是自然而然的。它也可以被激发。)”举例说当人们被提醒自身力量时，在面试和演讲中表现更好。可见空白处需衔接“鼓励”的来源或方式。选项G“Thissupportcancomefrommanagers,advisors,orevenfromthemselves.(这种支持可以来自经理、顾问，甚至来自他们自己。)”中的Thissupport回指前文的encouragement，并具体说明鼓励可来自谁，且evenfromthemselves自然引出后文remindedoftheirownpower。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Despitemysuccessfulcareer,performanceanxietyhasbeenmyconstantcompanion.Itfirststruckduringanexamatuniversity.Forthirtyminutes,mymindwentcompletelyblank,unableto____21____asinglewordfromthepaper.AlthoughI____22____recoveredandachievedadecentresult,theregretremained:whatifIhadn’t____23____?Yearslater,asaprofessional,Ifrequentlygave____24____.Usually,afewdeepbreathswouldcalmmynerves.However,oneday,whileheadingtoaddressstudentsonhowtoimprovelearningefficiency,I____25____thesubwayexit.Themistake____26____meprecioustime,andIrushedintothehalljustfiveminutesbeforethestart.Seeingtheaudiencealready____27____,Ifeltawaveofterrorwashingoverme.Thistime,thebreathingtechnique____28____.WhenIfinallybegantospeak,myvoiceshookuncontrollably.Inthat____29____moment,Imadeasuddendecision.Iadmittedmyfeartothestudents.Immediately,theireyesfilledwith____30____insteadofjudgment.Forthenexttenminutes,Isharedmystory,explainingthateveryonehasweaknessesthatmayneverbefully____31____.Itoldthemthatnooneisperfect,but____32____ourselvescanmakeusbetter.Thetwo-hoursessionendedwithunexpectedwarmth.Later,afriendmentionedhow____33____thestudentsweretotrythemethodsIshared.Iexplainedthatthesuccesslayinmy____34____interaction.Sometimes,whattrulytouchesheartsisnotaperfectspeech,butthe____35____toshareourrealselves.21.A.takein B.bringup C.lookfor D.sendout22.A.actually B.eventually C.quickly D.suddenly23.A.passed B.recovered C.panicked D.finished24.A.advice B.feedback C.lectures D.performances25.A.forgot B.found C.changed D.misjudged26.A.cost B.won C.bought D.spared27.A.bored B.seated C.chatting D.leaving28.A.helped B.mattered C.responded D.failed29.A.surprising B.desperate C.magical D.unforgettable30.A.anger B.doubt C.curiosity D.sympathy31.A.overcome B.forgiven C.understood D.neglected32.A.behaving B.describing C.accepting D.loving33.A.eager B.hesitant C.proud D.confused34.A.meaningful B.inspiring C.casual D.honest35.A.motivation B.courage C.technique D.determination【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.C25.D26.A27.B28.D29.B30.D31.A32.C33.A34.D35.B【解析】【导语】文章主要讲述了作者从大学考试时因紧张大脑空白无法理解试卷文字，到职业生涯中一次演讲因紧张失误后选择坦诚分享自身弱点，最终赢得听众共鸣与尊重的经历，揭示了接纳不完美、真诚面对自我的力量。【21题详解】考查动词。句意：整整三十分钟里，我的大脑一片空白，根本无法从试卷上读取一个字。A.takein吸收、理解；B.bringup提出、抚养、使想起；C.lookfor寻找；D.sendout发送、发出。根据前文“mymindwentcompletelyblank,”及后文“fromthepaper.”可知，此处描述作者面对试卷上的文字却无法理解其含义，信息输入环节出现障碍。takein有“理解、领会”之意，couldn’ttakeinasingleword为地道表达，意为“一个字也看不进去”。【22题详解】考查副词。句意：尽管最终我恢复了过来，并取得了不错的成绩，但那种遗憾依然存在：要是我当时没有惊慌失措会怎样呢？A.actually实际上；B.eventually最终；C.quickly快速地；D.suddenly突然地。前文“Forthirtyminutes,mymindwentcompletelyblank,”提到作者考试时前30分钟大脑空白无法理解试卷，后文“recoveredandachievedadecentresult”说恢复状态并取得不错成绩，这需要一个过程，强调经过一段时间后“最终”恢复，eventually符合时间逻辑。【23题详解】考查动词。句意：尽管最终我恢复了过来，并取得了不错的成绩，但那种遗憾依然存在：要是我当时没有惊慌失措会怎样呢？A.passed通过；B.recovered恢复；C.panicked惊慌失措；D.finished完成。第一段“Despitemysuccessfulcareer,performanceanxietyhasbeenmyconstantcompanion.”描述作者在考场上大脑空白的状态正是表现焦虑发作的表现，此处表达作者事后的遗憾：如果当时我没有惊慌失措该多好。【24题详解】考查名词。句意：多年以后，作为一名专业人士，我经常进行演讲。A.advice建议；B.feedback反馈；C.lectures讲座、演讲；D.performances表演、演出。根据后文“However,oneday,whileheadingtoaddressstudentsonhowtoimprovelearningefficiency,”可知，作者作为专业人士经常进行演讲或讲座。【25题详解】考查动词。句意：然而，有一天，在前往给学生们讲解如何提高学习效率的路上，我误判了地铁出口的位置。A.forgot忘记；B.found找到；C.changed改变；D.misjudged误判、判断错误。根据后文“rushedintothehalljustfiveminutesbeforethestart”可知，作者开场前五分钟才冲进大厅，结合语境应是在地铁出口处判断错了方向或位置，导致耽误时间。【26题详解】考查动词。句意：这个错误让我浪费了宝贵的时间，我在开始演讲的五分钟前才匆匆走进会场。A.cost花费、使付出代价；B.won赢得；C.bought买；D.spared抽出、饶恕。根据后文“andIrushedintothehalljustfiveminutesbeforethestart.”可知，这个错误耽误了作者的宝贵时间。costsb.precioustime“使某人付出宝贵时间的代价”是常见搭配。【27题详解】考查动词。句意：看到听众已经就座，我感到一阵恐惧袭来。A.bored感到无聊的；B.seated就座的、坐好的；C.chatting聊天；D.leaving离开。根据前文“andIrushedintothehalljustfiveminutesbeforethestart.”可知，作者冲进大厅时演讲即将开始，观众理应已经就座等候。【28题详解】考查动词。句意：这一次，呼吸技巧不再奏效。A.helped帮助、起作用；B.mattered要紧；C.responded回应；D.failed失败、不起作用。根据前文“Usually,afewdeepbreathswouldcalmmynerves”和后文描述“myvoiceshookuncontrollably”可知，作者声音控制不住地颤抖，可见这次呼吸技巧不起作用了。【29题详解】考查形容词。句意：在那个绝望的时刻，我突然做出了一个决定。A.surprising令人惊讶的；B.desperate绝望的、孤注一掷的；C.magical神奇的；D.unforgettable难忘的。根据前文“myvoiceshookuncontrollably”可知，作者极度紧张恐惧，声音颤抖，在这个绝望的时刻他做了一个突然的决定。【30题详解】考查名词。句意：立刻，他们的目光中充满了同情，而不是评判。A.anger愤怒；B.doubt怀疑；C.curiosity好奇；D.sympathy同情、理解。根据后文“insteadofjudgment.”可知，作者向学生承认自己的恐惧后，学生眼中流露出的不是评判而是理解与同情。【31题详解】考查动词。句意：接下来的十分钟里，我分享了自己的故事，解释说每个人都有可能永远无法完全克服的弱点。A.overcome克服；B.forgiven原谅；C.understood理解；D.neglected忽视。根据前文“Isharedmystory,explainingthateveryonehasweaknesses”可知，作者告诉学生人人都有弱点，有些弱点可能永远无法被完全克服。【32题详解】考查动名词。句意：我告诉他们，没有人是完美的，但接纳自己能够让我们变得更好。A.behaving表现；B.describing描述；C.accepting接受；D.loving爱。根据前文“Isharedmystory,explainingthateveryonehasweaknessesthatmayneverbefully

____.

”可知，作者认为要接纳不完美的自己。【33题详解】考查形容词。句意：后来，一位朋友提到学生们是多么渴望尝试我所分享的方法。A.eager渴望的、热切的；B.hesitant犹豫的；C.proud骄傲的；D.confused困惑的。根据后文“thestudentsweretotrythemethodsIshared”和“Iexplainedthatthesuccess”可知，学生们非常热切地去尝试作者分享的方法。【34题详解】考查形容词。句意：我解释说成功在于我真诚的交流。A.meaningful有意义的；B.inspiring鼓舞人心的；C.casual随意的；D.honest诚实的。根据前文“Iadmittedmyfeartothestudents.”可知，作者将演讲成功归因于自己坦诚的互动，因为他在台上诚实地分享了自己的恐惧与弱点。【35题详解】考查名词。句意：有时候，真正触动人心的并非完美的演讲，而是敢