广东省高州市高三上学期高三1月诊断性考试英语试题

高州市年高考诊断性考试英语全卷满分分，考试时间分钟。注意事项：．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将条形码在答题卡上的指定位置。．请按题号顺序在答题卡上各题目的答题区域内作答，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。．选择题用铅笔在答题卡上把所选答案的标号涂黑非选择题用黑色签字笔在答题卡上作答字体工整，笔迹清楚。．考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并上交。．本卷主要考查内容：高考范围。第一部分阅读共两节，满分分)第一节共小题每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、、、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHeritageistreasurefromthepast—whatwelivewithtodayandwhatwepassontofuturegenerations.preserveit,UNESCOsafeguardshundredsofnaturalandculturalHeritagesitesaroundtheworld.Hereare4Heritagesites:Foundedaccordingtolegend,byRomulusandRemusin753BC,RomewasfirstthecentreoftheRomanRepublic,thenoftheRomanEmpire,anditbecamethecapitaloftheChristianworldinthe4thcentury.Foundedin3000BC,DamascusisoneoftheoldestcitiesintheMiddleEast.IntheMiddleAges,itwasthecentreofasplendidcraftindustry,specializinginswords.Thecityhassome125monumentsfromdifferentperiodsofitshistory.Havanawasfoundedin1519bytheSpanish.Bythe17thcentury,ithadbeeoneoftheCaribbean’smaincentresforshipbuilding.Althoughitistodayamoderncity,itsoldcentreremainsaninterestingmixofBaroque第1页/共22页

andneoclassical(新古典主义的)monuments.Pingyao,foundedinthe14thcentury,showstheevolutionofarchitecturalstylesandtownplanninginImperialChinaoverfivecenturies.Ofspecialinterestarethesplendidbuildingsassociatedwithbanking,forwhichPingyaowasthemajorcentreforthewholeofChinainthe19thandearly20thcenturies.1.Whichofthefollowingwaslastfounded?A.Rome.B.Pingyao.C.Havana.D.Damascus.2.Whatcanwelearnfrom?A.Havanabecameamoderncityinthe16thcentury.B.Damascuswaswellknownforitscraftindustry.C.PingyaowasoncethemajorcentreforshipsinChina.DRomewasfoundedbytheSpanish.3.Inwhichsectionofamagazinecanweread?A.Culture.B.Nature.C.Education.D.Environment.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上四处世界文化遗产的情况。【1题详解】HistoricCentreofRome部分中“Founded,accordingtolegend,byRomulusandRemusin753BC(据传说，罗马由罗穆卢斯和雷穆斯于公元前753年建立)”；AncientCityofDamascus部分中“Foundedin3000BC,DamascusisoneoftheoldestcitiesintheMiddleEast.(大马士革建于公元前3000年，是中东最古老的城市之一)”；OldHavana部分中“Havanawasfoundedin1519bytheSpanish.(哈瓦那于1519年由西班牙人建立)”及AncientCityofPingyao部分中“Pingyao,foundedinthe14thcentury,showstheevolutionofarchitecturalstylesandtownplanninginImperialChinaoverfivecenturies.(始建于14世纪的平遥，展现了五个世纪间中国古代王朝建筑风格与城市规划的演变历程)”可知，Havana是最晚建立的。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据AncientCityofDamascus部分中“IntheMiddleAges,itwasthecentreofasplendidcraftindustry,specializinginswords.(在中世纪，它是杰出的手工艺制作的中心，尤其是剑器)”可知，Damascus曾经因为手工艺制作产业而闻名。故选B。第2页/共22页

【3题详解】Heritageistreasurefromthepast—whatwelivewithtodayandwhatwepassontofuturegenerations.preserveit,UNESCOsafeguardshundredsofnaturalandculturalHeritagesitesaroundtheworld.(遗产是往昔留存的瑰宝，是我们当下赖以存续的根基，亦是我们将传承给子孙后代的财富。为了保护人类共同遗产，联合国教科文组织对全球数百处自然与文化双重世界遗产地进行着保护)”可知，文章核心是介绍四处世界文化遗产，世界遗产属于文化范畴，因此最可能出现在杂志的文化版块。故选A。BDrKitPrendergastdiscoveredthebeespeciesinPerth’sKingsParkanddecidedtonameitafterherdog,Zephyr,afternoticingthebeehadanunusualdoglikenose.Beesdon’thavenoses.Theysmellwiththeirantennae(触须),soDrPrendergastsaidshewas“instantlyithebee’sveryunusualface”.“WhenIwenttoidentifyit,Ifounditmatchednodescribedspecies,andIwassurethatifitwasaknownspeciesitwouldbequiteeasytoidentifygivenhowunusualitwasinappearance,”shesaid.DrPrendergastsaidshehadalwaysdreamedofdiscoveringanddescribinganewspeciesofnativebee.Whensomeonediscoversandofficiallyandscientificallydescribesanewspecies,theyalsogettherighttonameit.cannameitaftersomethingdescriptive,alocation,orevenafamouspersonorsomeonewhoissignificantinyourlife—whichisexactlywhatIdid,”DrPrendergastsaid.ThenameofthenewbeespeciesisLeioproctusZephyr.ThewordLeioproctusidentifiesthenewspeciesasbeingpartofaverylargeandvariedgroupofnativebeesandZephyr,ofcourse,isthenameofDrPrendergast’sdog.DrPrendergastsaidshenamedthenewbeeafterZephyrbecauseitsfacelookedsimilartoadog’snose,butalsobecauseoftheemotionalsupportshegotfromherpetduringherPhDstudies.“ShehasbeensoimportanttomymentalhealthandhappinessduringthechallengingperiodofdoingaPhDandbeyond,”DrPrendergastsaid.Thediscoveryofthenewspecieshighlightedtheimportanceofconservingurbanhabitatsandplantingnativeflowers.DrPrendergasthadfoundtheLeioproctusZephyrinonlyfiveurbanbushlandlocationsinsouthwestAustralia.Butherdiscoverymeanttheycouldnowbeprotected.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“intriguedby”inParagraph2mean?A.Interestedin.B.Satisfiedwith.C.Concernedabout.D.Amusedby.5.WhatdoesPrendergastadviseifsomeonediscoversanewspecies?第3页/共22页

A.Getofficialrecognition.B.Nameitdependingonhisownwill.C.Describeittothepublicinascientificway.D.Invitefamouspeopletogiveitaname.6.WhatcanweinferfromPrendergast’swordsinParagraph5?A.Herdogmadeadifferencetoherlife.B.Peopleshouldtreattheirpetsseriously.C.ShehadsomeproblemsingettingPhD.D.Mentalhealthshouldn’tbeignored.7.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthenewbeespeciesfrom?A.Ithasanunusualdoglikemouth.B.ItwasfirstdiscoveredbythedognamedZephyr.C.Peoplecanplantflowersfromabroadtoprotectit.D.ItwasfoundinsouthwestAustralia.【答案】4.A5.B6.A7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。KitPrendergast博士在珀斯发现一种长着“狗鼻子”新蜜蜂，用爱犬Zephyr命名，文章描述发现过程、命名规则，并强调该发现对生态保护的意义。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段第二句中的“Theysmellwiththeirantennae(它们用触角来嗅气味)”和第三句中的“WhenIwenttoidentifyit,Ifounditmatchednodescribedspecies,andIwassurethatifitwasaknownspeciesitwouldbequiteeasytoidentifygivenhowunusualitwasinappearance(当我去对其进行鉴定时，我发现它与任何描述的物种都不相符。而且我确信，如果它是一种已知的物种的话，鉴于其外观的奇特之处，应该很容易进行识别的。)”可知，Prendergast博士对这种蜜蜂极为奇特的面部特征产生了兴趣从而进行研究，intriguedbyA。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“Whensomeonediscoversandofficiallyandscientificallydescribesanewspecies,theyalsogettherighttonameit.cannameitaftersomethingdescriptive,alocation,orevenafamouspersonorsomeonewhoissignificantinyourlife—whichisexactlywhatIdid,”DrPrendergastsaid.(当第4页/共22页

个描述性的词语、某个地点、甚至是一位名人或者是你生命中重要人物的名字来为其命名——而我就是这Prendergast)Prendergast建议其按照自己的意愿命名它。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“DrPrendergastsaidshenamedthenewbeeafterZephyrbecauseitsfacelookedsimilartoadog’snose,butalsobecauseoftheemotionalsupportshegotfromherpetduringherPhDstudies.(Prendergast博士表示，她将这种新蜜蜂命名为“泽弗尔”，是因为它的脸型看起来与狗的鼻子相似，同时这也是因为她博士研究期间从宠物那里获得了情感上的支持。)”可知，Prendergast博士的狗对她的生活有重要意义。故选A。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“DrPrendergasthadfoundtheLeioproctusZephyrinonlyfiveurbanbushlandlocationsinsouthwestAustralia.(Prendergast博士仅在西澳大利亚州西南部的五个城市周边的灌木丛区域发现了这种名为“LeioproctusZephyr”的生物。)”可知，这种新的蜜蜂物种是在西澳大利亚州西南部被发现的。故选D。CResearchersinItalyfoundthemorethan2,000yearoldEtruscanandRomanstatuesintheareaofAretiredgarbagemanhelpedinthediscoveryofthestatues,whichlayinmudattheruinsofanancientspa(矿泉疗养地).Expertscalleditthebiggestcollectionofancientbronze(青铜制的)statueseverfoundinItaly.Somesaiditwasamajorfindingthatwould“rewritehistory”.Researchersfoundthestatuesin2021and2022inthevillageofSanCascianodeiBagni.Thevillagestillhaspublicbathsinoperationtoday.Researchershadlongsuspectedancientruinscouldbediscoveredatthesite.Thefirstfewattemptstolocatetheancientbaths,however,wereunsuccessful.ThenformergarbagemanandamateurlocalhistorianStefanoPetrinihadanidea.HerememberedthatyearsearlierhehadseenbitsofancientRomancolumnsonawallontheothersideofthepublicbaths.WhenPetrinitookresearcherstotheplace,theyknewtheyhadfoundtherightspot.ThestatuesfoundtherewereofferingsfromRomansandEtruscanswholookedtothegodsforgoodhealth.Oneofthemostamazingfindswasthesocalled“scrawnyboy”,astatueabout90centimetreshigh,ofayoungRomanwithabonedisease.Asmallpieceofwritinghashisnameas“MarciusGrabillo”.Moreunusualofferingswerealsoamongsmallerobjectsinthediscovery.Theseincludedeggshells,pinecones,medicaltoolsanda2,000yearoldpieceofhair.第5页/共22页

permanentlyclosedthespaabout1,600yearsago.Thewarmmudofthebathsprotectedthestatues.ssaytheymayfindanothersixor12statuesnotedinadocumentfoundatthesite.ThearchaeologiststhinkthatitmayhavebeenleftbyMarciusGrabillo.Petrinihopesthetreasureswillbring“jobs,cultureandknowledge”tohisvillage,whichisstrugglingwithdepopulationlikemuchofruralItaly.Buthedoesnotwanttotakecreditforthediscovery.“Importantthingsalwayshappenthankstoseveralpeople,neverthankstoonlyone,”hesaid.“Never.”8.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Themainvalueofthisdiscovery.B.Identitiesofthediscoverers.C.Theprocessoffindingthelocation.D.Thecontributionsofanamateurhistorian.9.Whatwerethesediscoveredstatuesmainlyusedforinancienttimes?A.Prayingforhealth.B.Recordingthedeath.C.bonediseases.D.Providingunusualofferings.10.Whatdoestheunderlined“it”inParagraph5referto?A.Thewarmmud.B.Theancientsite.C.Morerelevantinformation.D.Thedocumentdiscoveredonthespot.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeStefanoPetrini?A.Persistentandambitious.B.Enthusiasticandhumble.C.Adventurousandhumorous.D.Knowledgeableandfashionable.【答案】8.C9.A10.DB【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了意大利的研究人员在托斯卡纳地区发现了有2000多年历史的伊特鲁里亚和罗马雕像。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Researchersfoundthestatuesin2021and2022inthevillageofSanCascianodeiBagni.Thevillagestillhaspublicbathsinoperationtoday.Researchershadlongsuspectedancientruinscouldbediscoveredatthesite.Thefirstfewattemptstolocatetheancientbaths,however,wereunsuccessful.ThenformergarbagemanandamateurlocalhistorianStefanoPetrinihadanidea.HerememberedthatyearsearlierhehadseenbitsofancientRomancolumnsonawallontheothersideofthepublicbaths.WhenPetrinitookresearcherstotheplace,theyknewtheyhadfoundtherightspot.(研究人员于2021年和2022年在圣卡夏诺代伊巴尼村发现了这些雕像。该村至今仍在运营公共浴场。长期以来，研究人员一直怀疑该遗址可能藏有古代遗迹。然而，最第6页/共22页

初几次寻找古浴场的尝试均未成功。后来，曾做过垃圾清运工的当地业余历史学家斯特凡诺·佩特里尼想到了一个办法。他回忆起多年前曾在公共浴场另一侧的一堵墙上见过古罗马立柱的碎片。当佩特里尼带研究人员前往该地时，他们知道自己找对了地方)”可知，本段主要讲述遗迹发现的过程。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“ThestatuesfoundtherewereofferingsfromRomansandEtruscanswholookedtothegodsforgoodhealth.(们健康)”可知，发现的雕像在古代主要用于祈求神灵保佑身体健康。故选A。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文中“ssaytheymayfindanothersixor12statuesnotedinadocumentfoundatthesite.(6到12尊雕像。)单词it指代现场发现的文献资料。故选D。【题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“ThenformergarbagemanandamateurlocalhistorianStefanoPetrinihadanidea.HerememberedthatyearsearlierhehadseenbitsofancientRomancolumnsonawallontheothersideofthepublicbaths.WhenPetrinitookresearcherstotheplace,theyknewtheyhadfoundtherightspot.(工的当地业余历史学家斯特凡诺·佩特里尼想到了一个办法。他回忆起多年前曾在公共浴场另一侧的一堵墙上见过古罗马立柱的碎片。当佩特里尼带研究人员前往该地时，他们知道自己找对了地方)”和最后一段““Importantthingsalwayshappenthankstoseveralpeople,neverthankstoonlyone,”hesaid.()历史充满热情且为人谦虚，认为功劳不是他一个人的。故选B。DImaginepurchasingarobottoperformhouseholdtasks.Thisrobotwasbuiltandtrainedinafactoryonacertainsetoftasksandhasneverseentheitemsinyourhome.Whenyouaskittopickupacupfromyourkitchentableitmightnotrecognizeyourcup.So,therobotfails.“Rightnow,thewaywetraintheserobots,whentheyfail,wedon’treallyknowwhy.Soyouwouldjustthrowupyourhandsandsay,‘OK,Iguesswehavetostartover.’Acriticalponentthatismissingfromthissystemisenablingtherobottodemonstratewhyitisfailingsotheusercangiveitfeedback,”saysAndiPeng,anelectricalengineeringandputerscience(EECS)graduatestudentatMIT.PengandhercollaboratorsatMIT,NewUniversity,andtheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleycreated第7页/共22页

aframeworkthatenableshumanstoquicklyteacharobotwhattheywantittodo,withaminimalamountofTheresearcherstestedthistechniqueinsimulationsandfoundthatitcouldteacharobotmoreefficientlythanothermethods.Therobotstrainedwiththisframeworkperformedbetter,whilethetrainingprocessconsumedlessofahuman’stime.Moreimportantly,thisframeworkcouldhelprobotslearnfasterinnewenvironmentswithoutrequiringausertohavetechnicalknowledge.Robotsoftenfailduetodistributionshift.Onewaytoretrainarobotforaspecifictaskisimitationlearning.Theusercoulddemonstratethecorrecttasktoteachtherobotwhattodo.Ifausertriestoteacharobottopickupacup,butdemonstrateswithawhitecup,therobotcouldlearnthatallcupsarewhite.Itmaythenfailtopickuparedorbluecup.wantrobotstodowhathumansdo,andwewantthemtodoitinameaningfulway.Attheendoftheday,thisisreallyaboutenablingarobottolearnagood,humanlikerepresentationatanabstractlevel,”Pengsays.12.Whatmaytheuserdoifhisrobotfailsaccordingto?A.Lettherobottryitagain.B.Showitaroundhiskitchen.C.Analysewhytherobotfailed.D.Givefeedbacktorobotproducers.13.What’sthemostimportantfeatureaboutPeng’sframework?A.Itrequiresuserstospendmuchtimeteachingrobots.B.Ithelpsrobotsdistinguishredcupsfromwhitecups.C.Itenablesrobotstoadapttonewsurroundingsbetter.D.Itrequiresrobotuserstograsptechnicalknowledge.14.WhatwillroboedtodoaccordingtoPeng?A.Replacehumanstododangeroustasks.B.Servehumansinapositiveway.C.Looklikehumansevenmore.D.Obeyhumans’ordersuccessfully.15.Whatisthebesttitlefor?A.RobotsAren’tExperiencedinHouseholdB.ImitationLearningIsofImportanceforRobotsC.RobotsCan’tpletelyMeetHuman’sNeedsD.NewUpgradesRobotsWhoFailedtoDo【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D第8页/共22页

【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了彭及其合作者们构建的一个框架，这个技术能够升级失败机器人，通过新技术解决机器人失败问题。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的““Rightnow,thewaywetraintheserobots,whentheyfail,wedon’treallyknowwhy.Soyouwouldjustthrowupyourhandsandsay,‘OK,Iguesswehavetostartover.’Acriticalponentthatismissingfromthissystemisenablingtherobottodemonstratewhyitisfailingsotheusercangiveitfeedback,”saysAndiPeng,anelectricalengineeringandputerscience(EECS)graduatestudentatMIT.(麻省理工学院电子工程与计算机科学专业研究生安迪·题——当它们出现故障时，我们其实并不清楚具体原因。这种情况下，你只能束手无策，然后说‘好吧，看来我们得重新开始了’。这套系统缺少一个关键组成部分，那就是让机器人能够说明自身故障的原因，)选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Moreimportantly,thisframeworkcouldhelprobotslearnfasterinnewenvironmentswithoutrequiringausertohavetechnicalknowledge.(的环境中更快地学习，而无需用户具备技术知识。)”可知，彭的框架最重要的特点是它使得机器人能够更好地适应新的环境。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“wantrobotstodowhathumansdo,andwewantthemtodoitinameaningfulway.(我们希望机器人能够完成人类所从事的工作，并且希望这些工作能够具有一定的意义性。)”可知，彭期待机器人以积极的方式服务人类。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Imaginepurchasingarobottoperformhouseholdtasks.Thisrobotwasbuiltandtrainedinafactoryonacertainsetoftasksandhasneverseentheitemsinyourhome.Whenyouaskittopickupacupfromyourkitchentable,itmightnotrecognizeyourcup.So,therobotfails.(想象一下，你购买了一台机器人来承担家务任务。这台机器人是在一家工厂里按照特定的任务要求进行制造和训练的，它从未见过你家里的物品。当你让它从厨房桌子上拿起一个杯子时，它可能无法认出你的杯子。所以，机器人就无法完成任务了。)”和第三段“PengandhercollaboratorsatMIT,NewUniversity,andtheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleycreatedaframeworkthatenableshumanstoquicklyteacharobotwhattheywantittodo,withaminimal第9页/共22页

amountofeffort.(彭及其在麻省理工学院、纽约大学和加州大学伯克利分校的合作者们构建了一个框架，使得人类能够以极小的精力快速教会机器人他们希望机器人完成的任务。)”可知，文章主要介绍了彭及其合作者们构建的一个框架，这个技术能够升级失败机器人，通过新技术解决机器人失败问题。故选D。第二节共5小题每小题分，满分分)Atitsmostbasiclevel,laughterourphysicalbody.Itenablesustotakeinmoreoxygenatedairandstimulateourlungs.____16____Thisleadstoseveralbenefits.Aswelaughatfunnyevents,ourcardiac(心脏的)healthimproves.Laughterprovidesthisbenefitbyincreasingourheartrateandloweringourbloodpressure.____17____Onestudyfoundthatpeoplewhorarelyorneverlaughedwere1.21timesmorelikelytohaveheartdiseasethanthosewholaugheddaily.Thishelpsreinforce(加强)thebenefitsofhumouronhearthealth.Let’ssaywehaveasevereheadachebutarewatchinganextremelyfunnyAswewatchandlaugh,wemaybeeatleastsomewhatdistracted(使分心)fromtheheadacheanddisfort.____18____Establishedmechanismsareoperatinginternallytoenhanceourabilitytoresistpain.Naturallyoccurringhormonescalledendorphins,forexample,gettowork.Becausewe’relaughingupastorm,ourbodyproducesthesenaturalpainkillers.____19____Laughinganotherphysicalbenefit:itcanhelpussleepbetter.Inonesmallscalestudy,residentsatalongtermcarehospitalengagedin40minutelaughtertherapysessionstwiceaweekforfourweeks.Theirsleepqualityimprovedduringthistime,asdidtheirfeelingsofdepression.bininglaughterwithyoga,calledlaughingyoga,hasalsobeenfoundtoimprovesleepqualityandhelpusfallasleepfaster.Thisformofyogainvolvesmovementsthatmakeuswanttolaugh.免疫力)Overall,extensivelaughtersupportstheimmunesystem,whichmakesusmoreresistanttodisease.Bylaughing,weincreaseantibodyproducingcellsandenhancetheeffectivenessofTcellsinourbody.____20____Physiciansandmentalhealthprofessionalscanuselaughtertohelppatientsachievepositivehealthoutes.A.Improvessleep.B.Getsgoodrelationships.第10页/共22页

C.mayfindithardtostayhumorous.D.Thisismuchlikehowourbodyrespondstoexercise.E.ThesetinythingsactlikeadefensearmytofightillnessF.Butthedistractionaloneisn’twhatreducesourpainperception.G.Momentsofloudlaughteralsorelievetensioninourmuscles.【答案】16.G17.D18.F19.A20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。笑声是我们保持身体健康的战斗中经常被忽视的工具。我们不仅能从幽默中得到娱乐，而且还能增强我们的身心健康。【16题详解】由上文“Atitsmostbasiclevel,laughterourphysicalbody.Itenablesustotakeinmoreoxygenatedairandstimulateourlungs.(从最基本的层面来说，笑会影响我们的身体。它能让我们吸入更多的含氧空气并刺激我们的肺部)”可知，这里阐述了笑对身体的一些基础影响。G选项Momentsofloudlaughteralsorelievetensioninourmuscles.(大声笑的时刻也能缓解我们肌肉的紧张)符合语境，also笑对身体的影响。故选G项。【17题详解】由上文“Laughterprovidesthisbenefitbyincreasingourheartrateandloweringourbloodpressure.(笑通过提高我们的心率和降低血压来提供这种益处)D选项Thisismuchlikehowourbodyrespondstoexercise.(这很像我们的身体对锻炼的反应)符合语境，This指代笑对心脏健康的益处方式，将其与身体对锻炼的反应作类比，符合逻辑。故选D项。【18题详解】由上文“Let’ssaywehaveasevereheadachebutarewatchinganextremelyfunnyAswewatchandlaugh,wemaybeeatleastsomewhatdistractedfromtheheadacheanddisfort.(一场非常有趣的节目。当我们观看并大笑时，我们可能至少会从头痛和不适中稍微分心)”可知，这里说明Establishedmechanismsareoperatinginternallytoenhanceourabilitytoresistpain.(体内有既定的机制在运行，以增强我们抵抗疼痛的能力)”则表明还有其他因素减轻疼痛，F选项Butthedistractionaloneisn’twhatreducesourpainperception.(但仅仅分心并不能减轻我们对疼痛的感知)符合语境，but表转折，引出下文对减轻疼痛真正原因的阐述。故选F项。【19题详解】由下文“Laughinganotherphysicalbenefit:itcanhelpussleepbetter.(第11页/共22页

可以帮助我们睡得更好)A选项Improvessleep.(改善睡眠)作为小标题，准确概括了该段内容。故选A项。【20题详解】由上文“Bylaughing,weincreaseantibodyproducingcellsandenhancetheeffectivenessofTcellsinourbody.(T细胞的效力)疫系统的积极影响。E选项Thesetinythingsactlikeadefensearmytofightillness.(这些微小的东西就像一支抵御疾病的防御部队)符合语境，其中Thesetinythings指代上文的antibodyproducingcells和Tcells，进一步阐述它们对抵抗疾病的作用。故选E项。第二部分语言运用共两节，满分分)第一节共小题每小题1分，满分分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的、、、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Stoppingmyexcuseshasbeenalongandunevenroad.Iwasthekindofpersonwhocouldeasilybepersuadedto___21___almostanything.Whenevertherewasatask,mymindwouldlookfor___22___toavoidit.“I’llworkouttomorrow,”Iwouldtellmyself,conveniently___23___thefactthatIhadsaidthatthedaybefore.Ihadamentallibraryoftheseexcuses.Inthoseyears,eachexcusewaslikeabrick,___24___buildingawallseparatingmefromthepersonIwantedtobee.TheturningpointcamewhenIknewthesesmallthingswere___25___,andtheywerecreatingstressandIjustcouldn’t___26___it.Iwouldlieinbedatnight,feelingasenseof___27___.IknewIhadletmyselfdown,andthatrealization___28___me.SoIthoughtitwastimetotrysomething___29___.Istartedbydoingjustatinybit.Like,onlyhavetofoldfiveshirts.”Iwasdoubtfulatfirst.ButItookadeepbreathandpickedupthefirstshirt.my____30____,onceIgotgoing,Ifounditwasn’tsohard.AndbeforeI____31____it,halfofthelaundrywasfolded.WhenIlookedatthetidyshirts,myheartwasfilledwith____32____.Now,wheneverIwanttomakeanexcuse,Iwill____33____thatfeelinganduseitasmotivationtopushforward.todayIstillhave____34____days,butnowIknowthatstartingsmallisbetterthananybigmotivationboost.Eachsmallvictory____35____,andtheyallcontributetoabigtransformation.21.A.believeB.quitC.challengeD.explore22.A.topicsB.courageC.approvalD.reasons23.A.ignoringB.understandingC.mentioningD.accepting24.A.skillfullyB.originallyC.graduallyD.necessarily第12页/共22页

25.A.breakingdownB.slowingdownC.mixingupD.addingup26.A.shakeB.evaluateC.admitD.record27.A.acplishmentB.restlessnessC.lonelinessD.purpose28.A.shapedB.limitedC.surroundedD.forted29.A.familiarB.relaxingC.practicalD.different30.A.surpriseB.embarrassmentC.creditD.knowledge31.A.provedB.checkedC.realizedD.expected32.A.stressB.prideC.calmnessD.curiosity33.A.shareB.recallC.handleD.explain34.A.lazyB.busyC.happyD.lucky35.A.appearsB.variesC.countsD.continues【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.D26.A27.B28.C29.D30.A31.C32.B33.B34.A35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者如何克服不断找借口的习惯，通过小步骤实现个人转变并最终走向成功的心路历程。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我曾是一个很容易被说服放弃做任何事情的人。A.believe相信；B.quit放弃；C.challengeD.exploreWhenevertherewasatask,mymindwouldlookfor___2___toavoidit.”可知，作者容易被说服放弃任何事情。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当有任务时，我的大脑都会寻找理由来逃避它。A.topics话题；B.courage勇C.approvalD.reasons“I’llworkouttomorrow,”Iwouldtellmyself会找理由逃避任务。故选D。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会告诉自己“我明天再锻炼”，巧妙地忽视前一天说过的话的事实。A.ignoring忽视；B.understanding理解；C.mentioning提到；D.accepting接受。根据文章前文“Whenevertherewasatask,mymindwouldlookfor___2___toavoidit.”可知，作者经常找理由放弃做事，因此推断此处表示会忽视前一天说过的话。故选A。【24题详解】第13页/共22页

考查副词词义辨析。句意：在那些年里，每个借口都像一块砖，逐渐砌起了一道墙，将我与我想成为的人A.skillfullyB.originallyC.graduallyD.necessarily必要地。根据前文“Inthoseyears,eachexcusewaslikeabrick”可知，借口逐渐筑起了一堵墙。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：转折点出现在我意识到这些小事正在累积，它们创造压力，我已无法承受。A.breakingdown崩溃；B.slowingdown减速；C.mixingup混淆；D.addinguptheywerecreatingstressandIjustcouldn’t___6___it.”可知，小事情逐渐累积，制造了压力。故选D。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.shake摆脱；B.evaluate评估；C.admit承认；D.record记录。根据前文“theywerecreatingstress”和下文“SoIthoughtitwastimetotrysomething___9___.”可知，积累小事创造压力，作者无法摆脱这些压力。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我常常躺在床上，感到不安。A.acplishment成就感；B.restlessness不安；C.lonelinessD.purposeIknewIhadletmyselfdown己的放弃感到不安。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道我让自己失望了，而这种认识包围了我。A.shapedB.limited限制；C.surrounded包围；D.forted安慰。根据下文“SoIthoughtitwastimetotrysomething___9___.”可知，意识到自己让自己失望的感觉包围了作者，作者准备做出改变。故选C。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：于是我想，是时候尝试一些不同的方法了。A.familiar熟悉的；B.relaxing放松的；C.practical实用的；D.different不同的。根据前文“Iwouldlieinbedatnight,feelingasenseof___7___.IknewIhadletmyselfdown,andthatrealization___8___me.决定尝试一些不同的事情。故选D。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我吃惊的是，一旦我开始做，我发现并没有那么难。A.surprise惊讶；B.embarrassmentC.creditD.knowledgeonceIgotgoing,Ifounditwasn’tsohard”可知，作者惊讶地发现做不同的事情没有那么难。故选A。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我意识到之前，一半的衣服已经叠好了。A.proved证明；B.checked检查；第14页/共22页

C.realized意识到；D.expected期待。根据前文“onceIgotgoing,Ifounditwasn’tsohard”可知，作者发现一旦开始，就没有那么难了，因此不知不觉中，也就是在意识到之前，衣服已经叠好了一半。故选C。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看着整齐的衬衫时，我的心里充满了自豪。A.stress压力；B.pride自豪；C.calmnessD.curiosityWhenIlookedatthetidyshirts到自豪。故选B。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，每当我想要找借口时，我会回忆那种感觉，并把它作为前进的动力。A.share分享；B.recall回忆；C.handle处理；D.explain3段“useitasmotivationtopushforward.”可知，作者会回忆那种感觉，作为前进的动力。故选B。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是的，今天我仍然有懒惰的日子，但现在我知道从小事做起比任何大的动力提升都更好。A.lazy懒惰的；B.busy忙碌的；C.happy快乐的；D.lucky幸运的。根据第一段内容和下文“butnowIknowthatstartingsmallisbetterthananybigmotivationboost”可知，作者仍然有想要偷懒的日子。故选A。【35题详解】A.appears出现；B.varies变化；C.counts重要；D.continues继续。根据下文“theyallcontributetoabigtransformation”可知，每一个小小的胜利都很重要，它们促成了巨大的转变。故选C。第二节共小题每小题分，满分分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Adecadeafteritsinternationaldebut,HugoTheThreeBodyProblemisbeingrecognizedasagroundbreakingsuccessforChinesesciencefiction,____36____(sell)6.5millioncopiesin42languagesandimpactingreadersworldwide.Thenovel’sinternationalsuccess____37____(celebrate)atthe“CosmicEchoes—TheThreeBodyProblem’sOverseasImpactReleaseConference”heldonAug30duringthe15thChinaInternationalDigitalPublishingExpoinZhengzhou,Henanprovince.Theconferencedrewover400attendees,includingauthorLiuCixin,____38____(expert),scholars,publishers,andreadersfromaroundtheglobe,gatheredtoreflect____39____thenovel’sdecadelongjourneyanddiscussthefutureofChinesesciencefictionontheglobalstage.First____40____(publish)inEnglishinNovember2014,TheThreeBodyProblem____41____(quick)第15页/共22页

becameaglobalphenomenon,culminating(达到顶点)ina2015HugoforBestNovel—akeymomentforChinesesciencefiction.Thenovel’simpactwasunderscoredbythereleaseofthe“ReportontheInternationalImpactofTheThreeBodyProblemintheOverseasDecade”,____42____revealedglobalsalesexceeding(超过)30millioncopiesandwidespread____43____(available)inlibrariesacrossEuropeandtheUnitedStates.“ThesuccessofTheThreeBodyProblem’soverseaspublicationprovesthatChineseliteraturecanspeaktohumanconcernsin____44____globallanguage,”statedauthorLiuCixinduring____45____(he)address,expressinggratitudetoChinaEducationalPublicationsImportandExportCorporation(CEP)andScienceFictionmagazine.【答案】36.selling37.wascelebrated38.experts39.on/upon40.published41.quickly42.which43.availability44.a45.his【解析】TheThreeBodyProblem出版十年后的巨大成功与深远影响。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在其国际首次亮相十年后，获得雨果奖的《三体》被公认为中国科幻的开创性成42种语言，全球销量达650万册，并影响着世界各地的读者。空处应为非谓语动词作状语，sell与逻辑主语TheThreeBodyProblem之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式作伴随状语。故填selling。【37题详解】8月30响——《三体》海外十年影响力发布会”隆