Unit 8 课时4 Section A Grammar Focus（大单元课时课件）英语新教材人教版八年级下册

Unit8MakingaDifference人教版2024版八年级下册SectionA(GrammarFocus)语法课LearningObjectives1.学生能够通过观察和分析例句，深入理解现在完成时中`for`与`since`的用法差异，掌握`for`后接时间段、`since`后接时间点的核心规则，明确二者在语境中的语义区别。012.学生能够掌握并准确运用`for`/`since`及现在完成时的正确形式，完成句子与语篇填空练习，在语境中正确描述志愿时长、经历，提升语法运用的准确性和熟练度。023.学生能够熟练运用含`for`/`since`的现在完成时，在小组采访活动中围绕生活经历进行连贯问答，在语篇层面灵活运用目标语法进行真实交流，在班级分享中展示语言组织与口语表达能力。03A:Haveyougivendirectionstothestrangers?B:Yes,Ihave.Ihavegivendirectionsto...B:No,Ihaven’t.Ihaven’tgivendirectionsto...givedirectionssortwastecleanupguidevisitorsplanttreesvisittheelderlyLookatthepicturesandsayoutthephrases.

EnjoyasongReadthesentences.Howareforandsinceuseddifferently?4aHaveyoubeentoouranimalshelterbefore?No,Ihaven't.Butoneofmyfriendshasvolunteeredhereforalongtime.Hassheeverdonevolunteerwork?Yes,shehas.ShehasbeenavolunteeratanursinghomesincelastAugust.Howlonghaveyoubeenavolunteer?Ihavebeenavolunteerhereforafewmonths.Howlonghasheworkedasavolunteeratthemuseum?Hehasvolunteeredheresince

hissummerholidaysstarted.What’sthedifferencebetween“for”and“since”?(e.g.,for+timeperiod,since+timepoint)Canyoumakeasentencewith“for”?(e.g.,IhavestudiedEnglishfor3years.)Canyoumakeasentencewith“since”?(e.g.,Ihavelivedheresince2020.)Lookatthetableaboveandanswerthefollowingquestions.Butoneofmyfriendshasvolunteeredhereforalongtime.ShehasbeenavolunteeratanursinghomesincelastAugust.since后面接时间点，强调动作或状态的开始时间。for后面接时间段，强调动作或状态的持续时间。如何区分时间段和时间点呢？试着说说哪些是时间点，哪些是时间段吧！5:30fiveyearsthreeminutes2015May5twomonths时间点时间点时间段时间点时间段时间段时间点指的是具体的时间，比如1点、4月7日、2026年12月；时间段指的是一段时间内，比如说三点到四点，中间这一个小时就是一段时间。Watchthevideotohelpyouhaveabetterunderstandingofthedifferences.Fillintheblankswithfor

orsince.1．Ihaveownedthetoybear________morethansixyears.2．Hehasworkedasapoliceman________tenyears.3．Theyhaveworkedhere________June.4．ShehasstudiedEnglish________shewasfive.5．We’veknowneachother________wewereprimaryschoolstudents.forforforsincesince

现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今，还可能继续下去。这种用法称为“未完成用法”。此时常与for或since引导的时间状语（从句）连用。1.现在完成时的含义现在完成时2.现在完成时的“未完成”用法表示“未完成”的句式示例现在完成时+for+一段时间Wehaveknowneachotherfortwentyyears.我们认识有二十年了。现在完成时+since+表示过去的时间点Mr.Smithhasworkedheresince1984.自从1984年史密斯先生就在这里工作。现在完成时+since+从句IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.我从出生起就住在这儿。现在完成时3．延续性动词与非延续性动词（1）含义：延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。非延续性动词也叫终止性动词、瞬间动词等，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后即刻停止。现在完成时3．延续性动词与非延续性动词（2）用法：①常见的延续性动词有learn、work、live、know、walk、watch、sleep、stay、wait、keep等。延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，如howlong、for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、since引导的时间状语从句（一般过去时）、since+一段时间+ago等。现在完成时

3．延续性动词与非延续性动词（2）用法：

②常见的非延续性动词有open、close、die、begin、come、go、borrow、lend、buy、move等，表示某个动作的结果还存在，但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。有些非延续性动词可以用延续性动词替换。③在否定句中，非延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。e.g.

Ihaven’theardfrommyfriendforthreeweeks.我已经有三个星期没有收到我朋友的来信了。现在完成时（3）非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的方法：①将非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词或副词”，这样才能和时间段连用：begin/start→beon（开始）

gothere→bethere（去那里）comeback→beback（回来）

comehere→behere（来这里）open→beopen（开业）

close→beclosed（关门）die→bedead（死）

marry→bemarried（结婚）现在完成时3．延续性动词与非延续性动词

finish→beover（结束）

gotobed→beinbed（上床睡觉）leave→beaway（离开）

return→beback（回来）getout→beout（出去）

fallasleep→beasleep（入睡）lose→belost（丢失）

fallill→beill（生病）get/arrive/reach→bein/at（到达）join/become→bein/beamemberof（参加，加入）现在完成时3．延续性动词与非延续性动词（3）非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的方法：②有的非延续性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词：

现在完成时3．延续性动词与非延续性动词（3）非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的方法：非延续性动词可以转换为延续性动词。非延续性动词对应的延续性表达例句begin/starthave/hasbeenonThefilmhasbeenonfor20minutes.finish/stophave/hasbeenoverTheparadehasbeenoverfor2hours.come/go/arrivehave/hasbeenin/atKittyhasbeeninHKfortwodays.leavehave/hasbeenawayShehasbeenawayfromhomesinceTuseday.borrowhave/haskeptShehaskeptthisbooksincelastbook.joinhave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenamemberofSimonhasbeenamemberoftheFootballClubsincelastyear.marryhave/hasbeenmarriedTheyhavebeenmarriedfor15years.diehave/hasbeendeadThefishhasbeendeadforsometime.动词转换例句精讲（正反对比）1.✅Ihavebeenintheclubfor2years.❌Ihavejoinedtheclubfor2years.（join是短暂性动词）2.✅Thefilmhasbeenonsince7:00.❌Thefilmhasstartedsince7:00.（start是短暂性动词）3.✅Hehasbeenawayfromhomeforaweek.❌Hehaslefthomeforaweek.（leave是短暂性动词）4.✅Ihavekeptthebookforthreedays.❌Ihaveborrowedthebookforthreedays.（borrow是短暂性动词）动词转换小试牛刀改正下列错误句子，替换为延续性动词1.Hehasboughtthisbikefortwoyears.2.Shehascometothisschoolsince2021.3.Theyhavejoinedthearmyforoneyear.Hehashadthisbikefortwoyears.Shehasbeeninthisschoolsince2021.Theyhavebeeninthearmyforoneyear.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbracketsandfororsince.4b1.Thiscollegestudentenjoysvolunteeringforthearmy.She_____________(teach)Englishtothesoldiers_____threeyears.2.I__________(be)amemberoftheRedCrossforsixyears.Ihavemadealotoffriends________Ijoinedtheorganization.hastaughtforhavebeensince3.MrWuhastaughtinaprimaryschoolasavolunteer________twoyearsnow._________hestartedworkingthere,he__________(help)manystudents.4.Theorganization___________(train)over6,000volunteers__________itbegantoofferclassesthreeyearsago.forSincehashelpedhastrainedsince4cCompletethepassagewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Ilovebeingavolunteer!I____________(work)withasportsorganizationforalmostthreeyearsnow.SinceIstarted,I____________(help)outatovertendifferentsportsevents.I____________(make)manynewfriendsandI________even________(meet)manyfamousathletes.Forexample,I______(meet)twonationalfootballplayersfromArgentinalastmonth.haveworkedhavehelpedhavemadehavemetmetTheywereatastadiumforacharitymatch.Thestadium_______(be)sobigthatthey_______(get)lost.Igavethemdirectionsandthey________(smile)and____________(thank)mewarmly.Iamproudtobeavolunteer.wasgotsmiledthanked4dWorkingroups.Interviewyourgroupmatesusingthequestionsbelow.Sharetheanswerswiththeclass.Howlonghaveyouknowyourbestfriend/...?hadyourfavouritetoy/...?livedinyourneighborhood/...?

SampleInourgroup,Mariahaslivedinthisneighborhood

foronlyoneyear,butsheknowsitverywell.Tomhaslivedintheneighborhoodsincehewasababy.Andhehashadhisfavoritetoy,asoftteddybearfor9years.Hereceiveditonhisfifthbirthday.TomhasagoodfriendcalledJimmyandtheyhavebeengoodfriendsforsixyears....1、MrWuhastaughtinaprimaryschoolasavolunteerfortwoyearsnow.作为志愿者吴先生现在已经在一所小学任教两年了。primaryadj.小学教育的；首要的adj.小学教育的，用于名词前作定语。primaryschool小学primaryeducation小学教育Formiddleandprimaryschoolstudents,learningtocookhasbecomeamust.对于中小学生来说，学习烹饪已经成为必须要做的事。2、SinceIstarted,Ihavehelpedoutatovertendifferentsportsevents.自我开始工作以来，我已经协助了十多场不同的体育赛事。helpout意为“分担工作；帮忙做”。help(sb)outwithsth帮助某人处理某事Canyouhelpmeoutwiththeheavyboxes?你能帮我搬一下这些重箱子吗？I’llhelpoutwiththepartypreparations.我会帮忙准备派对。3、Theywereatastadiumforacharitymatch.他们正在体育场参加一场慈善比赛。

charity名词表示“慈善（行为/事业）”，为不可数docharity（做慈善）charitywork（慈善工作）outofcharity（出于慈善）Allthemoneyraisedwillbedonatedtocharity.所有筹集的资金将捐给慈善事业。4、Igavethemdirectionsandtheysmiledandthankedmewarmly.我为他们指了路，他们微笑并热情地感谢了我。warmlyadv.热情地；温暖地由“warm(adj.温暖的)+-ly(副词后缀)”构成。Thevillagerswelcomeduswarmly.村民们热情地迎接我们。Makesurethatthechildrenaredressedwarmly.一定要让孩子们穿得暖和。Summary1．现在完成时的

“未完成”用法2．延续性动词与

非延续性动词①现在完成时+for+一段时间②现在完成时+since+表示过去的时间点③现在完成时+since+从句①含义②用法③非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的方法：a．转化为“be+形容词或副词”b．转换为意思相同的延续性动词用括号内所给内容的适当形式填空。1.Thefilm___________(be)popularwiththepubl