高一英语（人教版）教学课件必修二UNIT1SectionⅣDiscoveringUsefulStructures

SectionⅣDiscoveringUsefulStructures目录(语法项目——限制性定语从句(3))课时跟踪检测(语法项目——限制性定语从句(3))Marywhosedrawingswereshownattheexhibitionlastmonth①

isamodelstudentwhoisoftenpraisedforhergoodworkatschool②.Assoonaswegotintotheexhibitionhall,oureyeswerecaughtbyaverylargepicture.Thehorsewhichwasdrawninthepicture③wasexactlylikearealhorse.Themanwhowasridingonit④lookedlikealivingman.ItwasthebestpicturethatIhadeverseen⑤，andIshouldsayMaryisthebestyoungpainterthatIhaveeverheardof⑥.[语法入门]①句为whose(作定语，修饰名词drawings)引导的限制性定语从句；②句为who(先行词是amodelstudent)引导的限制性定语从句；③句为which(先行词是Thehorse)引导的限制性定语从句；④句为who(先行词是Theman)引导的限制性定语从句；⑤句为that(先行词是thebestpicture)引导的限制性定语从句；⑥句为that(先行词是thebestyoungpainter)引导的限制性定语从句。根据定语从句与先行词的关系紧密程度不同，可将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。一般说来，限制性定语从句在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省略，所修饰的先行词往往不明确，这种定语从句前面一般不用逗号。一、关系代词引导的限制性定语从句

[先感知]①Heisthemanwhooftenhelpsme.②Iftherewasanyonewhomshecouldturnto,itwouldbeMrRoberts.③Infrontofherwasasnowmanwhoseheadshatteredintopiecesonthesnow.④MissBaughfixedmewithastarethatstruckterrorinmyheart.⑤Iwalkedpastamilkinghousewhichhadapparentlynotbeenusedinmanyyears.[会发现]以上①②③句都是修饰人的限制性定语从句，其关系词分别是who，whom和whose，它们分别在定语从句中作_____、_____和______。④⑤句都是修饰物的限制性定语从句，其关系词分别是that和which，它们在定语从句中都作______。主语宾语定语主语[明规则]关系代词引导的限制性定语从句是指由连接代词who,whom,whose,that和which作关系词的限制性定语从句。它们的具体使用规则如下表：关系代词指代功能句子成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语whose人或物定语that人或物主语、宾语which物主语、宾语[对点练]

(用适当的关系代词填空)①I'mtalkingtomybrotherfromChicago____________Ihaven'tseeninages.②LaoSheisapowerfulwriter_________workshaveinfluencedquiteafewgenerations.whom/whowhose

③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGlasshousestandsas...retracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoute__________broughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchoftherichnessofgardeninginEngland.④(2023·全国乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace____________welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife...that/which

that/which

⑤Therewasalsoasmalldooronthesideofthehenhouse__________ledtothenestingboxes.that/which二、关系副词引导的限制性定语从句

[先感知]①OnemorningwhenJennycameinlateagain,MrBlack,herclassteacher,gotveryangry.②Theyhaddriventheirsonseveralhoursoutoftowntotheuniversitywherehewouldsoonbelivingandstudying.③ThereasonwhyIhadlookedupwasforsomethingfarmoreseriousandannoying.[会发现]以上①②③句分别是修饰_______、_______和_______的限制性定语从句，其关系词分别是when,where和why，它们在定语从句中充当的都是_______。先行词分别是表示时间的名词、表示地点名词和thereason。时间地点原因状语[明规则]关系副词引导的限制性定语从句是指由连接副词when,where和why作关系词的限制性定语从句。它们的具体使用规则如下表：关系副词指代功能句子成分when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语[对点练]

(用适当的关系副词填空)①Icouldn'ttellhertherealreason_______Ididn'taskforhelp.②Saturdayismyfavoritedayoftheweekforthatistheday________Igettoseemyparents.③Thisisanamazingprogram_________youcanshareyourideaswithstudents.whywhenwhere三、关系词的特殊用法

1．宜用that不用which的限制性定语从句用法例句先行词为不定代词时，如all,everything,something,much,nothing,anything,little,none,noone等Ihavesaidall(that)Iwanttosay.Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou？先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰，或本身就是最高级、序数词时Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshowninthecity.We'llneverforgetthefirstlesson(that)ourEnglishteachergaveus.先行词被theonly,thelast,very,just,all,every,no,little,few,any等修饰时Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttobuy.Theonlything(that)Icandoistohavearest.Thereislittlework(that)youcando.先行词既指人又指物时Theytalkedaboutthemanandthethingsthattheysaw.当主句是以which或who开头的疑问句时Whichisthehotelthathestayedatlastnight？Whoisthemanthatisreadingoverthere？续表[对点练]

(根据汉语提示完成句子)①(2024·全国甲卷)Thisisaveryoldhabit________hasbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉动物)．②Itisthemostexpensivehotel____________________________(他曾住过的)．thatthathehaseverstayed/livedin③Thewriterandhisnovel_____________________________(你刚才谈到的)arereallywellknown.④“Didyougoskatingalotlastyear？”Iasked,blurtingoutthefirstthing____________________(涌入我脑海的)．⑤Icangivethischildalltheadvantagesthatyouhavementionedhere,plusmoneyandeverything___________________(金钱能买到的)．thatyouhavejusttalkedabout

thatcametomymindthatmoneycanbuy2．宜用which，who不宜用that的限制性定语从句用法例句当关系代词前有介词时Thisisthehouseinwhichheoncelived.一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个用whichHeboughtanAmericanmagazinethatcouldgivehimsomuchEnglishknowledgeandwhichcouldhelphimtokilltime.当先行词本身为that(指代)时Whataboutthatwhichhadappearedinrecentactivities？先行词是指人的不定代词、人称代词、特殊词those或者therebe句型中的先行词指人Anyonewhodoesthatmustbecrazy.Thosewhohavegoodmannerswillbehighlyrespected.续表

[对点练]

(根据汉语提示完成句子)①He__________________(玩火者)isboundtogetburned.②Those________________________(想参加派对的)mustbeattheschoolgateby5pm.whoplayswithfire

whowanttogototheparty③Anyone______________________________(帮助救那位老人的)isworthpraising.④Thedogreappearedandkeptbarkinginthedirection____________________________(从它回来的方向)．whohashelpedtosavetheoldman

fromwhichitcameback3．关系词的省略定语从句的关系词可以省略的原则是：先行词在定语从句中作表语、宾语(介词后的关系词除外)，先行词是time/place/reason/theway等且在定语从句中作状语。①Chinaisnotthecountry(that)itwas.②Heisthenicestteacher(that)thestudentsconsiderhimintheirschool.③Idon'tknowtheexacttime(when)thesportsmeetingwilltakeplace.[对点练]

(找出能省略关系词的限制性定语从句)①Heisnolongertheboythatheusedtobe.②Thatistherealreasonwhytheylefttheirhometown.③Theboywho/whom/thatwesawyesterdaywasJohn'sbrother.④ThewomantowhommyfatherspokeismyEnglishteacher.⑤Ineverforgetthedaywhenwemetforthefirsttime.⑥Hebuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.答案：①②③⑤句中的关系词可以省略。4．关系代词作动词的间接宾语的情况接双宾语的及物动词所在的定语从句中，如果关系代词作此类动词的间接宾语时，用to或for。接to的动词有bring,give,hand,leave,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,post,promise,read,sell,send,show,take,teach,tell,throw,write等。接for的动词有make,buy,call,choose,cook,do,fetch,find,get,keep,leave,save等。①Whoisthewomanthatheboughttheflowerfor?②Thisisthebookthatshebroughttotheboy.[对点练]

(用定语从句合并句子)①Shewearsasweater.Hermothergavethissweatertoher.→__________________________________________②Thisisthestory.Hetoldthestorytome.→________________________________Shewearsasweaterthathermothergavetoher.Thisisthestorythathetoldtome.5．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句的注意事项有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代词前面，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构。(1)先行词指人时，关系代词用whom，不可以用who或that；先行词指物时，关系代词用which，不能用that。但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，限制性定语从句中的关系代词还可以省去，尤其在口语中。①Doyouknowthegirltowhomourteacheristalking?＝Doyouknowthegirl(that/who/whom)ourteacheristalkingto?②Theschoolinwhichmyfriendoncestudiedisveryfamous.

＝Theschool(that/which)myfriendoncestudiedinisveryfamous.(2)有些固定的短语动词在定语从句中作谓语时，该短语动词中的介词一般不提至关系代词前，常见的此类短语动词有lookfor，listento,lookafter,takecareof等。如：这就是我正在寻找的手表。[误]ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.[正]Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.[对点练]

(用关系词或介词填空)①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further,theSilkRouteGardenaroundthegreenhousewalksvisitorsthroughajourneyinfluencedbytheancientSilkRoad,______whichsilkaswellasmanyplantspeciescametoBritainforthefirsttime.by

②(2022·浙江6月高考写作)Thoseroomsareequippedwithmodernelectronicfacilities,all______whicharelinkedtotheInternet.③Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersonto_______shecouldturnforhelp.④Therearemanyreasons______whichpeopleliketraveling.⑤Thewoman_______whomyoushookhandsjustnowisheadofourcompany.of

whomforwith

Ⅰ.用限制性定语从句合并句子1．Thescientistdiscoversacureforcancer.Thescientistisverygreat.→_________________________________________________2．Wevisitedafactory.Thefactorymakestoysforchildren.→__________________________________________________Thescientistwhodiscoversacureforcancerisverygreat.Wevisitedafactorythat/whichmakestoysforchildren.3．Istillrememberthenight.Icametothestrangecityatthenight.→__________________________________________________4．MrLiuwantstotalktothestudents.Thestudents'homeworkhasn'tbeenhandedin.→_____________________________________________________________________IstillrememberthenightwhenIcametothestrangecity.MrLiuwantstotalktothestudentswhosehomeworkhasn'tbeenhandedin.5．YesterdayLiMingwenttothevillage.Hisfamilylivedinthevillagetenyearsago.→_______________________________________________________________6．Pleasetellmethereason.Youwerelateforthetrain.→___________________________________________________YesterdayLiMingwenttothevillagewherehisfamilylivedtenyearsago.Pleasetellmethereason(why)youwerelateforthetrain.7．ThemanisadoctorfromBeijing.Yousawthemanyesterday.→_____________________________________________________________Theman(whom/who/that)yousawyesterdayisadoctorfromBeijing.Ⅱ.完成句子1．AsfarasIknow,heisaman____________________________.据我所知，他是一个很难相处的人。2．Thisisthebaby___________________________________.这就是我奶奶照顾的那个婴儿。whoishardtogetalongwithwhom/thatmygrandmatakescareof3．Iwanttobuyapen____________________________.我想买一支钢笔，用来写信。4．Thereason____________________________________isnotclear.他拒绝邀请的原因不清楚。withwhichIwillwritealetterforwhich/whyherefusedtheinvitation5．Thereare50studentsinourclass,______________________________________.我们班有50名学生，其中一半来自农村。halfofwhomcomefromthecountrysideⅢ.用限制性定语从句完成下面语段MrsWangisourEnglishteacher,ayounglady①_____________

_________________(她总是鼓励我们)tostudyhard.Besides,sheoftenspareshermoneytohelpthestudents②____________________

(他们的家庭是贫穷的).Ibelievethatisthereason③_________________________(她为何深受大家喜爱)．whoisalwaysencouraginguswhosefamiliesarepoor

whysheisdeeplylovedbyall

Wewill④________________

(做我们能做的一切)andwewillneverforget⑤____________________________

(我们在一起的日子).Asfarasweknow,aftergraduating,sheworksinourschool⑥________________(我们将在那里生活)forthreeyears.In2022,shehadalovelybaby,whichmadeherveryhappy.doallthatwecan

thedayswhenwearetogetherwherewewilllive课时跟踪检测Ⅰ.阅读理解InJanuary,2017,weparticipatedinanarchaeological(考古学的)digneartheOkboElementarySchoolinKiyotake,Japan,alongwithhousewivesandelderlyfarmers.Itwasreallycold,andastrongwindwasblowingallthetime.Theworkwedidwastodigdowninthesoil5cmatatimeandlookforsomethingancientsuchasearthenvessels,stonetools,andarrowheads.Sometimeswedugdown30cmatonce.Wedugdowntosomelayerswhichcouldbeseenonthesoilwall.Thedifferentcolorsoftheselayersshowedwhathadhappenedatdifferentages.Also,inafewplaceswhereancientpeoplecooked,thereweretheremainsofashesandcharcoal.Thematerialthatwelongedtofindwas“Kokuyoseki”，orobsidian(黑曜石),aclearblackstoneforcuttingmeatandmakingarrowheads,becauseitisreallyhardtofindandisbeautiful.From8：30to5：00,wecontinuedtodiginthesoil.Thenwehadtogetridofthesoilwhichwedug.Thecoldclimate,thecoldwind,andthedustmadeithardforus.Wecouldn'topenoureyes.Sometimeswemeasuredthesizeofeachstoneandourbossdrewtheshape.Itwasreallydetailedworkandmadeusexhausted,butwestillcarriedouttheexcavation(挖掘)．Now,however,wefeelitwasareallygoodopportunitybecausewewereabletofeeltheancientmysteryandtherealityofthework.Besides,wewereabletobecomefriendswiththehousewivesandfarmerswhowerealsoparticipatinginthedig.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一名学生，有幸参加了一次考古挖掘活动。在这次活动中，作者经历了考古挖掘的辛苦，学到了很多考古知识，也收获了友谊。1．Whatdoestheauthorofthetextmainlytellus?A．Hisexperienceinjoininginanarchaeologicaldig.B．Howhefoundsomeancientobjectsinthesoil.C．Wherepeoplecanfindearthenvesselsandarrowheads.D．Therelationshipbetweentheauthorandsomefarmers.√解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的第一句“InJanuary,2017，weparticipatedinanarchaeological(考古学的)dig...”以及全文的内容可以看出，文章主要讲述了作者参加的一次考古挖掘经历。√2．Fromthetextwecaninferthat

.A．hehadtodigasdeepaspossibleB．diggingforancientthingsisboringC．heseldomfoundanythingancientD．excavationisreallyhardwork解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的第三句“Thecoldclimate,thecoldwind,andthedustmadeithard...”可知，当时天冷、风大、尘土多，考古挖掘是件“不容易的”工作。3．Whatcanpeopleknowfromthecolorsofthelayersofsoil?A．Whattheweatherwaslikealongtimeago.B．Whatpeoplelivedoninancienttimes.C．Theexacttimeobsidianformed.D．Thethingsthathappenedatdifferentages.√解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“Thedifferentcolorsoftheselayersshowedwhathadhappenedatdifferentages.”可知，土层的不同颜色展示出不同时代发生的事情。√4．Themostexcitingthingforthemis

.A．tofindaplacewherepeoplecookedB．toseetheremainsofcharcoalandashesC．tofindakindofstoneusedforcuttingmeatD．todigoutsomearrowheads解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的第二句可知，他们渴望发现的东西是黑曜石，这种东西黑得透明，可用来切肉或做箭头，并且它很难找到，又很美丽，因此找到黑曜石是他们最兴奋的事。Ⅱ.完形填空OnMay4,FanJinshidonated10millionyuantosetuptheFanJinshiEducationFund.Fanis5asafamousarchaeologistinChina,andher6willsupportfurtherresearchintoDunhuang.Allpeoplepresentwere7byherloveforDunhuang.FanJinshi,also8as“theDaughterofDunhuang”，

9fromPekingUniversityandthen10fortheNorthwestDesert.Sincethen,shehas11herselftoprotectingthecavesinhistory.Fanused12technologiestoprotectthecaves,andnowDunhuang13touristsfromaroundtheworld.Today,Fanisstilltryingtopromotetalksand14betweenPekingUniversityandtheDunhuangSchool.Fansaid,“ThoughnowIwork,IamastudentofPekingUniversity,andIwasableto15tothecavesinDunhuang.Ihopethatthefundcanhelp16theDunhuangstudiesofPekingUniversity.”Thefund17Fan'sprizemoneyandhersavings.Shebelievesintakingmoneyfromtherightplaceandspendingitina18waytoensurethatitisusedforthebenefitofsociety.FanJinshi'sspeech19somanypeople,andtheresearchonChinesearchaeologywillcontinuedeveloping.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了被称为“敦煌的女儿”的樊锦诗，她致力于敦煌石窟保护和敦煌文化研究。5．A.organized B．consideredC．frightened D．encouraged√解析：根据空后的“asafamousarchaeologistinChina”可知，此处指“樊锦诗被认为是中国一位著名的考古学家”。beconsideredas“被认为是”，固定短语，故选B。√6．A.wish B．respectC．opinion D．donation解析：根据上文“FanJinshidonated10millionyuan”可知，此处指樊锦诗的捐款，故选D。√7．A.moved B．thankedC．connected D．explained解析：根据空后的“byherloveforDunhuang”可知，此处指所有在场的人都被她对敦煌的爱所感动，故选A。√8．A.known B．informedC．allowed D．sent解析：根据“as‘theDaughterofDunhuang’”可知，此处指她被称为“敦煌的女儿”。beknownas“被认为是”，故选A。√9．A.admired B．expectedC．explained D．graduated解析：根据下文“IamastudentofPekingUniversity”可知，樊锦诗毕业于北京大学，故选D。√10．A.setup B．breakoutC．setoff D．breakdown解析：下文“Sincethen,shehas

herselftoprotectingthecavesinhistory.”提到她从那以后就一直做着保护石窟工作，故此处指“前往西北大漠”。setoff“动身前往”，故选C。√11．A.applied B．repliedC．supplied D．relied解析：结合上文“theDaughterofDunhuang”提到她被称为“敦煌的女儿”可知，她应是一直致力于保护敦煌石窟。applyoneselftodoingsth.“专心/致力于做某事”，故选A。√12．A.delicious B．uniqueC．false D．dizzy解析：根据“toprotectthecaves”可知，此处指“用独特的技术保护洞穴”，故选B。√13．A.affects B．welcomesC．offers D．shares解析：根据语境及空后的“touristsfromaroundtheworld”可知，敦煌是旅游景点，应是欢迎来自全世界的游客，故选B。√14．A.description B．definitionC．responsibility D．exchanges解析：空处和“talks”并列，结合空后的“betweenPekingUniversityandtheDunhuangSchool”可知，此处指推动双方之间的对话和交流。故选D。√15．A.lead B．oweC．contribute D．sick解析：根据下文“Ihopethatthefundcanhelp

theDunhuangstudiesofPekingUniversity.”可知，樊锦诗捐款成立基金会是为敦煌的石窟做贡献，故选C。√16．A.improve B．riseC．dream D．devote解析：结合语境以及“thefund”可知，基金会应是为了帮助提高对敦煌的研究，故选A。√17．A.showsup B．consistsofC．takesoff D．standsout解析：根据主语“Thefund”以及空后的“Fan'sprizemoneyandhersavings”可知，此处指基金是由她的奖金和积蓄构成。showup“出现”；consistof“包括；由……组成”；takeoff“脱掉，成功”；standout“突出”。故选B。√18．A.final B．luckyC．wise D．simple解析：根据空后的“itisusedforthebenefitofsociety”可知，此处指明智地使用金钱，故选C。√19．A.included B．remindedC．cared D．inspired解析：结合上文樊锦诗的发言以及空后的“andtheresearchonChinesearchaeologywillcontinuedeveloping”可知，她的演讲激励了很多人，故选D。Ⅲ.语法填空Inherchildhood,LiZhenxiaalwaysdreamed1buyingabeautifuloil-paperumbrellainastoreinhervillage.Butitwastooexpensiveforherfamilytoaffordoneatthetime.Today,asabusinesswoman,Lidevotesherself2(entire)toprotectingthisculturalheritageb