中考英语语法之被动语态课件

初中英语语法被动语态英语中有两种语态：主动语态(theactivevoice)和被动语态(thepassivevoice)，分别构成主动句和被动句。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系：主语是谓语动作的承受者。一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，需要在被动语态中指出动作的执行者时可用介词by引出。被动语态的定义被动句：Thebikeisfixedbytheworker.主语，谓语动作的承受者谓语谓语动作的发出者主动句：Theworkerfixesthebike.主语，谓语动作的发出者谓语宾语，谓语动作的承受者强调动作的承受者Thishousewasbuiltin1990.这座房子建于1990年。(强调的是“房子”被建造)Thewindowwasbrokenlastnight.昨晚窗户被打碎了。(强调的是“窗户”被打破)被动语态的用法不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者Mybikewasstolenyesterday.我的自行车昨天被偷了。(不知道是谁偷的)Themeetingroomiscleanedeverymorning.会议室每天早上都会被打扫。(重点是“会议室被打扫”，无须指出是谁打扫的)动作的发出者是物而不是人Theroofwasblownoffbythestrongwind.屋顶被强风吹走了。(thestrongwind是动作的发出者，但无主观意愿)Thecitywasdestroyedbytheearthquake.城市被地震摧毁了。(theearthquake是动作的发出者，但无主观意愿)用于客观、正式的文体(如：科技文章、新闻报道、官方文件、说明书等)，以显得客观中立Sampleswereheatedto100℃foronehour.样本被加热至100摄氏度，持续了一小时。(标准实验步骤描述，聚焦于样本承受的动作)Severalarrestsweremadefollowinglastnight’sprotests.在昨晚的抗议活动后，实施了数次逮捕。(客观报道事件结果，不指明执行者，符合新闻报道的中立原则)be+过去分词基本结构过去分词的变形规则举例大多数动词后加edplant—plantedplay—played以e结尾的动词，后面直接加dlike—liked

hope—hoped以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加edstudy—studied

carry—carried以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写最后的辅音字母，再加edstop—stopped

plan—planned规则变化被动语态的结构规则举例三形同体cut—cut—cutread—read—read(读音不同)put—put—put...过去式与过去分词一致bring—brought—broughtsend—sent—sentkeep—kept—kept...三形均不同take—took—takensee—saw—seenwrite—wrote—written...不规则变化各时态的结构一般现在时主动语态：do/doesShecleanstheroom.她打扫房间。被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词Theroomiscleanedbyher.房间被她打扫。Theroomisnotcleaned

byher.她没有打扫房间。Istheroomcleanedbyher?房间是她打扫的吗？一般过去时主动语态：didHefixedthebike.他修理了自行车。被动语态：was/were+过去分词Thebikewasfixedbyhim.自行车被他修理了。Thebikewasn’tfixedbyhim.自行车不是他修理的。Was

thebikefixedbyhim?

自行车是他修理的吗？一般将来时主动语态：will/shall/am/is/aregoingtodoTheywillbuildanewschoolnextyear.他们明年将会新建一所学校。被动语态：will/shall(少见)/am/is/aregoingtobe+过去分词Anewschoolwillbebuiltnextyear.明年将新建一所学校。Thetreesshallnotbecutdown.这些树不会被砍伐。Isthemeetinggoingtobecanceled?会议要被取消吗？过去将来时主动语态：would/was/weregoingtodoHesaidhewouldcome.他说他会来的。Ithoughtitwasgoingtorain.我原以为会下雨的。被动语态：would/was/weregoingtobe+过去分词Theletterwasgoingtobesentthenextday.这封信将于次日寄出。Theroomwouldnotbecleaned.房间不会被打扫了。Wouldtheroombecleaned?房间会被打扫吗？现在进行时主动语态：am/is/aredoingHeiswateringtheflowers.他正在给花浇水。被动语态：am/is/are+being+过去分词Theflowersarebeingwatered.花正在被浇灌。Theflowersaren’tbeingwatered.花没在被浇灌。Aretheflowersbeingwatered?花正在被浇灌吗？过去进行时主动语态：was/weredoingTheywereusingthecaratthattime.那时他们正在用车。被动语态：was/were+being+过去分词Thecarwasbeingusedatthattime.那时候车在被使用。Thecarwasnotbeingusedatthattime.那时候车没有被使用。Was

thecarbeingusedatthattime?那时候车在被使用吗？现在完成时主动语态：have/has+过去分词Someonehasstolenmybicycle.有人偷了我的自行车。被动语态：have/hasbeen+过去分词Mybicyclehasbeenstolen.我的自行车被偷了。Mybicyclehasn’tbeenstolen.我的自行车没有被偷。Hasyourbicyclebeenstolen?你的自行车被偷了吗？过去完成时主动语态：had+过去分词Someonehadlockedthedoorbeforewearrived.我们到达之前，已经有人把门锁上了。被动语态：hadbeen+过去分词Thedoorhadbeenlockedbeforewearrived.我们到达之前，门已经被锁上了。Thedoorhadn’tbeenlockedbeforewearrived.我们到达之前，门并没有被锁上。Hadthedoorbeenlockedbeforeyouarrived?你们到达之前，门已经被锁上了吗？主动语态：情态动词+doTheymustfinishtheworktomorrow.他们明天必须完成这项工作。被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词Thewindowmightbebrokenbythewindlastnight.窗户昨晚可能被风吹破了。Thedoorcannotbeopenedwithoutakey.没有钥匙，这门无法被打开。Shouldthepatientbemovedtoanotherroom?病人应该被转移到另一个房间吗？含情态动词的被动语态找出主动句的宾语，将其变成被动句的主语；将主动句的谓语变成“be+及物动词的过去分词”，be根据主动句的时态及被动句主语的数进行相应变化；主动句的主语变成被动句中by的宾语(或省略)。主动句：主语(执行者)+谓语动词+宾语(承受者).被动句：主语(原宾语/承受者)+be+过去分词+(by+原主语/执行者).主动语态变被动语态转换规则主动句：Millionsofpeoplereadthisnewspaper.找宾语宾语变主语变谓语找主语主语放by后被动句：Thisnewspaperisreadbymillionsofpeople.某些感官动词，如look,sound,smell,taste,feel,seem,appear等Thesilkfeelssmooth.丝绸摸起来光滑。Hisvoicesoundedstrangeonthephone.他的声音在电话里听着挺怪的。Itseemsafoolishdecisionnow.现在看来这是一个愚蠢的决定。主动形式表被动意义主语为物+不及物性质的及物动词+副词此类动词有：sell

(销售)、write

(书写)、read

(阅读)、wash

(洗)、cut

(切割)、wear

(穿着)、cook

(烹饪)此类副词有：well,easily,quickly,smoothly等ThiskindofT-shirtsellswell.这种T恤卖得好。Thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写起来很流畅。表示“开始、结束、继续、开放、关闭等的动词此类动词有：begin,start,end,finish,continue,open,close等。Whattimedoestheshowstart?表演什么时候开始？Theexhibitioncontinuesuntil25July.展览举行至7月25日为止。Thehospitalclosedattheendoflastyear.这所医院去年年底关闭了。主语为物+be+描述事物性质的形容词+todo此类形容词有：easy(容易的)、difficult(困难的)、hard(艰难的)、interesting(有趣的)、important(重要的)、impossible(不可能的)等。Thehomeworkiseasytofinish.这份作业很容易完成。Themathproblemisdifficulttoworkout.这道数学题很难解出来。表示“需要”的动词need/want/require+doing当need/want/require后接doing时，主动形式的动名词表被动含义，相当于tobedone，主语通常是物。Thebikeneedsrepairing.=Thebikeneedstoberepaired.这辆自行车需要修理。Themachinerequireschecking.=Themachinerequirestobechecked.这台机器需要检查。不及物动词和不及物动词短语常见不及物动词：appear(出现),arrive,come,die,disappear,exist,fall,happen,lie(躺),occur,rise,sit,sleep,stand,stay等。常见不及物动词短语：takeplace,breakout,cometrue,runout,takeoff等。Thesunrisesintheeast.太阳从东方升起。Thewarbrokeoutin1939.战争于1939年爆发。无被动语态的情况系动词常见系动词：be,become,seem,appear,feel,look,smell,taste,sound,remain,stay,keep等。Theweathergetscolderandcolder.天气变得越来越冷。Shekeptsilentinthemeeting.她在会议上保持沉默。表示“拥有、占有、包含、适合”等关系的动词此类动词有：have,own,possess,belongto,contain，hold,include,suit,fit等。TheislandsbelongtoSpain.这些岛屿隶属西班牙。Thisdrinkdoesn’tcontainanyalcohol.这种饮料不含任何酒精。Thisdresssuitsyou.这条裙子适合你。宾语是反身代词、相互代词(eachother/oneanother)、同源宾语、动名词或不定式时Shedressedherselfquickly.她快速地穿好衣服。Theylookedateachotherandlaughed.他们彼此看了看便笑了起来。Shelivedahappylife.她度过了幸福的一生。Ienjoyreading.我喜欢阅读。Shewantstoleave.她想离开。Acaraccident______nearourschoollastnight.Luckily,noonewashurt.A.happened B.washappenedC.hashappened D.ishappening分析句意：昨晚我们学校附近发生了一起车祸。幸运的是，没有人受伤。考查不及物动词无被动语态的用法。happen是不及物动词，其动作没有对应的承受者，不能用于被动语态。结合时间状语lastnight可知用一般过去时。例题剖析Abigfire______intheforestlastnight.Thankstothefirefighters,noonewashurt.A.brokeout B.was