2026届中考英语总复习（人教版）专题13 简单句考点归纳（原卷版）

专题13简单句考点归纳考情分析考点考向基本句型①简单句的五种基本句型②Therebe结构陈述句①肯定句：主语+谓语（+其他）.②否定句：主语+don't/doesn't/didn't+动词原形（+其他）.主语+amnot/isn't/aren't/can't/hasn't/haven't/...+...疑问句①一般疑问句：Do/Does/Did+主语+动词原形（+其他）？Am/Is/Are/Can/Has/Have/...+主语+...？②特殊疑问句：What/Who/When/Where/Why/How/Howoften/...+一般疑问句？祈使句①肯定形式：动词原形（+...）/...②否定形式：Don't+动词原形（+...）/...感叹句①what引导的感叹句：What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语）!What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！②how引导的感叹句：How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）!考点1简单句的基本句型一、简单句的五种基本句型1.主语+不及物动词Ilivenearasupermarket.（nearasupermarket为状语，作修饰成分）2.主语+及物动词+宾语Weboughtanexpensivehouse.（expensive为定语，作修饰成分）3.主语+系动词+表语Alloftheseexperiencesareinterestingforus.（forus为状语，作修饰成分）4.主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Doingsportsbringsushealth.拓展通常间接宾语是人，直接宾语是物，即“动词+sb.+sth.”。如果动词后为某物，则需要加上介词to/for再加某人，即“动词+sth.+to/for+sb.”。如：buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.（给某人买某物）；send/show/returnsb.sth.=send/show/returnsth.tosb.（给某人寄送/展示某物/归还某物给某人）。5.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语Wefoundthebookinteresting.随堂训练1．（25-26九年级上·北京·开学考试）Whichofthefollowingsentencesfollowsthestructureof“S（主）+V（谓）+IO（间宾）+DO（直宾）”?A．Autumnleavesturnbrown. B．Tommydoessomereadingeveryday.C．Ifoundhimveryinteresting. D．Sandy’smumboughtheranewhat.2．（2024七年级上·河南郑州·专题练习）Whichofthefollowingisthesameas“Isawhimplayingthepiano.”insentencepattern?A．WecallherMissZhang. B．Igavehimanewpencil.C．HelikesEnglishverymuch. D．Theywereathomeyesterday.3．（2025·甘肃平凉·三模）Thesentencestructureof“Tomisplayingbasketball.”is________.A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC4．（2025·安徽六安·模拟预测）Thesentencestructureof“MrZhangteachesusEnglish.”is_________.A．S+V+DO B．S+V+IO+DOC．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P5．（2024·甘肃武威·模拟预测）Thesentencepatternof“StayingwithstudentsbringsJackmuchpleasure.”is________.A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+O+OC二、Therebe结构（存现句）1.结构及意义：“Therebe+某物/某人+某地/某时”结构表示“某地或某时有某物或某人”。例：ThereisagoodmovieonTVtonight.（今天晚上电视上有一部好电影。）2.Therebe结构的就近原则：be动词的单复数形式必须和Therebe之后的第一个主语保持一致。例：Thereisanappleandtwobooksonthetable.3.Therebe结构的时态：Therebe结构时态的变化体现在be动词上，而且be动词可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。时态结构例句一般现在时Thereis/are...Therearefortystudentsintheclassroom.一般过去时Therewas/were...TherewasatalkshowonTVyesterday.一般将来时Therewillbe...或Thereis/aregoingtobe...TherewillbeaconcertonSaturday.Thereisgoingtobeafootballgametomorrow.随堂训练1．（25-26九年级上·上海静安·期中）Thenoticesaidthere________abasketballmatchinourschoolnextweek.A．willbe B．is C．wouldhave D．wouldbe2．（2025·云南丽江·一模）—WhatexcitingeventwillhappeninourschoolnextMonday?—There__________asingingcompetitioninourschool.A．isgoingtohave B．willhave C．isgoingtobe D．aregoingtobe38．（23-24九年级上·江苏徐州·月考）Couldyoutellme________ameetinginGuangzhounextweek?A．whetheristheregoingtobe B．whetherthereisgoingtohaveC．iftherewasgoingtobe D．ifthereisgoingtobe4．（25-26九年级上·甘肃武威·开学考试）There________alotmoreplacestoenjoyinWuweiinthefuture.A．are B．willbe C．willhave D．isgoingtohave5．（24-25七年级下·全国·单元测试）Ihopethere________raintomorrowbecausewewillgooutforapicnic.A．tobeno B．willbenotmuch C．willnotbemuch D．willhave考点2句子种类句子按其用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类。一、陈述句陈述句用来陈述事实或表达说话者的看法，分为肯定句和否定句。句末通常用句号。类型结构或用法例句肯定句基本结构：主语+谓语（+其他）Iplayedbasketballyesterday.否定句谓语部分只有实义动词时：主语+don't/doesn't/didn't+谓语动词原形Theydidn'tplaybasketballyesterday.谓语部分含有系动词be、助动词、情态动词时，否定形式为在它们后面直接加notJimisn'tplayingfootballnow.Wecan'tlivewithoutwater.随堂训练1．（25-26九年级下·河北石家庄·开学考试）Mybrother________anewbag,butI________.A．has;don’t B．have;doesn’t C．has;doesn’t D．have;don’t2．（25-26九年级上·上海虹口·月考）Tom________anyhelpbecausehecandotheworkhimself.A．needs B．doesn’tneedto C．doesn’tneed D．needn’t3．（25-26九年级上·江西抚州·期中）I________sleepverywell,butthenIstarteddoingyogaanditreallyhelps.A．usedto B．wasusedto C．didn’tuseto D．wasn’tusedto二、疑问句1.疑问句的分类和结构类型含义及特点结构例句一般疑问句以系动词be、助动词或情态动词开头，可以用yes或no来回答谓语部分只有实义动词时：Do/Does/Did+主语+谓语动词原形+（其他）？—DoessheliveinBeijing?—Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.谓语部分含有系动词be、情态动词或助动词时，系动词be、情态动词或助动词在主语前—Areyouamiddleschoolstudent?—Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.—HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?—Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven't.特殊疑问句由疑问词（组）引导，不能用yes或no来回答疑问词（组）+一般疑问句？—Wheredoesshelive?—ShelivesinBeijing.选择疑问句在两种或两种以上情况中进行选择的疑问句；回答不用yes或no，而是一个完整的句子或其省略形式一般选择疑问句：一般疑问句+or+被选择的内容之一？—Doyoulikeapplesorpears?—Ilikepears.特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问句，AorB？—Whichdoyoulikebetter,teaorcoffee?—Ilikecoffeebetter.2.疑问词（组）类型疑问词（组）含义及用法示例疑问代词what“什么”，没有指定的范围Whatwouldyoulike?询问某人的职业—What'syourfather?—Heisateacher.which“哪一个/些”，范围明确Whichisyourfavouriteseason?who“谁”，询问某人的身份、姓名，作主语或宾语（紧跟在介词后面时只能用whom）Whoistheboyunderthetree?Who/Whomareyoutalkingto?whom“谁”，who的宾格形式，作宾语Towhomareyoutalking?whose“谁的”，多位于名词前Whosebookisthis?疑问副词（词组）when“什么时候”，问时间Whendoyougetup?where“在哪里”，问地点Whereismyruler?why“为什么”，问原因（常用because或不定式回答）Whydoyoulikespring?WhydidTomgotothelibraryyesterday?how“怎样”，问方式—Howdoyougotoschool?—Bybike/bus.howfar“多远”，问距离Howfarisitfromhere?howlong“多久”，问持续时间（常用“for+时间段”回答）—HowlonghaveyoulivedinBeijing?—Fortenyears.“多长”，问长度HowlongistheYellowRiver?howoften“多久一次”，问频率（可以用“once/twice/threetimes+时间段”或everyday等回答）—Howoftendoyougotothecinema?—Twiceamonth.howsoon“多久”，问要多长时间（常用“in+时间段”回答）—Howsooncanyoufinishit?—Inanhour.howmuch“多少钱”，问价格Howmuchisthemilk?“多少”，问不可数名词的量Howmuchwaterisleft?howmany“多少”，问可数名词的数量Howmanydaysarethereinayear?howold“多大年纪”，问年龄Howoldareyou?随堂训练1．（25-26九年级下·北京·开学考试）—Excuseme,I’mnewhere.________isthetrainstationfromthisschool?—It’sabouttwokilometersaway.A．Howlong B．Howmuch C．Howfar D．Howmany2．（25-26九年级上·北京通州·月考）—________doyouusuallygotothelibrary?—Twiceaweek.A．Howlong B．Howoften C．Howfar D．Howsoon3．（25-26九年级上·安徽亳州·期末）—________studentsarethereinyourclass?—________42students,22girlsand20boys.A．Howmuch;Thereis B．Howmuch;TherehasC．Howmany;Thereare D．Howmany;Therehave4．（2026九年级·全国·专题练习）—________isitfromyourhometoschool?—Abouttwokilometers.A．Howlong B．Howoften C．Howsoon D．Howfar三、祈使句祈使句用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告、建议等。主语you常常省略，谓语动词用原形。类型结构例句肯定形式动词原形（+...）ReadEnglishloud!Bequiet!let+宾语+动词原形（+...）Letmehelpyou.否定形式don't+动词原形（+...）Don'ttalkinclass.Don'tbelateagain!no+名词/动词的-ing形式Nosmoking.（=Don'tsmoke.）never+动词原形（+...）Nevergiveup!let+宾语+not+动词原形（+...）Let'snottalkaboutit.拓展“祈使句,and/or+含有一般将来时的陈述句”句型此句型中，祈使句表示条件，在意义上相当于一个条件状语从句。and表顺承;or表不做某事的后果，意为“否则”。如：Studyhard,andyouwillgetabettergradenexttime.随堂训练1．（25-26九年级下·吉林长春·开学考试）________,Tutu,oryouwillbelateforclass.Thereareonlytwominutesleft.A．Hurryup B．Tohurryup C．Hurryingup D．Hurriedup2．（25-26九年级上·上海静安·期中）Jane,________eattoomanysweets.Theyarebadforyourteeth.A．notto B．doesn’t C．don’t D．not3．（2026九年级·全国·专题练习）Don’t______lateforschoolagain.A．be B．is C．are D．was4．（2026·上海嘉定·一模）Ifthereisanyproblemwiththesmartcleaner,________themanagerdirectly,please.A．contact B．tocontact C．contacting D．contacted四、感叹句感叹句是用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子。常用what和how引导。类别结构例句what引导的感叹句What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语）!Whatabeautifulgirl（sheis）!What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词（+主语+谓语）!Whatimportantjobs（theyhavedone）!Whatgoodnews（itis）!how引导的感叹句How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）!Howdelicious（thenoodlesare）!Howfast（theriverruns）!易错提示what引导的感叹句中心词是名词；how引导的感叹句中心词是形容词/副词。如“__interestingbookstheseare!”的中心词为books，句中theseare为主语和谓语，因此填What；而“__interestingthebooksare!”的中心词是interesting，thebooksare为主语和谓语，因此填How。随堂训练1．（25-26九年级上·云南昆明·期末）________greatprogressChinahasmadeintechnology,suchasin5GandAI!A．What B．Whata C．Howa D．How2．（2026九年级·云南·专题练习）________amazingachievementtheChinesescientistshavemadeinthefieldofquantumcomputing(量子计算)!A．What B．Whatan C．How D．Howan3．（2026九年级·云南·专题练习）________excitingnewsitis!Chinahassuccessfullylaunchedanotherspacestationmodule.A．What B．Whatan C．How D．Howan4．（25-26九年级下·江西上饶·开学考试）—JennywonfirstprizeinSharingChineseStoriesinEnglishCompetition.—________greatnewsitis!HerEnglishusedtobeprettybad.A．Howa B．How C．Whata D．What5．（22-23九年级上·河南郑州·期末）—________excellentworkyouhavedone!—It’sverykindofyoutosayso.A．Whatan B．How C．What D．Howan综合训练一．单句语法填空1．There（be）manymodernhigh-speedrailwaysinJiangsuandtheyhelppeopletraveleasily.2．Wehopethere（be）acomputeroneverystudent'sdeskinthefuture.3．There（be）notanyteststomeasurehowkindyouaretoyourfriends,orhowmuchyoulovetodraw.4．There（be）afewthingsthatyoucando.5．Agreatsayingalwayshelpsalot.There（be）alotofgreatChinesesayingsandmanyofthemareabouthowtoliveagoodlife.6．Therewillbe（rain）tomorrow.Wecan'teatout.Wehavetostayathome.7．Itwasgettingcolderandcolder,andthere（be）lessthan10peopleinthesquare.8．Scientistsworrythatsoonthere（notbe）enoughwaterforus.Whatcanwedotohelp?Usewaterwisely.9．strangeitwas!Ileftmybookonthedesk,butitwasonthesofawhenIcameback.（close）youreyesandletmusicpaintpicturesinyourmind.Whenthemusicends,（open）youreyesandwritedownwhatyouremember.11．There（be）somegoodadviceandwaysabouthowtousetheInternetcorrectlyandwisely.12．Thecheersfilledtheair.anexcitingbasketballgame!13．—Attention,please!（stay）insidebecauseoftheheavyrain.—Wewill,Mr.Li.14．usefulknowledgetheastronautinTiangongClassroomhastaughtus!15．Lastly,actnow!Speakclearly,（raise）yourheadandyou'llnoticethedifferenceinthewayyoufeelandthewaypeopleseeyou.16．—Dad,shallwegotothelibrarybybikeorbycar?—Bybike.There（be）noparkinglotthere.17．（keep）tryinganddoyourbest.18．—ThepencantranslatewhatyouwritedownintoEnglish.—aninterestinginvention!19．（spend）lesstimeonthephoneatnight,oryouwillfindithardtofallasleep.20．TheC919,China'sself-madelargeplane,isnowinuse.excitingthenewsis!21．Sometimeshergrandchildrensaytoher,“Please（notgo）outinyourcarallbyyourself,Granny.Wecantakeyoutotheshops.”二、翻译句子1．不用时，请关掉电灯、电视和电脑。___________________________________________________________________2．我们能做什么来帮助有需要的人？________________________________________3．别放弃！尽最大的努力，你一定会成功！__________________________________________________4．我们的学校旅行多么不寻常!我永远不会忘。（what）______________________________________________________________5．无论你做什么，都不要失去勇气。（whatever,never）__________________________________________6．这个周末，秦皇岛有一场大型音乐会。__________________________________________________________7．你通常怎样使用零花钱?（spend）____________________________________________8．让我们看看十年后我们中多少人能实现自己的梦想。__________________________________________________________________三．语法选择A（2025·广东佛山·三模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。39-year-oldLiuisashopownerinXinjiang.Daysago,he1bypeopleforpatientlypickingahatforasickchildandgivingittothechildforfree.Themovingstorytookplacein2children’sclothesshopinXinjiangonDecember31.Thatdayawomanwithachildwalkedintotheshopandstoodinfrontofashelffilledwith3foralongtime.Thechildlookedpaleandhismotherwasn’tsurewhichhattopick.Seeingthat,theshopownerLiutalkedwiththemothertoseeifhecouldhelp4.Afterknowingthatthechildwasreceivingchemotherapy(化疗),Liudecided5himahatforfree.Hethenputdifferenthatsonthechild6untilhechosehisfavouriteone.Themotherwasverythankful7Liu.LiuisfromZhengzhou,Henan.Heandhiswife8ashopsellingchildren’sclothesinXinjiangyearsago.Thecouplehavesentclothesworth20,000yuantopoorchildren9theystartedtheshop.“Thehatisn’tworthmuch.Ijusthopeitwillbringwarmthtohim.Ijustwanttobekinderand10inthefuture.Everyoneshouldshowalittlelovetoothers,especiallythosewhoareinneed.”Liusaid.1．A．praised B．ispraised C．waspraised2．A．a B．an C．the3．A．hat B．hats C．hats’4．A．they B．them C．their5．A．give B．giving C．togive6．A．care B．careful C．carefully7．A．to B．from C．with8．A．open B．opened C．willopen9．A．since B．while C．unless10．A．helpful B．morehelpful C．themosthelpfulB（2025·广东佛山·三模）Nasheng,a32-year-olddoctor,worksinasmalltowninYunnanandtakescareofmorethan5,400villagershere.1achild,shesawherfamilyhavetroublegettingmedicalhelpininlandareas.Longjourneysandlanguageproblemsmadeiteven2.Therefore,shestudiedmedicineincollegeandcameback3herhometown.WhenshejoinedYanglaTownHealthCenterin2021,lifewasn’teasy.Shelivedinatinyroom4hadlittleafter-workfun.“Lifeherewas5,butIneverthoughtofleaving,”shesmiled.Tohelpmorepeople,freemobilehealthchecks6invillageseverymonth.Shenoticedthat7oldcouldn’tgettreatmentagain,becausethehealthcenterwastoofar.Shesuggestedbuildingabasichealthstation.Nowithasadoctor,bringingcareclosertothevillagers.Villagersarethankfulfor8shehasdone.An80-year-oldgrandmaoncebought9somefreshfruitfromanothertown.VillagersalsoinvitedhertojointheircelebrationsduringthelastSpringFestival.“MaybeI10tocollegeoneday,”shesaid,“butI’llalwayscomeback.Thisismyhome.”JustlikeNasheng,weshouldusewhatwelearntotakecareofthelandthatraisedus.1．A．As B．For C．With2．A．hard B．harder C．hardest3．A．help B．helping C．tohelp4．A．and B．or C．but5．A．bored B．boring C．boredom6．A．offered B．wereoffered C．wereoffering7．A．a B．an C．the8．A．what B．that C．how9．A．she B．her C．hers10．A．go B．went C．willgo四．选词填空A（2025·广东佛山·三模）请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空，使文章语法正确、完整连贯，并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。注意：每空一词，每词仅用一次。they

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slowTheoldsaying“Goodmedicinetastesbitter.”maybenolongertrue.Foralongtime,TraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)isthoughttobegoodforhealthbutnot1toeatordrink.However,thingsaredifferentnow.AcreativeTCMmilkteais2byChongqingJiangbeiDistrictHospitalofTCM.It’snotsosweet3commonmilkteaandhasalittleherbal(药草的)smell.“TheTCMmilkteaispopular.Almosteveryonewhotrieditsharesthespecialtastewiththeirfriends,”saysadoctorinthehospital.Atthesametime,some4sellfoodanddrinkswithTCM.Youcanhavebreadandcakeswithlowsugarandicecreamthatiscoolbutcanhelpyoulowerthesummerheat5.TCMfoodanddrinksarepopularamongyoungpeople.Foronething,youngpeopleare6becauseoftheirbusywork.Theyalwayscallthemselves“crispyskinyouths”(脆皮青年).That’swhytheywantto7theirpoordiets.Foranother,it’shardfor8togiveuptheirloveforjunkfood.Theythink9willbeboringwithouttastyfood.NowdifferentkindsofTCMfoodanddrinksweremadetomeettheneedsfordifferenttastesbythescientistsanddoctors,10moreandmoreyoungpeoplechooseTCMfoodanddrinks.B（2025·广东佛山·三模）请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空，使文章语法正确、完整连贯，并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。注意：每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。while

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beatHotpot,apopulardish,hasalonghistoryofabouttwothousandyearsinChina.1sittingaroundawarmpotatatablewithyourfriendsandfamily.Everyoneislaughing,telling2andcookingtheirfoodrightinthepot.Thisisn’tjustabouteating.It’sabouthavingagoodtimetogether.Thestoryofhotpotstartedbecausepeopleneededtokeep3inwinter.Theyfoundeatingmeatandvegetablesfromapotofhotsoupmade4feelcomfortableandfull.Thenhotpotstartedasacommonwayto5thecold.ThenitgrewintoatraditionandspreadalloverChina.Astimewentby,eachpartofChinamadeitsownspecialkind6hotpot.Forexample,Sichuanmadeaspicyhotpot,7Beijingpreferredaclearsoupwiththinpiecesofmutton.Thisshowshowone8ideacanchangeintosomanydifferentanddeliciousdishes.Now,peopleallaroundtheworldenjoyhotpot.It9showshowfoodcanbringustogether.It’smorethanjusta10.It’sawaytobringpeoplecloser,sharejoyandcreategoodmemories.五．语法填空A（2025·浙江湖州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。AnEnglishteacherfromNewZealandrecentlyexploredthebeautifulcountrysideofBaodinginNorthChina’sHebeiProvincebycyclingwithhisfamily.Alongwithmorethan100cyclists,Robert’swholefamily1(take)partinthe“RidinginBaoding”eventonSaturday,experiencing2naturalbeauty,richcultureandprosperityofcountryside.“I’vebeeninBaodingforalmost10yearsandhavewitnessedtherapiddevelopmenthere,especiallyintheruralareaswherepeoplearekindandlivinga3(good)lifethanbefore,”saidthe56-year-oldRobert.RobertcametoBaodingin2015andhasworkedatHebeiFinanceUniversity4anEnglishteacher.HealsomarriedaChinesewomanandtheylive5