大学英语四级模拟试卷41

大学英语四级模拟试卷41

一、作文（本题共7题，每题7.0分，共7分。）

1、Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicAJob­

searchingExperience.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcomposition

ontheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:I.介绍得到这次求职信息而途径2.叙述这次

求职经历的全过程3.谈谈你对这次经历的感受或体会AJob-SearchingExperience

标准答案：AJob-searchingExperienceLastFridaymyEnglishteachertoldmethat

oneofherfriendswaslookingforanEnglishgoverness.Iaskedforherfriend'sname

andphonenumber,determinedtoseizethechanceandhave

知识点解析：从文章的内容看，这是一篇记叙文。核心内容是叙述清楚求职的经

过。一般来说，求职过程都有一个相对固定的顺序，因此，叙述时要注意顺序合

理，对各环节的叙述也要做到详略得当。第一段；介绍得到这次求职信息的途

径。第二段：叙述这次求职经历的全过程。第三段：指出自己从这次经历中得到

的启发。

二、快速阅读理解（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共7。

分。）

JobsApersonplanningfbracareertodaymustlookcarefullyattheexpected

occupationaltrendsandchangesinthejobmarket.Affectingtheeconomyarechangesin

thesize,age,anddistributionofthepopulation,aswellasdevelopmentsintechnology.

Thesechange&alsoaffectemploymentopportunities.Forexample,anagingpopulation

hasincreasedtheneedformedicalcareandotherhealthservices.Computertechnology

hasnotonlyeliminatedorchangedthenatureofmanyjobsbutalsocreatednew

occupations.Byanalyzingthechangingeconomyandthefactorscausingthesechanges,

apersoncanforecast,orpredict,futuretrendsinemployment.ANewLaborForceThe

UnitedStateslaborforcethetotalnumberofpeopleovertheageof16whoarcemployed

orareactivelyseekingworktotaled127millionin1992.Bytheyear2005,thelabor

forceisexpectedtoreach151million,anincreaseof19%.Thisincreaserepresentsa

slightslowdowninthegrowthofthelaborforcecomparedwithgrowthduringthe

previous13-yearperiod,1979to1992.Theslowdownislargelyduetoslowerpopulation

growthintheUnitedStates.TheU.S.laborforcewillbecomemorediverseby2005.

Whitenon-Hispanicmenwillmakeupaslightlysmallerproportionofthelaborforce

thanin1992,whilewomenandminoritygroupmemberswillmakeupalargershare.

Between1992and2006,blacks,Hispanics,Asians,andotherethnic（种族的）groupswill

accountfbrroughly36%ofallpeopleenteringtheworkforce.Inaddition,womenwill

continuetojointhelaborforceingrowingnumbers.In1979,womenmadeup42%ofthe

laborforce.By2006,theirshareisexpectedtobe48%.TheagemakeupoftheU.S.

populationwillchangefrom1992to2005.Therewillbeasmallerproportionofchildren

andteenagersandalargerproportionofmiddle-agedandolderpeople.Thedeclineinthe

proportionofchildrenandteenagersreflectsthelowerbirthratesofthe1980sand1990s.

Thelargeincreaseinthemiddle-agedpopulationreflectstheagingofthebabyboom

generationpeoplebornbetween1946and1964.Therapidgrowthoftheolderpopulation

reflectsboththehighbirthratesbeforethe1930sandimprovementsinmedical

technologythatareallowingAmericanstolivelonger.Thechangingagemake-upofthe

U.S.populationwilldirectlyaffecttomorrow'sworkforce.Youngpeopleaged16to24

arcexpectedtomakeuproughlythesamepercentageofthelaborforcein2005asthey

didin1992.However,thepercentageofworkersaged25to34willdeclinedramatically,

from28%to21%.Thebabyboomgenerationwillcontinuetoaddmemberstothework

force,buttheirsharewilldeclineslightly.Themoststrikingchangewillbealarge

increaseinthepercentageofworkersbetweentheagesof46and54.Theseworkerswill

accountfor24%ofthelaborforcein2005,upfrom18%in1992.Workersinthisage

groupusuallyhavemoreemploymentexperiencethanyoungerworkers.Thus,employers

willbeabletochoosefromalargerpoolofexperiencedapplicants,peopleseekingjobs,

incomingyears.Education:APrerequisite（先决条件）forEmploymentTheeducation

levelofthelaborforcehasrisendramaticallyinrecentyears.In1980,forexample,19%

ofallworkersaged26andolderhadcompletedfouryearsofcollege.In1992,27%hada

bachelor'sdegreeorhigher.Thetrendtowardhighereducationalachievementisexpected

tocontinue.From1992to2005,employmentgrowthwillbefasterforoccupations

requiringhigherlevelsofeducationortrainingthanforthoserequiringless.Managerial,

professional,andtechnicalpositionswillmakeupanincreasingproportionofnewjobs

thatbecomeavailable.Manyoftheoccupationsprojectedforgrowmostrapidlyarethose

withhigherearnings.Officeandfactoryautomation,changesinconsumerdemand,and

themovementoffactoriesoverseaswillcontinuetoaffectjobopportunities.Employment

injobsrequiringlittlefor-maleducationmaydecline.Theymayalsostagnate,orstay

thesame,makingjobopportunitiesforpeoplewhohavenotfinishedhighschool

increasinglylimited.Inaddition,thoseworkerswillbemorelikelytohavelow-paying

jobswithlittleopportunityforadvancement.Goodsvs.ServicesTodayindustries

providingservicesemploymorepeoplethanthoseprovidinggoods.Currently,about

21%ofthelaborforceisemployedingoods-producingindustries,suchasmining,

manufacturing,andconstruction.About79%ofUnitedStatesworkersareemployedin

service-producingindustries,suchashealthcare,education,transportation,

communications,andbanking.Economistsforecastacontinuedincreaseinthenumberof

jobsinservice-producingindustries.By2005,servicejobsareexpectedtomakeup82%

ofthejobmarket.EmploymentTrendsinServiceIndustriesHealthserviceswillcontinue

tobeoneofthefastestgrowingindustriesintheU.S.economyfrom1992to2006.For

example,homehealthcareisthesecondmostrapidlygrowingindustrytoday.The

increaseddemandforhealthservicesisduetoimprovementsinmedicaltechno-logy,the

growingsizeoftheU.S.population,andtheincreasingproportionofolderpeopleinthe

population.Businessservicesalsowillgeneratemanyjobsby2005.However,this

industrywillgrowmoreslowlythanitdidfrom1979to1992.Businessservicesinclude

oneofthefastestgrowingindustriesintheU.S.economy:computeranddataprocessing

services.Thisindustry'srapidgrowthisduetoadvancesintechnology,worldwidetrends

towardofficeandfactoryautomation,andincreaseddemandbycompanies,government

agencies,andindividuals.Otherserviceindustriesalsowillexperiencegrowthfrom1992

to2005.Education,fbrexample,isexpectedtoadd2.8millionjobsduetopopulation

growthandrisingschoolenrollments.Employmentinsocialservicesisexpectedto

increaseby1.7million.Infact,themostrapidlygrowingindustryintheU.S.economy

todayisresidentialcare.Theeconomywillalsoseestrongjobgrowthinthepassenger

transportationindustry,includingtravelagencies.Employmentinthecommunications

industry,however,isexpectedtodeclineby12%.Thisdeclineisduetolabor-saving

technologyandincreasedcompetitionamongcompanies.EmploymentTrendsinGoods-

ProducingIndustriesOverallemployment,ingoods-producingindustriesisexpectedto

showlittlechangebetween1992and2005.However,growthwillvaryamongindustries,

withsomeindustriesexperiencinganincreaseinjobsandothersexperiencingadecrease.

Employmentintheconstructionindustry,forexample,isexpectedtoincrease26%,from

4.5millionin1992to5.6millionin2005.Theneedtoimprovethenation^roads,

bridges,andtunnelswilloffset(补偿)thedecliningdemandfornewhomesandoffice

buildings.Also,afterdecliningformanyyears,overallemploymentinfarming,forestry,

andfishingisprojectedtogrowby14%,from1.7millionto2millionjobs.Jobsinother

goods-producingindustrieswillcontinuetodecline.Forexample,employmentin

manufacturingisexpectedtodecreaseby3%fromits1992levelof18millionjobs.Most

ofthejobsthatwilldisappearwillbeproductionjobs,asmachinescontinuetoreplace

people.However,thenumberofprofessionalandtechnicalpositionsinmanufacturing

willincrease.Miningemployment,whichincludesthepetroleumindustry,isexpectedto

decline11%by2005,from631,000to562,000jobs.

2、ThearticledealswiththeemploymentofthefutureintheUnitedStates.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查文章的主题。需要先将文章浏览一遍。先看文章首段，第一

句引起话题，说“做职松规划的人必须关注劳动力市场卜.的就、也趋势和变化

(occupationaltrendsandchanges)”,接着提出T影响就业机会(employment

opporlunilies)同时也影响经济的两个因素——人口和技术，并分别举例说明。最后

说，分析经济的变化和这些变化的原因将帮助人们把握未来的就'也趋势(future

trendsinemployment)<>以下各段共三个部分：“ANewLaborForce”部分介绍了美国

当前和历史上劳动力大军的数量和构成，并分析对就业形势的影响，“Education”部

分分析了教育在历史上和将来对就业形势的影响；“GoodsVsServices”部分分别分

析了ServiceIndustries和Goods-ProducingIndustries内的就业趋势。所以本题题干

的表述完全正确，(heemploymentofthefuture就相当于文章中的futuretrendsin

employmento

3、Slowerpopulationincreaseislargelyresponsiblefbrtheslightslowdowninthe

growthofthelaborforce.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题定位词是theslightslowdown,涉及劳动力增长率轻微下滑的原

因。题干是关于劳动力的数量问题，故锁定“ANewLaborForce”部分。在该部分第

一段中可以找到与定位词相关的信息：aslightslowdowninthegrowthofthelabor

force,后面紧跟着指出Theslowdownislargelyduetoslowerpopulationgrowthinthe

UnitedStateso因此本题题干表述的内容正确，所不同的是题干句和原文中因与果

的位置做了互换，谓语成分相应地由bedueto换成了beresponsiblefor。

4、Workersaged25to34usuallyhavemoreemploymentexperiencethanworkersaged

16to24.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题定位词是25to34和16to24,涉及就业经验的问题。题干与劳

动力的年龄结构有关，故锁定“ANewLaborForce”部分。迅速查读，在该部分最后

一段找到对应的定位词16to24和25t。34。文中分别描述了两个年龄阶段的人在

劳动力大军中所占的比例情况，但是并没有对两个年龄阶段的人的就业经验进行比

较，所以题干中信息在文中没有提及。事实上，本段随即提到了45岁到54岁之间

的劳动者的情况，并将这个年龄阶段的劳动者与比他们年轻的劳动者在就业经验上

进行了比较，说Workersinthisagegroupusuallyhavemoreemploymentexperience

thanyoungerworkerso如果没有盯紧定位词，就很容易在发现moreemployment

experience后张冠李戴，将此题判断为正确。

5、Althoughthejobapplicantshavenotfinishedhighschool,theyarchighlylikelytobe

promoted.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题定位词是highschool,涉及文化程度不高的求职者的晋升问题。

题干与教育有关，故锁定“Education”部分。查读定位词，在本部分坡后一段找到对

应的定位词peoplewhohavenotfinishedhighschool；再寻找到与promote相关的信

息：thoseworkerswillbemorelikelytohavelow-payingjobswithlittleopportunityfor

advancemento其中advancement对应题干中的bepromoted,但原文中说的是晋升

机会很小，题干所述与原文不符，因而答案为N。

6、Morepeopleareemployedinservicesectionsthaninmanufacturingones.

A、Y

B、N

C>NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题题干是在对服务行业和制造行业的就业人数情况进行比较，锁定

“GoodsVsServices”部分。本部分第一段第一句正与题干相关；Todayindustries

providingservicesemploymorepeoplethanthoseprovidinggoodso题干所述与原文相

符。若考生没能将题干与原文对应上，原因可能是没有理解题干中的service

sections就是原文中的industriesprovidingservices；而manufacturingones就是those

providinggoods这类行业中的一个小类，这一点可以在后文中得到肯定。所以题干

的表述是正确的。

7、Theincreasingproportionofolderpeopleisoneotthereasonswhyhomehealthcare

growsfastesttoday.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题定位词是homehealthcare”家庭医疗护理”，是服务行业的具体内

容，从而锁定"GoodsVsServices”部分的EmploymentTrendsinServiceIndustrieso

该部分第一段就是与homehealthcare相关的信息。题于中关于olderpeople的信息

是正确的，theincreasingproportionofolderpeople确实是该行业增长的原因，但是

这里需要注意的是题干中关于这个行业本身的表述是错误的。题干中说home

healthcaregrowsfastest,这与原文中homehealthcareisthesecondmostrapidly

growingindustrytoday的表述不一致。所以此题题干的表述是错误的。另外，题干

以Theincreasingproportionofolderpeople开句，容易使考生错以为答案出处是在

“ANewLaborForce”部分。这一点可以根据题目顺序与行文顺序基本一致的原则排

除。

8、Employmentinallgoods-producingindustriesisexpectedtohaveafundamental

changebetween1992and2005.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干中Employmentinallgoods-producingindustries可把本题依

据锁定在标题EmploymentTrendsinGoods-ProducingIndustries下。该部分第一段

首句为本题依据。题干中Employmentinallgoods-producingindustries为原文

Overallemploymentingoods-producingindustries的同义转述，但题干中的havea

fundamentalchange与原文中的showlittlechange表述相反，故本题答案为N。

9、Businessservicesexperiencerapidgrowthasaresultofworldwideautomation,

growingdemandand

标准答案：advancesintechnology

知识点解析：本题定位词是businessservices,EmploymentTrendsinService

Industries中的第二段就是关于businessservices的介绍。找到表述rapidgrowth原

因的句子，即本段最后一句：Thisindustry'srapidgiowthisduetoadvancesin

technology,worldwidetrendstowardofficeandfactoryautomation,andincreased

demandbycompanies,governmentagencies,andindividuals,并从中提取答案。

10、Increasedcompetitionamongcompaniesandlabor-savingtechnologywill

contributetoalossofjobsin

标准答案：thecommunicationsindustry

知识点解析：本题定位词是labor-saving〔echnology。此题考查的细节相对比较隐

蔽。在EmploymentTrendsinServiceIndustries的最后可以找到定位词的相关表

述：Employmentinthecommunicationsindustry,however,isexpectedtodeclineby

12%.Thisdeclineisduetolabor-savingtechnologyandincreasedcompetitionamong

companieso

11、In1992,employmentinthemanufacturingsectionwas.

标准答案：18million

知识点解析：本题定位词为manufacturingsection。"GoodsVsServices”部分的

EmploymentTrendsinGnad-PrndncingIndustries中最后一'段提至U/manufacturing行

'也的情况：employmentinmanufacturingisexpectedtodecreaseby3%fromits1992

levelof18millionjobso

三、听力短对话（本题共8题，每题7.0分，共8分。）

12、

A^Onaplane.

B、Onabus.

C、Onatrain.

D、Inataxi.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：W:Fastenyourseatbelt,please.M:OK.Ihadnoideaweweregoingto

landsosoon.Q:Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?

13、

A、Helikestogowithher.

B、Hehasnotime.

C^Hedoesn'tfeelwelt.

D、Hedoesn'tliketheeveningparty.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：W:Wouldyougototheeveningpartywithmetonight?M:IfIdidnot

havesomuchhomework,Iwouldgowithyou.Q:Whatistrueabouttheman?

14、

A^15minutes.

B、20minutes.

C、10minutes

D、25minutes.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：W:Alwhattimewillthegamestart?M:At8o'clock,andnowmywatch

says7:45.Q:Howlongwilltheyhavetowaitbeforethegamestarts?

15、

A、Itwasquitewarm.

B、Itwasverycold.

C^Itwasmildlycold.

D、itwasbelowzero.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：M:Wasitverycoldherelastwinter?W:Notreally.Thetemperature

neverdroppedbelowfreezing.TherewasonlyalittlesnowaroundChristmas.Q:What

didthewomansayabouttheweather?

16、

A^Shehasmistakenitforhisdog.

B、Hehasanicedog.

C、Theynevergoout.

D^Theyenjoystayingathome.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：W:Isthatyourdog?He'sbeendiggingupmyflowersandchasingmy

cat.M:Itismydog,butyoumustbemistaken.Wealwayskeepitinthehouse.There

mustbeanotherdogthatlookslikehim.Q:Whatdidthemantellthewoman?

17、

A、Mowthelawn.

B、Washthecar.

C、Exerciseinthesun.

D、Noneofthese.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：W:It'ssohottoday.Iwasgoingtowashthecarandmowthelawn,but

nowI'mnotsureIshould.M:Iagree.Youshouldrelaxinheatlikethis.Toomuch

exertioncouldcauseyoutofaint.Q:Whatwillsheprobablydo?

18、

A、Shepaidbycheck.

Shedecidednottomakethepurchase.

C^Shepaidbycreditcard.

D、Sheleftwithoutpaying.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：W:Doyouacceptpersonalchecks?M:I'msorry,madam,butwedotake

mostmajorcreditcards.Thatoneisfine.Now,wouldyoulikethisgiftwrapped?Q:

Whatdidthewomando?

19、

A、Doctorandpatient.

B、Passengerandbusdriver.

C^Teacherandstudent.

D、Customerandmerchant.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：M:CouldyoupleasetellmeatwhichstopIshouldgetoffforthe

MetropolitanMuseum?Also,howmuchisthefare?W:Ofcourse,Yougetoffat82nd

streetandwalkoneblock.Tiltellyouwhenwegetthere.Thefareissixtycents;justput

itinthefarebox.Q:Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthesetwopeople?

四、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共3题，每题7.0

分，共3分。）

20、

A、HeisAmerican.

HeisAustrian.

C、HeisAustralian.

D、HeisEnglish.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：WhatnationalityisArchie?

21、

A、Thehospitalwasnamedafterthegovernor'swifeEmma.

B、AlotofChinesepeopleusedtogrowvegetablesinEmmaVille.

C、EmmaVilleusedtoproduce400,000tonsoftinayear.

D、ThelastminethatwasinEmmaVillecloseddown28yearsago.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothis

conversation?

22、

A、Heis48yearsoldnow.

B、Heis56yearsoldnow.

C>Heis64yearsoldnow.

D、Heis70yearsoldnow.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：HowoldisArchienow?

五、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分,共4分。）

23、

ANNanaisthemostpopularcomicseriesinJapanbecauseit'salovestory.

B、NanaisthemostpopularcomicseriesinJapanbecauseitsplotisattractive.

C^Japanesepeopledonotliketoexpresstheirthoughtsandfeelingsbeforeothers.

D、Japanesepeoplelovecomicsbecausetheyarcveryfunnyandinteresting.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothisconversation?

24、

A、Theyvisitrelativesandfriendsandcleanthehouse.

B、Theyvisitashrinetoprayforhealthandgoodfuture

C、Theirfamilygetstogetherandonlyboysreceivemoney.

D、Theyeatricedumplings,whichareveryspecialanddelicious.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：WhatdoJapanesepeopledointheNewYear'sHolidaysaccordingtothis

conversation?

25、

A、HelikesJapanesefoodbest.

B、HelikesChinesefoodbest.

C、HelikesAmericanfoodbest.

D^HelikesItalianfoodbest.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：Whatfooddoesthemanlikebest?

26、

A、Koizumi'sideaoftaxincreaseisnotgood

B、Koizumi'scapitalismisjustlikethatofGeorgeBush

C>Koizumilooksyoungandhandsome.

D、CapitalismisgoingtodobigdamageIopoorpeople.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothis

conversation?

六、听力短文（含3小题）（本题共6题，每题7.0

分，共6分。）

27、

A^Walkingunderatree.

Hidingfromthestormunderatree.

C>Sittingonthegroundunderatree.

D^Runningfromunderatreetohome.

标准答案：B

知识点解析:WhatwasEdwardsdoingwhenhewasstruckbylightning?

28>

A、Hefeltnervous.

B、Hefelthisroamchanged.

C、Hefelthisfacehalfinwater.

D、Hefelthewastrembling.

标准答案：D

知识点解析:HowdidEdwardsfeelwhenhewasawakealliumc?

29、

A、DoctorsbelievethatEdwardswasneverreallyblindordeaf.

B、Edwardssawsomethingafterhewasstruck.

C、Edwardslosthissightinacaraccident.

D、Edwardswasunconsciousfortwentyminutesafterhewasstruck.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?

30、

A、Tomakenewspaperssellatlowprices.

B、Tomakenewspapersrunprofitably.

C^Tomaketheirproductsknowntomorepeople.

D、Toselltheirproductsatlowprices.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：Forwhatpurposedidthelargecompaniesspendmoneyon

advertisements?

31、

Weatherreportsandfilmguides.

B、Bookreviewsandadvertisements.

C、Theimportanceofnewspapers.

D^Worldnewsandimportanthappenings.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedaboutthenewspapersinthe

passage?

32、

A、Theimportanceofreadingnewspapers.

B、Whydopeoplereadnewspapers?

C、Newspapersandadvertisements.

D、Whyarenewspapersdevelopedfast?

标准答案：B

知识点解析:Whichofthefollowingcanbestbethetitleofthepassage?

七、听力短文（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题7.0

分,共4分。）

33、

A、Theyhavestoredetective.

B>Theyhavebigsignsup,saying"Shoplifterswillbeprosecuted."

C、Theyuseclose-circuittelevision.

D、Alloftheabove.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：Whatmeasuresdotheytaketopreventshoplifting?

34、

A、Ordinarypeople.

B、Teenagers.

C、Storedetectives.

D、Poorpeople.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：Bywhomisalotofshopliftingdone?

35、

A、Becausetheyfeelitisfuntodoshoplifting.

B、Becausetheyfinditeasytodoshoplifting.

C>Becausetheywanttosavemoney.

D、Becausethepricesarehigh.

标准答案：A

知识点解析:Whydetheydoshoplifting?

36、

A^Atalltheentrances.

B>Atsomeentrances.

C^Atalltheexists.

D^Atsomeexists.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：Whereaxethecashdesksput?

八、听力复合式听写（本题共〃题，每题7.0分，共

“分。）

Catsare[Bl]ofhabit.Theyliketogotosleepaboutthesametimeeveryday

andforacertain[B2]oftime.Theyseemtohavea[B3]clock

insidethemthattellsthemwhentosleep.Cats[B4]theirregularsleepwith

[B5]catnaps.Someexpertsfeelthathumancouldalsobenefitfromthishabit.

Catnapshelptobuildup[B6]inthebody.Theyarealsoagoodwayto

overcome[B7].Sincecatshavemoods[B8]tothoseofhumans,

someexpertsbelievethat[B9].[BIO].Thenaps

wouldusuallylastfromfifteentothirtyminutes.WinstonChurchilltookcatnaps.Sodid

PresidentsHarryTruman.JohnF.Kennedy,andLyndonB.Johnson.[Bl1]

.Perhapsmorepeoplecouldlearnfromeatsandtakenapstofeelbetter

andlivelonger!

37、[Bl]

标准答案：creature

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、[B2]

标准答案：length

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、[B3]

标准答案：natural

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、[B4]

标准答案：supplement

知识点解析：暂无解析

41、[R5]

标准答案：occasional

知识点解析：暂无解析

42、[B6]

标准答案：energy

知识点解析：暂无解析

43、[B7]

标准答案：boredom

知识点解析：暂无解析

44、[B8]

标准答案：similar

知识点解析：暂无解析

45、[B9]

标准答案：peoplecanimprovetheirmoodsandattitudesbycatnapping.Peoplemight

becomehappierandmorepositive.

知识点解析：暂无解析

46、[BIO]

标准答案：Anumberoffamouspeoplehavecopiedcalsbytakingcatnapsduringthe

day.

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、[Bll]

标准答案：Thesefamousmenwereknownfortheirenergy.Theywerealsoableto

worklonghours,oftenintothenight.Nappingwastheirsecret.

知识点解析：暂无解析

九、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共70题，每题7.0

分，共70分。）

WhydocstheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?

Basicresearchistheveryheartofscience,anditscumulativeproductisthecapitalof

scientificprogress,acapitalthatmustbeconstantlyincreasedasthedemandsuponit

rise.Thegoalofbasicresearchisunderstanding,foritsownsake.Understandingofthe

structureoftheatomorthenerveceil,theexplosionofaspiralnebula（旋涡星云）orihe

distributionofcosmic（宇宙的）dust,thecausesofearthquakesanddroughts,orofmanas

abehavingcreatureandofthesocialforcesthatarecreatedwhenevertwoormorehuman

beingscomeintocontactwithoneanother—thescopeisstaggering,butthecommitment

totruthisthesame.Ifthecommitmentweretoaparticularresult,conflictingevidence

mightbeoverlookedor,withthebestwillintheworld,simplynotappreciated.

Moreover,thepracticalapplicationsofbasicresearchfrequentlycannotbeanticipated.

WhenRoentgen,thephysicist,discoveredX-rays,hehadnoideaoftheirusefulnessof

medicine.Appliedresearch;undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasan

immediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.Forpractical

reasons,thesumsspentonappliedresearchinanycountryalwaysfarexceedthosefor

basicresearch,andtheproportionsaremoreunequalinthelessdevelopedcountries.

Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry—whichisnaturallyfarmore

concernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquicklythefundstheU.S.

Governmentallotstobasicresearchcurrentlyamounttoabout7percentofitsoverall

researchanddevelopmentfunds.Unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided,applied

researchinvariablytendstodriveoutbasic.Then,asDr.Watermanhaspointedout,

"Developmentwillinevitablybeundertakenprematurely,careerincentiveswillgravitate

stronglytowardappliedscience,andtheopportunitiesformakingmajorscientific

discoverieswillbelost.Unfortunately,pressurestoemphasisnewdevelopments,without

correspondingemphasisuponpurescience...tendtodegradethequalityofthenation's

technologyinthelongrun,ratherthantoimproveit."

48、Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarisesthemainideaofthepassage?

A、FoundationFunds

B、TheImportanceofBasicResearch

C^TheAttractivenessofAppliedResearch

D^BasicResearchvs.AppliedResearch

标准答案：D

知识点解析：在第一段中作者介绍了基础研究的重要性、范畴和目的。在第二段中

作者介绍了什么是应用研究，指出了应用研究的好处，并且介绍了各国政府过分重

视应用研究而忽视基础研究的现状及其危害。由此可见，本文主要把基础研究和应

用研究进行了比较，并且指明了二者的关系。选项D意为“基础研究与应用研

究”，涵盖了二者的主要内容及其关系，故D项作为本文标题最合适。A显然不合

文意；B只是一个例子，C.仅提到了应用研究，以偏概全。

49、Industryisprimarilyinterestedinappliedresearchbecauseit.

A、providesbetterunderstanding

isfrowneduponbytheFoundation

C、offersimmediateprofit

D、drivesoutbasicresearch

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第一段第二句提到Basicresearchistheveryheartofscience...acapital

thatmustbeconstantlyincreasedasthedemandsuponilrise。由此可知，基础研究为

科学发展提供了动力，为科学进步提供了基础，就像一家企业如果拥有雄厚的资

金，必然会迅速地发展一样，所以C项正确。A与第一段倒数第三句相悖。D虽然

符合文意，却不是基础研究极端重要的原因。

50、Basicresearchisvitalbecause.

A、itleadstoresultsthatcanbeappreciated

B、itisdrivenoutbyappliedresearch

C^itprovidesthebasisforscientificprogress

D、itsresultscannotbeanticipated

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据文章第二段第三句前半部分Leavingasidethefundsdevotedto

researchbyindustrywhichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwilhappliedaspectsbecause

theseincreaseprofitsquickly（不考虑工业向科研所提供的基金，工业自然对应用研

究方面更为关注，因为它们能够迅速地提高利润）不知，工业对应用研究感兴趣是

因为选项C“立刻带来利润”。A在文中未提及；B口frown印on意为“不赞成”，该

选项不能与题干构成因果关系；D只是作者的预想，即如果重应用轻基础的这种状

况持续下去必然会导致严重后果。

51、Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethatthefederalgovernment.

A^encouragesbasicresearch

B、devotesmorethan90%ofitsresearchanddevelopmentfundstoappliedresearch

C、spendsfarmoreonappliedresearchthanonmilitaryproblems

D^opposestheFoundationsgrantstobasicresearch

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第二段第三句后半部分指出，thefundstheU.S.Governmentallots

tobasicresearchcurrenilyamounttoabout7percentofitsoverallresearchand

developmentfunds（目前美国政府拨给基础研究的基金只达到它全部研究与发展基金

的7%）。由此可见，美国政府给予基础研究的经济投入非常少，不重视基础研究，

故排除A。那么剩下的资金自然都拨给了见效迅速的应用研究，故选本文没有

提到军费问题，故排除C。D项亦未在文中提及。

52、Accordingtothepassage,lessdevelopedcountries.

A、Spendlittleonresearch

B、realizethatprogressdependsonbasicresearch

C、encouragetheircareerscientiststoexperiment

D、devotelessthan7%oftheirscientificbudgettobasicresearch

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第二段第二句提到Forpracticalreasons,thesumsspenton叩plied

researchinanycountry...andtheproportionsaremoreunequalinthelessdeveloped

countrieso由此可知，不发达国家基础研究的资金比例肯定小于发达国家。本段第

三句后半部分提到thefundstheU.S.Governmentallotstobasicresearchcurrently

amounttoabout7percentofitsoverallresearchanddevelopmentfunds,艮，美国拨给基

础研究的基金大约占其全部研究和发展基金的7%,那么不发达国家的基础研究基

金肯定要小于7%,故选D。虽然不发达国家用于基础研究与应用研究的资金比例

比发达国家更加不平衡，但是我们不能因此推断不发达国家用于研究的资金很少，

故排除A,分析文中的事实可知不发达国家并未认识到基础研究的重要性，故排除

B；C项在文中未提及。

Demandsforstrongerprote