2026年浙江杭州高三（二模）英语试卷【附答案】

/2026年浙江杭州高三二模英语试卷-学生用卷一、阅读理解1、Weallknowthatindigenoustribes(部落)inrainforestssupportrelativelyfewpeople,buttheymanagerainforestssustainably.Thesecommunitiesserveasguardiansofanancientwisdomandheritagepasseddownthroughgenerations.Theypossessathorough,traditionalknowledgeoftheforestecosystem,usingresourceswithoutexhaustingthem.Bycontrast,thewealthylandowners,largecompaniesandillegalloggers,intheirpursuitoffinancialgain,havedonehugedamage.Theirdeforestationandburningoftropicalrainforestsarealreadyhavingsevereeffectsonglobalclimate,biodiversity,humanhealth,andlocalandregionalsocioeconomics.Facedwiththeseacceleratingimpacts,weurgentlyneedsustainablemanagementofrainforestresources.Amulti-facetedapproachcombiningconservation,sustainableuse,andinternationalcooperationisessentialforrainforestprotection.●Selectiveloggingandreplanting—introducedinMalaysia(Figure1)—avoidsthecompletelydestructiveclearfelling(砍伐).●Ecotourism,suchasinCostaRicaandMalaysia,introducespeopletothenaturalworldandprovideslong-termincometolocalpeopleandgovernments.●Conservationandeducationencouragespreservationofrainforestsinnationalparksandnaturereservesforscientificresearch(e.g.theCauraBasin,Venezuela).●Internationalagreementsrecognizetheglobalimportanceofrainforestsincombatingclimatechange.Theyinclude“debt-for-nature-swapping”agreementsunderwhichsomedonorcountriesandorganisationsreducetheirdebtrepaymentdemandsinreturnforcallingastoptodestructivelogging.TheForestStewardshipCouncil(FSC)promotessustainablymanagedforestrythrougheducationprogrammesanditsFSC-labelledproducts.(1)Whathascausedseriousdamagetorainforests?A.Profit-drivenactivities.B.Traditionalfarmingpractices.C.Thedeclineoflocaleconomy.D.Deforestationbyindigenoustribes.(2)AccordingtoFigure1,howlongdoesforestregenerationtakebeforethenextcycle?A.3-6months.B.10-15years.C.30-40years.D.60-70years.(3)Whichpracticereflectsglobalcollaborationinrainforestmanagement?A.Selectivelogging.B.Debt-for-natureswaps.C.Developingecotourism.D.Establishingnaturalparks.2、Maya'sdreamswerenotgentle.Theywereinsistent,unfoldingintheblankcesofheraccountingtextbooksasbrokenlinesofpoetry.Thefuturehadalreadybeendraftedbyherparents:adegreeinbusiness,astablejob,security.Herwritingwasa"pleasanthobby,"aphrasethatmadeherpenfeellikeaghostinherhand.Theconflictwasnotasingleconversationbutaquiet,constantpressure.Herfathersawhernotebooksasevidenceofadangerous,riskyworld.Hermotherworriedthestorieswereanescapefromareallifethatdemandedpracticalthings.Mayacomplied,studyingspreadsheetsbyday,butatnight,shefedablogunderafalsename.Thatwasherrealvoice,awhisperedrebellion（反抗）.浙考神墙750Yet,theoutsideworldofferednosanctuary.ThecommentsonherblogfeltlikeanX-ray.Theotherwritersattheworkshopssheattendedcriticizedherworkwithatoneshecouldn'tbear.Rejectionsfrommagazinescarriedasharperpain-theyweren'tjustrejectingahobby,buttherefinedcraftshe'dworkedsohardfor!Then,amomentofrecognitionstruck,thoughitcamewithitsowncost.Aliteraryjournalacceptedastory-butrequestedthoroughrevisionsthatwouldtakeapartitshopefulending.Foraweek,Mayawrestledwithit,feelinglikerefusing.Finally,sherewroteit.Thenewendingheldbothloveanddistance,ambitionandsacrifice.Itwaspublished.Afterthat,shebeganvolunteeringatacommunitycenter,notasafamousauthor,butasafellowstruggler.Sheshowedteenagersherearlydrafts,fullofredinkanddoubt."Theconflictisn'ttheobstacletoyourdream,"she'dtellthem."It'sthematerial.Don'twriteafairytale.Writethestorm.Andthen,writethepersonlearningtostandintherain."Herinkwasnolongerjustfordreams.Itwasformappingtherisky,beautiful,andcompletelyuniqueterritoryofareallifebeinglived.(1)WhatistherootofMaya'sinnerstruggle?A.Choosingbetweentwostablejobs.B.Livingadoublelifebetweenworkandfamily.C.Balancingherdreamwithfamily'sexpectations.D.Seekingabalancebetweenrealityandfantasy.(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“complied"inparagraph2mean?A.Obeyed.B.Panicked.C.Protested.D.Wondered.(3)WhatmightMayalearnfromhersubmissionexperience?A.Gettingpublishedisn'thard.B.Standingyourgroundisavirtue.C.Youhavetopayafeetogetrecognized.D.Youhavetocompromisesometimestosucceed.(4)WhatisMaya'sadvicetotheteenagers?A.Choosepropermaterial.B.Turnstormsintostories.C.Buildcastlebeforedreaming.D.Dreambiganddaretofail.3、Inrecentyears,consumershaveincreasinglysought“clean-label”foods—productsmadewithnaturalingredients.Thistrendhasdrivenscientiststosearchforsafe,naturalpreservatives(防腐剂，保护剂).Theyhaveturnedtheirattentiontoapartofthecashewnut(腰果)thatisoftenthrownaway—theshell.Fromit,theyextractCashewNutShellLiquid(CNSL)andfindthatitcontainsspecialnaturalsubstancesthatcanfightbacteriaandpreventdecay(变质).Whilethisdarkliquidhasbeenstudiedforuseinindustrieslikepaintandmedicine,itspotentialforpreservingfoodhadnotbeenfullyexploreduntilnow.ThescientistsdesignedacarefulexperimenttotestwhetherCNSLcouldhelppreservebeef,oneofthemostwidelyconsumedmeatsglobally.Theyappliedtheliquidtobeefsamplesatdifferentconcentrations(含量、浓度).Somemeatwasleftuntreatedascontrols.Thesampleswerethenstoredunderdifferentconditions—someatroomtemperatureandothersinrefrigeration—fortwoweeks.Duringstorage,adetailedmicrobiologicalevaluationwasconductedtoquantifytotalviable(活菌)countsandspecificspoilageorganisms(腐败菌),includingPseudomonasspp.,Clostridiumspp.,andProteusspp.PhysicochemicalanalysesmonitoredchangesinpHandwateractivity,whilebacteriagrowthwasassessedduringstorageatroomtemperature.ThescientistsdiscoveredthattheCNSL-treatedmeatshowedsignificantlylessbacterialgrowththanuntreatedmeat.Theeffectwasstrongestathigherconcentrations,witha2.0%solutionprovidingexcellentprotectionwhilemaintainingmeatquality.Evenatroomtemperature,iteffectivelydelayedthemeat’ssouringprocessandreducedbacteriagrowth,helpingthebeefstayfresh-lookinglonger.Theresearchersnotethatfurtherstudiesareneededtounderstandwhethertheliquidaffectsthetasteandtextureofthebeef,andhowitmightbecombinedwithmodernpackagingforevenbetterresults.Still,thisstudyopensawindowintonature’sownwayofkeepingfoodfresh—hiddeninsideahumblecashewshell.(1)Whyarescientistsstudyingcashewnutshells?A.Toreducewasteinthefoodindustry.B.Toimprovethetasteofprocessedfoods.C.Tofindnaturalalternativestoartificialpreservatives.D.Todevelopnewindustrialmaterialsforpaintandmedicine.(2)Whatwastheprimaryfocusofthemicrobiologicalevaluation?A.Thevarietyofcashewspecies.B.Thesafetyofrefrigeratedbeef.C.ThechangesinpHandwateractivity.D.TheeffectivenessofCNSLagainstbacteria.(3)WhatdoestheexperimentsuggestaboutCNSL?A.Itcanimprovemeatqualityovertime.B.Itperformsbestatroomtemperature.C.Itspeedsupthemeat’ssouringprocess.D.Itsconcentrationandthestoragelifearecloselyrelated.(4)Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureofCNSL?A.Fullyconvinced.B.Cautiouslyoptimistic.C.Hesitantanddoubtful.D.Neutralandobjective.4、AreweabouttouseGeneEditingTechnologytogrowwings?WillweallbeuploadingourbrainstotheAmazoncloud?Ifyoulovescienceandengineering,sci-fiistheplaceyouturntoimaginetheanswers.Theproblemisthatmanypeoplearegettingthewrongmessagesfromthesevisionsoftomorrow.Therearetwomainwaysthatpeoplemisreadsci-fi.Let’sstartwiththesimplerone,knownastheTormentNexusProblem.Coinedina2021tweet,itreferstoasituationinwhichpeoplereadorwatchasci-fistorybutfocusonitsfuturistictech—which,intheoriginalstories,isoftentheverysourceofhumansuffering—ratherthanthestory’sactualpoint.Asaresult,yougetbillionairePeterThielco-foundingacompanycalledPalantir,namedafterthefantasytechofthe“seeingstones”inTheLordoftheRingsthatdrivetheiruserstoevilandmadness.Palantir’sproductshaverecentlybeenusedinairstrikesonGaza.TheauthorJ.R.R.Tolkienwouldnotbeamused.ThesecondmajorwaypeoplemisreadsciencefictioncouldbecalledtheBlueprintProblem.Essentially,it’sthemistakenideathatsci-fiprovidesanexactmodelforwhatiscomingnextandifwecopywhathappensinsci-fi,wewillarriveinagloriousfuture.TheBlueprintProbleminspiredalotofearlyceprogrammesinthe1950s,whichprioritisedputtinghumansintoceratherthanexploringitremotelywithroboticcecraft.WeweretoldAIwouldbecomeourobedientservantsandbrilliantexpertsinsomuchsci-fioverthepastcentury,makingrobocopsandholographic(全息的)doctorsseeminevitable—buttheyaren’t.Sciencefictionisn’tamaporaprescription.Instead,itisaworldview,awayofapproachingproblemswiththeunderlyingassumptionthatthingsdon’thavetobethewaytheyare.Thefutureisn’tpredetermined;it’saprocess,andpeopleareactivelyshapingit.(1)Thementionof“Palantir”servestoshowthat__________.A.Tolkien’sworkhasinspiredreal-worldevilB.name-choosingisvitalforacompany’simageC.sci-fiservesasapracticalguideforinventorsD.thesci-fistory’struemessageoftengoesunnoticed(2)Whatisthe“BlueprintProblem”asdescribedinparagraph3?A.Havingrobotstakeoverhumanjobs.B.Viewingsci-fiasaperfectfuturemodel.C.Expectingauthorstoengineerrealtech.D.Favoringrobotsoverastronautsince.(3)Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Sci-fiexposestheessenceofthings.B.Sci-fiisarigidguideforfutureplanning.C.Sci-fiisamindsetforre-examiningreality.D.Sci-fipredictsspecifictechnologicaloutcomes.(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.TheMisreadingTrapsofSci-FiB.TheHiddenDangersofSci-FiC.TheMoralDilemmasinSci-FiD.TheTechnologicalFantasiesofSci-Fi二、七选五5、Streetnameshelpusfigureoutwhereweare.Thiscanbeunderstoodbothliterallyandmetaphorically.Somenames,like125thStreet,arejustdescriptions.Butoften,streetsarenamedafterpeople,whichplacesusinahistoricalorpoliticalcontexttoo.NotfarfromwheremybrotherlivesinnorthLondonisastreetcalledKitchenerRoad.Justbehindthelamppostwasanoldsign,madeofthickiron,bearingthename.

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Thatsignseemstosaythispersonwasandstillisdeservingofrecognition.ButKitchenerRoadremindedmeofBritain'shistoryofcolonial（殖民地的）rule,astheKitchener(1850-1916)wasacruelBritishmilitaryofficeracrossAsiaandAfrica.Sayingstreetnamesaremarkersofhistoryattractstwotypesofcriticism.Oneisthatit'snothingmorethanastorminateacup.Streetnamesdon'treallymatter.

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Buthonoringpeopleresponsibleforkillingthroughstreetnamespreservesacelebratoryviewofthatpastandnormalisesitindailylife.Sowhatshouldwedo?

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AnotheroptionistheAmsterdamapproach.There,astreethonoringanti-apartheid（反种族隔离）leaderAlbertLuthulihasasignnoting:"Formerly:LouisBothastreet,"namedafteraprimeministerofcolonialSouthAfrica.Wheresuchnamesremain,peoplearecreatingwalkingtourstoprovidefullcontext.InGlasgow,atourwasorganizedtomakepeopleknowaboutthecity'sroleintheenslavementofpeople.

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Itbuildsthoughtfulwaysforwardlocally.WalkingawayfromKitchenerRoad,IthoughtofadifferentKitchener:thelegendaryTrinidadiancalypsomusician.UponarrivinginEngland,hesangLondonisthePlaceforMe.IfKitchenerRoadmustkeepitsname,I'dprefertoimaginetheyhonorthe"KingofCalypso,"notthecolonialbutcher.

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(1)

A.Residentsrarelynoticethestreetnames.B.Myviewisthatsuchstreetsberenamed.C.Perhapsweshouldconsidertheevidence.D.Perhapsthatisatake-backwecanalladopt.E.Another,changingthesenameseraseshistory.F.Thiskindofpracticeiscreativeresponsetodamaginghistories.G.Tonameastreetafterapersonisawayofhonoringtheirachievements.(2)

A.Residentsrarelynoticethestreetnames.B.Myviewisthatsuchstreetsberenamed.C.Perhapsweshouldconsidertheevidence.D.Perhapsthatisatake-backwecanalladopt.E.Another,changingthesenameseraseshistory.F.Thiskindofpracticeiscreativeresponsetodamaginghistories.G.Tonameastreetafterapersonisawayofhonoringtheirachievements.(3)

A.Residentsrarelynoticethestreetnames.B.Myviewisthatsuchstreetsberenamed.C.Perhapsweshouldconsidertheevidence.D.Perhapsthatisatake-backwecanalladopt.E.Another,changingthesenameseraseshistory.F.Thiskindofpracticeiscreativeresponsetodamaginghistories.G.Tonameastreetafterapersonisawayofhonoringtheirachievements.(4)

A.Residentsrarelynoticethestreetnames.B.Myviewisthatsuchstreetsberenamed.C.Perhapsweshouldconsidertheevidence.D.Perhapsthatisatake-backwecanalladopt.E.Another,changingthesenameseraseshistory.F.Thiskindofpracticeiscreativeresponsetodamaginghistories.G.Tonameastreetafterapersonisawayofhonoringtheirachievements.(5)

A.Residentsrarelynoticethestreetnames.B.Myviewisthatsuchstreetsberenamed.C.Perhapsweshouldconsidertheevidence.D.Perhapsthatisatake-backwecanalladopt.E.Another,changingthesenameseraseshistory.F.Thiskindofpracticeiscreativeresponsetodamaginghistories.G.Tonameastreetafterapersonisawayofhonoringtheirachievements.三、完形填空6、Dr.JamesLeongisaneyedoctorinWellington.Foryears,hisdemandingschedulewasaconstant

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—caughtinatug-of-warbetweenhispatientsandamountainofpaperwork.Everydaywasa

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.He’dseeupto50patients,thenspendhiseveningsandweekendsburiedundermedicalnotesandreports.“Theexhaustingroutine

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meoffamilytime.WhenmydaughteraskedwhyImissedherschoolplayagain,Ishowedherthe

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pileofchartsinmytrunk.”Dr.Leongsaid.Justwhenitseemedlikethingscouldn’tgetany

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,anewtechnologyenteredthepicture—adigitalassistantcalledanAIscribe.This“co-pilot”listenstodoctor-patient

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,instantlytranscribes(记录)notes,draftsreports,andorganizesdocumentation.NowDr.Leongisnolonger

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toakeyboard,freetodowhathedoesbest:

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withhispatients.“It

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myhumanintelligenceforwhereitmattersmost,”hesays.The

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istransformative.Dr.Leongcanseeapatientandhaveafollow-upletter

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bythetimetheyreachreception.Overthelastthreemonthsalone,thenewtechhas

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over250,000specialistconsultationsinNewZealandandAustralia.Thisismorethanjustastoryabout

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;it’sasolutionthatgivesdoctorsbacktheirtimeandpassionfor

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.ForDr.Leong,it’sfinallypossibletobebothadedicatedphysicianandapresent

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.(1)

A.choice B.change C.reminder D.battle (2)

A.risk B.rush C.blessing D.experiment (3)

A.relieved B.robbed C.warned D.informed (4)

A.neat B.dusty C.towering D.hidden (5)

A.worse B.clearer C.fancier D.easier (6)

A.conversations B.arguments C.stories D.secrets (7)

A.drawn B.exposed C.addicted D.chained (8)

A.consult B.negotiate C.connect D.sympathize (9)

A.showsoff B.triesout C.freesup D.relieson (10)

A.theory B.difference C.recovery D.decision (11)

A.ready B.open C.read D.discussed (12)

A.selected B.recorded C.predicted D.supported (13)

A.belief B.schedule C.kindness D.technology (14)

A.paperwork B.medicine C.management D.education (15)

A.friend B.expert C.parent D.innovator 四、语法填空7、Beforesunrise,Beijingparkslookordinaryinwinter—baretrees,emptybenches,afewearlyrisers.Butthen,amelodybegins,

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(float)throughtheair,andsuddenlytheceistransformed.Peoplegather,strangersbecomeneighbors,

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artfillsthepubliccewithpossibility.SunChubo,ayoungbambooflute（长笛）professionalfromtheChinaNationalOperaandDanceDrama,hasmovedthestagefromthetheatertothemasses.Thecountless

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(like)bothofflineandonlineprovethatthisis

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meansforarttoburstforthwithvigorousanddynamicvitality."Inoutdoorperformances,Icanseeeveryone'sexpressionsupclose.Itismucheasiertointuitively（直觉地）sensewhethertheaudienceenjoysthepieceIamplayingand

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(feel)theiremotionsdirectly,"SuntoldtheGlobalTimes.Whenartistsmoveintopubliccestocreateandperform,artstepsoutfromtheclosedenvironmentoftheatersintothemoreopensettingsofpubliclife,makingitselftrulyseen,

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(hear),andparticipatedin.Meanwhile,authenticaudiencefeedbackandthe

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(interact)atmosphereofliveeventsofteninspireartists,pushingthemtoreconsider

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theyexpressthemselvesthroughtheirwork.Fromthedepthsofabambooforesttocitysquares,thevenuemaychange,buttheconnectionbetweenartandthepublic

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(remain)constant.Whenperformersentermorepubliccesandresidentspause

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art,this"mutualjourney"

inthecity'spubliccesgivesartitstruestwarmth.五、写作书面表达8、假定你是李华，你校部分学生常以各种理由请假，不参加课间跑活动。为此，请写一篇短文向校英文报投稿，内容包括：(1)陈述现象；(2)提出劝告和建议。注意：(1)写作词数应为80个左右；(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Showupfor'Inter-classRunning

读后续写9、Onthemorningofherseventhbirthday,Zaharaawokefeelingexcited.Allshehaddreamedofformonthswasabicycleofherveryown-aredone,swiftasthewind.Whenshedasheddownstairsandsawthelarge,ribbon-toppedboxwaiting,herheartsoared.Insidegleamedthemostperfectbikeshecouldimagine."It'smagnificent!"shecried,givingitatestspinaroundthekitchentiles.Shenamedit"Comet"（彗星）onthespot.Thatveryafternoon,theschoolcarnivalwasbuzzingwithnoiseandmusic.ZahararodeCometproudlyalongsideherbestfriends,LilyandChloe.WhenLilyspottedastandsellingpersonalizedbikelicenseplates,theideawasirresistible."Wehavetogetmatchingones!"sheexclaimed.Thethreegirlshurriedover,theircoinsclutchedtightly.LilyandChloefoundtheirnamesinaninstantamongtheneatrowsofletters.ButZaharascannedthedisplayagainandagain.ADAM,AMY,ANNA…hereyesmoveddownthealphabet,pasttheZACKsandZOEs,buthernamewasnowheretobeseen.Asmallknotofdisappointmenttightenedinherstomach."Excuseme,"sheaskedthestandattendant,"arethereanymoreplatesintheback?"Themanshookhishead,barelylookingupfromhisnewper."Please,couldyoucheck?"Zaharainsisted,hervoicehopeful.Hesighed."What'sthename?""Zahara,"shesaidclearly.Hefrowned."Comeagain?Spellit."Z-A-H-A-R-A,shespelledout,eachletterfeelingheavierthanthelast.Toherhorror,asnicker（暗笑）camefrombehindher.Zac,aboyfromthegradeabove,waswatching."Ofcoursetheydon'thaveit,"hecalledout."It'snotevenarealname!Za-HAIR-uh!Soundslikeyou'vegotfuzzyhair!"Afewotherkidsnearbygiggled.Zahara'scheeksflamed,andtheworldseemedtoshrinktothesoundofthatcruelversionofhername.Tearsfilledhereyesasshefled,leavingthestandandthelaughterbehind.注意：(1)续写词数应为150个左右；(2)请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。Themomentshegothome,Zaharashouted,“I'mdonewithbeingcalledZahara!"

Herhandmadeplateonthebike,Zaharaleftforschoolearlyinthemorning。

1、【正确答案】(1)A;(2)C;(3)B;(1)【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了热带雨林面临的破坏现状，指出原住民部落的可持续管理与逐利活动的破坏形成鲜明对比，并列举了多种热带雨林保护措施，同时通过流程图展示了马来西亚选择性伐木的完整周期。细节理解题。根据第一段“Bycontrast,thewealthylandowners,largecompaniesandillegalloggers,intheirpursuitoffinancialgain,havedonehugedamage.Theirdeforestationandburningoftropicalrainforestsarealreadyhavingsevereeffectsonglobalclimate,biodiversity,humanhealth,andlocalandregionalsocioeconomics.(相比之下，富有的土地所有者、大公司和非法伐木工为了追求经济利益，造成了巨大的破坏。他们对热带雨林的砍伐和焚烧已经对全球气候、生物多样性、人类健康以及地方和区域社会经济产生了严重影响)”可知，由利益驱动的活动对热带雨林造成了严重破坏。故选A。(2)细节理解题。根据图1的流程框，明确标注“30-40yearsTreesregrowuntilreadyfornextcycle(树木重新生长，为下一轮砍伐周期做好准备需要30-40年)”可知，根据图1所示，森林再生需要30-40年才能进入下一个周期。故选C。(3)细节理解题。根据第六段“Internationalagreementsrecognizetheglobalimportanceofrainforestsincombatingclimatechange.Theyinclude“debt-for-nature-swapping”agreementsunderwhichsomedonorcountriesandorganisationsreducetheirdebtrepaymentdemandsinreturnforcallingastoptodestructivelogging.(国际协议认可热带雨林在应对气候变化中的全球重要性，其中包括“债务减免换自然保护”协议，即一些捐助国和组织减少债务偿还要求，以换取停止破坏性伐木)”可知，“债务减免换自然保护”协议体现了热带雨林管理中的全球合作。故选B。2、【正确答案】(1)C;(2)A;(3)D;(4)B;3、【正确答案】(1)C;(2)D;(3)D;(4)B;(1)【导语】文章讲述了科学家发现腰果壳液有保存食物的效果，介绍了实验设计、实验结果以及未来研究方向。细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thistrendhasdrivenscientiststosearchforsafe,naturalpreservatives(防腐剂，保护剂).Theyhaveturnedtheirattentiontoapartofthecashewnut(腰果)thatisoftenthrownaway—theshell.(这一趋势促使科学家们寻找安全、天然的防腐剂。他们将注意力转向了腰果经常被丢弃的一部分——果壳。)”可推知，科学家研究腰果壳是为了寻找天然的防腐剂，以替代人工防腐剂。(2)细节理解题。根据第三段中“Duringstorage,adetailedmicrobiologicalevaluationwasconductedtoquantifytotalviable(活菌)countsandspecificspoilageorganisms(腐败菌),includingPseudomonasspp.,Clostridiumspp.,andProteusspp.PhysicochemicalanalysesmonitoredchangesinpHandwateractivity,whilebacteriagrowthwasassessedduringstorageatroomtemperature.ThescientistsdiscoveredthattheCNSL-treatedmeatshowedsignificantlylessbacterialgrowththanuntreatedmeat.(在储存过程中，进行了详细的微生物评估，以量化总活菌数和特定的腐败菌，包括假单胞菌属、梭菌属和变形杆菌属。物理化学分析监测了pH值和水分活性的变化，同时在室温下储存期间评估了细菌的生长情况。科学家们发现，经腰果壳液处理的肉类比未经处理的肉类细菌生长明显更少。)”可知，微生物评估的主要关注点是腰果壳液抑制细菌生长的效果。(3)推理判断题。根据第三段中“Theeffectwasstrongestathigherconcentrations,witha2.0%solutionprovidingexcellentprotectionwhilemaintainingmeatquality.(这种效果在较高浓度时最强，2.0%的溶液在保持了肉质的同时提供了极佳的保护。)”可推知，实验表明腰果壳液的浓度与防腐效果（储存寿命）密切相关。(4)推理判断题。根据最后一段“Theresearchersnotethatfurtherstudiesareneededtounderstandwhethertheliquidaffectsthetasteandtextureofthebeef,andhowitmightbecombinedwithmodernpackagingforevenbetterresults.Still,thisstudyopensawindowintonature’sownwayofkeepingfoodfresh—hiddeninsideahumblecashewshell.(研究人员指出，需要进一步的研究来了解这种液体是否会影响牛肉的味道和质地，以及如何将其与现代包装相结合以获得更好的效果。尽管如此，这项研究还是打开了一扇窗户，让我们了解大自然自己保持食物新鲜的方式——隐藏在一个不起眼的腰果壳里。)”可知，作者虽然肯定了目前的研究成果，但也指出了需要进一步研究的地方，态度是谨慎乐观的。4、【正确答案】(1)D;(2)B;(3)C;(4)A;(1)【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出人们常误读科幻，存在痛苦联结与蓝图两大问题，强调科幻非规划图，而是审视现实、塑造未来的思维方式。细节理解题。根据第二段“Therearetwomainwaysthatpeoplemisreadsci-fi.Let’sstartwiththesimplerone,knownastheTormentNexusProblem.Coinedina2021tweet,itreferstoasituationinwhichpeoplereadorwatchasci-fistorybutfocusonitsfuturistictech—which,intheoriginalstories,isoftentheverysourceofhumansuffering—ratherthanthestory’sactualpoint.Asaresult,yougetbillionairePeterThielco-foundingacompanycalledPalantir,namedafterthefantasytechofthe“seeingstones”inTheLordoftheRingsthatdrivetheiruserstoevilandmadness.Palantir’sproductshaverecentlybeenusedinairstrikesonGaza.TheauthorJ.R.R.Tolkienwouldnotbeamused.(人们误读科幻作品主要有两种方式。我们先从较简单的一种说起，它被称为痛苦联结问题。这一说法诞生于2021年的一条推文，指的是人们在阅读或观看科幻故事时，只关注其中的未来科技，而在原作里，这些科技往往正是人类苦难的根源，却忽略了故事真正想要表达的主旨。于是就出现了这样的情况：亿万富翁彼得·蒂尔联合创立了一家名为帕兰提尔的公司，名字取自《指环王》中的真知晶球这一奇幻设定，而这种晶石在原著中会驱使使用者走向邪恶与疯狂。帕兰提尔公司的产品近期被用于加沙空袭。作者J.R.R.托尔金若泉下有知，定然不会感到欣慰)”可知，提到“帕兰提尔”这一概念是为了表明科幻故事的真正内涵往往被人们忽视了。故选D。(2)细节理解题。根据第三段“ThesecondmajorwaypeoplemisreadsciencefictioncouldbecalledtheBlueprintProblem.Essentially,it’sthemistakenideathatsci-fiprovidesanexactmodelforwhatiscomingnextandifwecopywhathappensinsci-fi,wewillarriveinagloriousfuture.(人们误解科幻作品的第二种主要方式可以称为“蓝图问题”。从本质上讲，这是一种错误的观点，即认为科幻作品为我们描绘了未来发展的精确蓝图，如果我们照搬科幻作品中的情节，就能迎来一个美好的未来)”可知，第三段中所描述的“蓝图问题”是指将科幻作品视为完美的未来模式。故选B。(3)推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sciencefictionisn’tamaporaprescription.Instead,itisaworldview,awayofapproachingproblemswiththeunderlyingassumptionthatthingsdon’thavetobethewaytheyare.Thefutureisn’tpredetermined;it’saprocess,andpeopleareactivelyshapingit.(科幻小说并非是一张地图或一份处方。相反，它是一种世界观，是一种解决问题的方式，其核心假设是事物并非必然如此。未来并非是注定不变的；它是个过程，而人们正在积极地塑造它)”可知，作者想要表达科幻是一种重新审视现实的思维方式。故选C。(4)主旨大意题。根据第一段“AreweabouttouseGeneEditingTechnologytogrowwings?WillweallbeuploadingourbrainstotheAmazoncloud?Ifyoulovescienceandengineering,sci-fiistheplaceyouturntoimaginetheanswers.Theproblemisthatmanypeoplearegettingthewrongmessagesfromthesevisionsoftomorrow.(我们是不是即将利用基因编辑技术来培育翅膀？我们是不是都要将自己的大脑上传至亚马逊云端？如果你热爱科学与工程，科幻作品就是你用来畅想未来答案的地方。但问题在于，许多人从这些关于未来的想象中获取到了错误的信息)”结合文章指出人们常误读科幻，存在痛苦联结与蓝图两大问题，强调科幻非规划图，而是审视现实、塑造未来的思维方式。可知，A选项“科幻作品中的误读陷阱”最符合文章标题。故选A。5、【正确答案】(1)G;(2)E;(3)B;(4)F;(5)D;6、【正确答案】(1)D;(2)B;(3)B;(4)C;(5)A;(6)A;(7)D;(8)C;(9)C;(10)B;(11)A;(12