福建南平市2026届下册高三年级第二次适应性练习卷英语试卷【附解析】

/南平市2026届高三年级第二次适应性练习卷英语本练习卷共12页。满分150分。注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必在练习卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的准考证号、姓名。考生要认真核对答题卡上粘贴的条形码的“准考证号、姓名”与考生本人准考证号、姓名是否一致。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本练习卷上无效。3．考试结束，将本练习卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。1.WhydidJennygotoLondon?A.Tohaveavacation.B.Toworkinahospital.C.Toaccompanyherfamily.2.Whatarethespeakersprobablydoing?A.Makingastatue.B.Visitinganartcenter.C.Watchingachessgame.3.Whichsportdoesthemanlikebest?A.Cycling.B.Hiking.C.Swimming.4.WhatdoweknowaboutWatson?A.Heisseeingadentist.B.Heisoutforcontests.C.Heoftentakesdaysoff.5.Whatwillthemando?A.UseZoe’sumbrella.B.Returntheraincoat.C.Buyachair.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。6.WhatdoesthegrandpaaskNancytodo?A.Bepatient.B.Loosenthesoil.C.Waterflowersintime.7.WhatdoesNancythinkofgardening?A.It’seasy.B.It’stiresome.C.It’smeaningful.听第7段录音，回答第8至10题。8.Whatwillarriveinabouttwoweeks?A.Newfurniture.B.Companysamples.C.Seaproducts.9.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Acouple.B.Neighbors.C.Colleagues.10.Whatisthemangoingtodonext?A.Sellthebooks.B.Emptythebookshelf.C.Messagehisbuyer.听第8段录音，回答第11至13题。11.Whatisthepresentationmainlyabout?A.Costsofcampusrecycling.B.Artprojectsusingwastematerials.C.Recyclingprogramsintwoschools.12.WhatmaterialsdoesMaplewooduse?A.Oldpaper.B.Plasticbottles.C.Recycledglass.13.WhatdoesthemansuggestLilydo?A.Handlevisualsherself.B.Avoidtoomanykeywords.C.Reorganizethepresentation.听第9段录音，回答第14至16题。14.WhereisLindanow?A.Attheairport.B.Inthehotelroom.C.Atthesecuritycenter.15.WhenisLinda’sflight?A.At9:00a.m.B.At12:30p.m.C.At3:00p.m.16.HowwillLindagethercoat?A.Byherself.B.Byataxidriver.C.Byabuspassenger.听第10段录音，回答第17至20题。17.Whatdoesthespeakerdo?A.Afull-timestudent.B.Aprofessionalsinger.C.Abest-sellingauthor.18.Whendidthespeakernormallywakeuponemonthago?A.At5:30a.m.B.At6:00a.m.C.At6:30a.m.19.Whatdoesthespeakerdofirstafterwakingup?A.Hedrinkswater.B.Hereviewstheplan.C.Henotesdownideas.20.Whydoesthespeakergivethetalk?A.Tosharehisdailylife.B.Torecommendaself-helpbook.C.Toexplainhisschedulingmethod.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheIntroducingFutureLeaderstoOpportunitiesinWater(InFLOW)scholarshipprogramaimstolookforthenextgenerationofleadersinthecleanwaterindustry.Itpartnerswithcommunitygroupstoengagepromisingtalent,solidifytheirinterestinthewaterfield,raisetheirawarenessofcareeropportunities,andenhancetheirlong-termcareerprospects.Currentstudentsoryoungprofessionalscanchoosetoapplyforoneofthetwopaths:STEMPATHandCAREERTECH.REQUIREMENTSPriorexperienceinwater-relatedfieldsisnotrequired,butaclearinterestinthewaterindustryisencouraged.Toparticipateintheprogram,individualsmust:STEMPATHBeafull-timeundergraduateorgraduatestudentmajoringinaSTEMfield(Science,Technology,Engineering,orMathematics).CAREERTECHBeastudentattendinganyadulteducationclassesrelatedtoscience/technology,oraprofessionallookingtoengageacareerchangeinvolving:Operations,EngineeringorMechanical.PARTICIPANTBENEFITS·Membership:Studentmembershipfor1year.·ConferenceAttendance:FreeAdmissiontothe2027InFLOWAnnualConference(January24-27,2027inBoston,Massachusetts)·CommitteeInvolvement:AWaterIndustryprofessionalwillbeassignedtoguidetheparticipant.RESPONSIBILITIESSelectedparticipantsarerequiredtotakepartinonlineactivitiesandattendallconferenceevents.Aftertheprogram,eachparticipantmustcompleteasurveytoprovidefeedbackontheirexperienceandoffersuggestionsforimprovingprograminthefuture.1.WhatistheInFLOWprogramaimedat?A.Offeringfreecourses.B.Developingindustryleaders.C.Providingjobsforyouth.D.Selectingconferenceparticipants.2.WhocanapplyfortheCAREERTECH?A.Graduateswithmembership.B.Studentsmajoringinmathematics.C.Adultswithrelatedcertificates.D.Professionalsseekingacareershift.3.Whataretheselectedmembersexpectedtodo?A.Addresstheannualconference.B.Designasurveytocollectdata.C.Participateintherelatedactivities.D.Workfull-timefortheprogram.【正确答案】1.B2.D3.C【导语】本文是主要介绍InFLOW奖学金项目的设立宗旨、申请途径、申请要求、参与者福利及相关职责。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“TheIntroducingFutureLeaderstoOpportunitiesinWater(InFLOW)scholarshipprogramaimstolookforthenextgenerationofleadersinthecleanwaterindustry.(“未来水资源领军人才培养”（InFLOW）奖学金项目，旨在发掘净水行业的下一代领军人才。)”可知，该项目旨在培养行业领军者。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据CAREERTECH部分中的“Beastudentattendinganyadulteducationclassesrelatedtoscience/technology,oraprofessionallookingtoengageacareerchangeinvolving:Operations,EngineeringorMechanical.(参加科技相关成人教育课程的学生，或寻求从事运营、工程、机械相关职业转型的专业人士均可申请。)”可知，寻求职业转型的专业人士可以申请该项目。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据RESPONSIBILITIES部分中的“Selectedparticipantsarerequiredtotakepartinonlineactivitiesandattendallconferenceevents.(入选参与者需参加线上活动并出席所有会议活动。)”可知，入选成员需要参与相关活动。BWhenLilaMartinezmovedtoMapleStreet,shewasstruckbyamarkedcontrast.Thehouseswerewell-kept,withflowersbloominginmostyards,butatthecornerofherblocksata1,200-square-footparkinglot—adumpinggroundforoldtires,brokenfurniture,andovergrownweeds.ToLila,itlookedlikea“wound”thattheneighborhoodhadsimplylearnedtoignore.Insteadofcomplaining,the17-year-olddecidedtotakeaction.Shebeganknockingondoors,aclipboardinhand,askingherneighbors,“Whatwouldyoudowiththatlotifyoucould?”Mrs.Henderson,an82-year-oldresidentlivingalone,tearedupasshesaid,“Iusedtohaveagarden,butIcan’tbenddownanymore.I’dlovetosmellfreshflowersagain.”Mr.Torres,theownerofthelocalgrocerystore,offeredtodonatetoolsandsoil.Eventheteenagerswereinterested,suggestingaplacetoplaybasketball.Lilarealizedtheprojectwasbiggerthanjustcleaninguprubbish.Shenameditthe“MapleCommunityGarden”andlaunchedacrowdfundingcampaign.Withtheraisedmoney,shehiredalocalconstructioncompanytoleveltheground.ThefirstSaturdaywasbackbreaking.Lilaandtwentyvolunteersfilled40garbagebagswithrubbish.Astheweekspassed,thelotbegantobreatheagain.Sunflowerstoweredoverthefence,attractingbeesandbutterflies.Tomatoesripenedonthevine.Moreimportantly,thepeoplebegantobloom.TheteenswhohelpedbuildthebasketballcourtstartedassistingMrs.Hendersontocarryhergroceries.Mr.Torresbeganhostingweeklybarbecuesusingvegetablesfromthegarden.Neighborswhohadlivednexttoeachotherfordecadesbutneverspokenwerenowexchangingrecipesandgardeningtips.Lilasaid,“IthoughtIwasjustbuildingagarden,butwhatIreallybuiltwasabridge.Thatemptylotusedtodivideus;nowitconnectsus.”4.WhydidLilaviewthelotasa“wound”?A.Itruinedthestreet’sbeauty.B.Ittookupmuchce.C.Itcausedconflictsinneighbors.D.Itremindedherofaninjury.5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheresidents’response?A.Surprised. B.Supportive.C.Cautious. D.Emotional.6.WhatdidLiladoforthecommunityproject?A.Sheofferedtoolsandsoil.B.Sheraisedmoneydoortodoor.C.Shesecuredsupporttotransformthelot.D.Sheencouragedneighborstogrowvegetables.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WaystoBuildaBetterBlockB.TheGardenthatHealsaNeighborhoodC.CaresfortheOldintheCommunityD.ATeenager’sDreamofaLovelyGarden【正确答案】4.A5.B6.C7.B【导语】本文主要讲述了17岁的莱拉·马丁内斯发现社区角落的空地被当作垃圾场后，主动发起项目，将其改造成社区花园，不仅改善了环境，还拉近了邻里关系的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thehouseswerewell-kept,withflowersbloominginmostyards,butatthecornerofherblocksata1,200-square-footparkinglot-adumpinggroundforoldtires,brokenfurniture,andovergrownweeds.(大多数院子里的房子都保养得很好，鲜花盛开，但在她街区的拐角处，有一个1200平方英尺的停车场——一个堆放旧轮胎、破旧家具和杂草丛生的垃圾场。)”可知，这个空地堆满垃圾，破坏了街道的美观，所以莱拉把它看作“伤口”。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Mrs.Henderson,an82-year-oldresidentlivingalone,tearedupasshesaid,“Iusedtohaveagarden,butIcan’tbenddownanymore.I’dlovetosmellfreshflowersagain.”Mr.Torres,theownerofthelocalgrocerystore,offeredtodonatetoolsandsoil.Eventheteenagerswereinterested,suggestingaplacetoplaybasketball.(亨德森夫人是一位82岁的独居老人，她眼含泪水说道：“我以前有个小花园，可现在再也弯不了腰了。我好想再闻一闻鲜花的芬芳。”当地杂货店老板托雷斯先生主动提出捐赠园艺工具和泥土，就连附近的青少年也热心参与，还提议顺带规划出一块篮球场。)”可知，居民们纷纷表达意愿、提供帮助，对莱拉的项目持支持态度。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Shebeganknockingondoors,aclipboardinhand,askingherneighbors,“Whatwouldyoudowiththatlotifyoucould?”(她手里拿着写字板，开始挨家挨户敲门，向邻居们询问：“如果可以的话，你们想把那块空地用来做什么？”)”以及第四段中的“Shenameditthe‘MapleCommunityGarden’andlaunchedacrowdfundingcampaign.Withtheraisedmoney,shehiredalocalconstructioncompanytoleveltheground.(她将这里命名为“枫叶社区花园”，并发起了众筹活动。她用筹集到的资金聘请了当地一家建筑公司平整土地。)”以及后文邻居们的参与可知，莱拉通过敲门征求意见、众筹资金、雇佣施工公司，还获得了邻居们的各种支持，最终改造了这片空地。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，莱拉将社区里的垃圾场改造成社区花园，不仅改善了环境，还让原本疏远的邻里变得亲密，治愈了整个社区的隔阂。结合最后一段莱拉所说的“IthoughtIwasjustbuildingagarden,butwhatIreallybuiltwasabridge.Thatemptylotusedtodivideus;nowitconnectsus.(我以为我只是在建一个花园，但我真正建造的是一座桥。那个空地曾经把我们分开，现在它把我们连接在一起。)”可知，“TheGardenthatHealsaNeighborhood(治愈社区的花园)”最能概括文章主旨。CItisnosurprisethatgettingenoughsleep,exercisingandeatingwellarecrucialtoalonglife.Butitwasunknownhowverysmalllifestylechangesaffectourlifen,andhealthn,whichisthenumberofyearsspentingoodhealth.Tofillthisgapinourknowledge,NicholasKoemelandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofSydneyfirstanalyzedsleep,dietaryandphysicalactivitydatafromnearly60,000adults,agedbetween40and69,fromtheUKBiobankproject.Inthatproject,theparticipantscompletedsurveysthataskedthemtorecalltheirdietsoverthepastyear.Then,theyworemovementtrackersontheirwristforaweektomeasuretheirexerciseandsleepinghabits,andtheirmortality(死亡率)andhealthrecordsweretrackedoverasubsequentfollow-upperiodofeightyears.Afteranin-depthanalysis,theresearchersNicholas’teamusedastatisticalmodeltoestimatethat,comparedwiththebottom5percentofparticipantswiththeleasthealthylifestyles,thosewhosleptforabout5minutesmoreeachday,engagedinexerciseforabout2minuteslongerandateanextrahalfservingofvegetablesdailylivedforayearlonger,onaverage.Thiscombinationofsmalllifestylechangeshadthesameeffectasmakinglargershiftsinonlyoneaspectoflifestyle-forinstance,sleepingfor25minuteslongerwithoutadjustingexerciseordiet.“Whenwepackagelifestylechangestogether,wegetmorebangforourbuckandwereducetheoverallrequirementfromanyonebehaviour,”saysKoemel.However,AlanCohenatfromColumbiaUniversitywasnotonthesamepage.“Dietaryrecallsurveysmaycontainsomeerrorsbecausepeopleforgetwhattheyhaveeaten,anditisimpossibletoknowwhetheraweekofphysicalactivityorsleepdataisreallyrepresentativeofsomeone’sgeneralhabitsoverlongerperiods,”hesaid.8.WhatdoesNicholasKoemel’sstudyfocuson?A.Effectsofsmalllifestyleshifts.B.Secretstoabalancedlife.C.Waystoimprovelivingquality.D.Benefitsofhealthyroutines.9.Howwasthestudycarriedout?A.Byusingadatamodel.B.Bymonitoringwristtrackers.C.Bydoinghealthsurveys.D.Bygatheringfollow-uprecords.10.Whichbestexplains“wegetmorebangforourbuck”underlinedinparagraph4?A.Romewasn’tbuiltinaday.B.Slowandsteadywinstherace.C.Neverjudgeabookbyitscover.D.Alittleeffortyieldsgreatresults.11.WhatcanbeinferredfromAlanCohenat’swords?A.Thesurveylackspublicinformation.B.Participantstakestheresearchcasually.C.Thestudymaystillhavesomelimitations.D.Aweek’srecordscanmirrorpersonalhabits.【正确答案】8.A9.A10.D11.C【导语】本文主要介绍研究人员探究微小生活方式改变对人类寿命及健康寿命的影响、研究过程与结论，同时也提及了其他学者对该研究的质疑。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Butitwasunknownhowverysmalllifestylechangesaffectourlifen,andhealthn,whichisthenumberofyearsspentingoodhealth.(但人们尚不清楚微小的生活方式改变会如何影响我们的寿命以及健康寿命，即身体健康的年数。)”以及第二段研究开展的目的可知，该研究聚焦微小生活方式改变带来的影响。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Afteranin-depthanalysis,theresearchersNicholas’teamusedastatisticalmodeltoestimatethat,comparedwiththebottom5percentofparticipantswiththeleasthealthylifestyles,thosewhosleptforabout5minutesmoreeachday,engagedinexerciseforabout2minuteslongerandateanextrahalfservingofvegetablesdailylivedforayearlonger,onaverage.(经过深入分析，尼古拉斯团队的研究人员运用统计模型估算得出：与生活方式最不健康的后5%参与者相比，每天多睡约5分钟、多运动约2分钟、额外多吃半份蔬菜的人，平均寿命多出一年。)”可知，研究是通过建立并使用数据模型进行分析来得出结论的。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Thiscombinationofsmalllifestylechangeshadthesameeffectasmakinglargershiftsinonlyoneaspectoflifestyle(这些微小生活方式改变的组合与只在生活方式的一个方面做出较大改变具有相同的效果)”以及“wereducetheoverallrequirementfromanyonebehaviour(我们减少了对任何单一行为的总体要求)”可知，“wegetmorebangforourbuck”意为“花较少的力气获得较大的回报”，即”付出少但收获大”，与“Alittleeffortyieldsgreatresults(少许努力便可获得巨大成果)”意思相近。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中AlanCohenat所说的“Dietaryrecallsurveysmaycontainsomeerrorsbecausepeopleforgetwhattheyhaveeaten,anditisimpossibletoknowwhetheraweekofphysicalactivityorsleepdataisreallyrepresentativeofsomeone’sgeneralhabitsoverlongerperiods,(饮食回顾调查可能存在一定误差，原因是人们会忘记自己吃过的食物；同时，我们也无法确定一周的体力活动或睡眠数据，是否真的能代表一个人长期以来的日常习惯)”可推知，这项研究仍存在一定局限性。DTheDunning-Krugereffect,namedafterthepsychologistswhofirststudiedit,meanspeoplewhoaren’tverygoodatagiventaskareoverconfidentwhilepeoplewithhighabilitytendtounderestimatetheirskills.However,recentresearchbyAaltoUniversityscientistsrevealsthatusingartificialintelligence(AI)allbutremovesthiseffect—infact,italmostreverses(逆转)it.Intheirstudyinvolving500participants,researchersadministeredlogicalreasoningtasksfromtheLawSchoolAdmissionTest.HalfthegroupusedChatGPT,whiletheotherhalfworkedindependently.BothgroupswerelaterquizzedontheirAIliteracyandhowwelltheythoughttheyperformed.Surprisingly,theirresearchshowedthatAIusagenearlychangedtheDunning-Krugereffect:high-skillAIusersshowedthegreatestoverestimationoftheirperformance.“Ourfindingsrevealasignificantinabilitytoassessone’sperformanceaccuratelywhenusingAI,”notedco-authorRobinWelsch.Thisphenomenonspringsfrom“cognitiveoffloading”(认知卸载)—usersacceptAI-generatedanswerswithoutcriticalconfirmation.Lessengagementinourownreasoningreducesourabilitytoevaluateourperformanceaccurately.Interestingly,AIassistancenarrowsthegapbetweenhighandlow-skillusersbecauselargelanguagemodelsimproveeveryone’sperformancetosomedegree.Theresearcherswarnofapotentialconsequence.Aspeoplerelymoreonresultswithoutquestioningthem,adangerousinconsistencyemerges:improvedperformancepairedwithreducedself-assessmentcapability.Withoutaccurateerror-checkingandreflection,criticalthinkingskillsmaybecomeworseovertime.Furthermore,theflatteningofabilitydifferencesmeanswidespreadoverconfidenceinAI-assistedtasks,particularlyamongthemostexperiencedusers,leadingtoanincreasedclimateofmiscalculateddecision-makingandagradualdestructionofskills.OnemethodtheteamsuggeststoarrestsuchdeclineistohaveAIitselfencouragefurtherquestioninginusers,withdevelopersadjustingresponsestoencouragereflection,askingquestionslike“howconfidentareyouinthisanswer?”,orotherwisepromotingfurtherinteractionthroughmeasureslikeconfidencescores.12.Whyis“theDunning-Krugereffect”mentioned?A.Tosupportanidea.B.Tohighlightadilemma.C.Toexplainaconcept.D.Tointroduceaphenomenon.13.Whatisthefindingofthestudy?A.Low-skillusersoutperformhigh-skillones.B.UsersoverestimateabilitieswhenusingAI.C.AIlearningimprovesself-assessmentaccuracy.D.Cognitiveoffloadingenhancesone’sperformance.14.WhatinconsistencydoestheuseofAIcreate?A.Higherconfidencebutworseskills.B.Moreeffortbutlowerscores.C.Betterresultsbutpoorerawareness.D.Slowerspeedbutbetteraccuracy.15.Whatdoestheteamsuggesttoaddresstheproblemidentified?A.Removingconfidencescores.B.Adjustinginteractionschedules.C.LimitingAIaccessfordevelopers.D.Programmingreflectivereminders.【正确答案】12.D13.B14.C15.D【导语】本文主要介绍了阿尔托大学科学家的一项新研究，该研究发现人工智能（AI）的使用几乎逆转了达克效应（邓宁-克鲁格效应），使高技能AI用户过度高估自己的表现，并探讨了这一现象背后的“认知卸载”机制及其潜在危害，最后提出了让AI鼓励用户进一步反思的解决方案。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“TheDunning-Krugereffect,namedafterthepsychologistswhofirststudiedit,meanspeoplewhoaren’tverygoodatagiventaskareoverconfidentwhilepeoplewithhighabilitytendtounderestimatetheirskills.However,arecentresearchbyAaltoUniversityscientistsrevealsthatusingartificialintelligence(AI)allbutremovesthiseffect-infact,italmostreverses(逆转)it.(邓宁-克鲁格效应以首批研究该现象的心理学家命名，指能力不足者过度自信、能力强者易低估自身水平。然而阿尔托大学科学家的近期研究表明，使用人工智能几乎能消除这一效应，甚至近乎将其逆转。)”可知，文章先介绍邓宁-克鲁格效应，目的是引出人工智能逆转该效应的新现象。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Surprisingly,theirresearchshowedthatAIusagenearlychangedtheDunning-Krugereffect:high-skillAIusersshowedthegreatestoverestimationoftheirperformance.(令人惊讶的是，研究表明使用人工智能几乎改变了邓宁-克鲁格效应：能力强的人工智能使用者最容易高估自己的表现。)”可知，人们在使用人工智能时会高估自身能力。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Aspeoplerelymoreonresultswithoutquestioningthem,adangerousinconsistencyemerges:improvedperformancepairedwithreducedself-assessmentcapability.(人们越发不加质疑地依赖结果，出现了一种危险的矛盾：表现有所提升，自我评估能力却在下降。)”可知，人工智能带来的矛盾是成果变好但自我认知判断力变差。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“OnemethodtheteamsuggeststoarrestsuchdeclineistohaveAIitselfencouragefurtherquestioninginusers,withdevelopersadjustingresponsestoencouragereflection,askingquestionslike‘howconfidentareyouinthisanswer?’(研究团队建议遏制这种下滑的一个方法是让人工智能主动引导用户进一步思考，开发者调整回复内容以促使用户反思，提出类似“你对这个答案有多大把握？”这类问题)”可知，解决办法是在程序中设置引发反思的提示内容。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Divergent(发散性)thinkingisanabilitytogeneratemultipleapproachestosolvingaproblem.Thedivergentthinkerstypicallyanswersimplequestionslike“Whataretheusesforaflowerpot?”inmanyways.____16____Ageniusofdivergentthinkingwouldcomeupwithahundredpossibleanswers,andtheydothisbychangingtheconceptsofalreadyexistingthinking.Researchshowsthatdivergentthinkingismostlyfoundamongpeoplewhoknowhowtoaskquestions.Divergentthinkingisnotsomuchaboutfindinganswersasitisaboutaskingthequestiontogettothoseanswers.

____17____Themoreyouaskclearquestionsthatexplorethedifferences,thebetteryourchanceofsucceeding.____18____Thistechniqueisatoolthatbuildsuponideas.Alloweveryonetothinkmorefreelyinthegroupatmosphere.Don’tpursueapracticalsolution.Instead,gatherideasrelevanttotheproblemitself.Besidesbrainstorming,youcanalsokeepajournal.Usingajournalenablesyoutocaptureandrecordvariousideasthatpeoplecanhaveduringunusualtimesandplaces.____19____Anothereffectivewayistocreateasubjectormind-mappingvisual.____20____Andmakesurethevisualsshowtherelationshipsamongtheseideas.Take“StartaCharity”forexample.Comeupwithnecessarysubtopics,anduselinesandcirclestovisualizethetopic.Aftergeneratingideasintheseways,youcanarrangeyourideasinaninnovativemanner.A.Thismethodisusedtoexchangeideas.B.Ithelpsfindtheanswerstothequestions.C.Puttherelatedideasintheformofachartorapicture.D.Askingtherightquestionswillgetwhatyouareseeking.E.Brainstormingisonewaytoimproveyourdivergentthinking.F.Anaveragepersonwouldhave10to15answerstothisquestion.G.Later,itcanbecomeasourcebookofideastodevelopandorganize.【正确答案】16.F17.D18.E19.G20.C【导语】本文主要介绍了发散性思维的概念、特点以及几种提升发散性思维的方法，如提问、头脑风暴、记日记、思维导图等。【16题详解】根据上文“Divergent(发散性)thinkingisanabilitytogeneratemultipleapproachestosolvingaproblem.Thedivergentthinkerstypicallyanswersimplequestionslike‘Whataretheusesforaflowerpot?’inmanyways.(发散性思维是一种产生多种解决问题方法的能力。发散性思考者通常会以多种方式回答像“花盆有什么用途？”这样的简单问题。)”可知，这里在说明发散性思考者能对一个简单问题给出许多种答案。下文“Ageniusofdivergentthinkingwouldcomeupwithahundredpossibleanswers,andtheydothisbychangingtheconceptsofalreadyexistingthinking.(一个发散性思维的天才会想出一百种可能的答案，他们通过改变已有思维的概念来做到这一点。)”是以“天才”为例，说明其能想出“一百种”答案。F选项“Anaveragepersonwouldhave10to15answerstothisquestion.(一个普通人会有10到15个答案来回答这个问题。)”能与“天才”形成对比，描述“普通人”的情况，以突出发散性思维能力的差异，符合题意。【17题详解】根据上文“Divergentthinkingisnotsomuchaboutfindinganswersasitisaboutaskingthequestiontogettothoseanswers.(发散性思维与其说是寻找答案，不如说是通过提出问题来获得那些答案。)”可知，这里强调“提问”在发散性思维中的核心地位。下文“Themoreyouaskclearquestionsthatexplorethedifferences,thebetteryourchanceofsucceeding.(你提出的探索差异的清晰问题越多，你成功的机会就越大。)”是在强调“探索差异的清晰问题”越多越好。D选项“Askingtherightquestionswillgetwhatyouareseeking.(提出正确的问题将得到你正在寻求的东西。)”能进一步阐述“提问”的重要性，并进一步指出要问“正确的问题(rightquestions)”，这与下文“askclearquestionsthatexplorethedifferences(提出探索差异的清晰问题)”形成逻辑递进，强调了“问题质量”的重要性。【18题详解】本题是选择段落小标题或段落首句。根据本段内容“Thistechniqueisatoolthatbuildsuponideas.Alloweveryonetothinkmorefreelyinthegroupatmosphere.Don’tpursueapracticalsolution.Instead,gatherideasrelevanttotheproblemitself.Besidesbrainstorming,youcanalsokeepajournal.(这项技术是一种建立在想法基础上的工具。允许每个人在小组氛围中更自由地思考。不要追求实用的解决方案。相反，收集与问题本身相关的想法。除了头脑风暴，你还可以记日记。)”可知，本段在介绍两种具体的提升发散性思维的方法：一种是小组性质的“Thistechnique”，从描述“groupatmosphere”、“Don’tpursueapracticalsolution”等来看，这显然是指“头脑风暴(brainstorming)”；另一种是“keepajournal(记日记)”。E选项“Brainstormingisonewaytoimproveyourdivergentthinking.(头脑风暴是提高你发散性思维的一种方法。)”能点明本段的核心是介绍“头脑风暴”这一具体方法，其中“oneway”也与下文“Besidesbrainstorming,youcanalsokeepajournal”中的“also”呼应，表明本段介绍不止一种方法，但“头脑风暴”是主要介绍的第一个。【19题详解】根据上文“Usingajournalenablesyoutocaptureandrecordvariousideasthatpeoplecanhaveduringunusualtimesandplaces.(使用日记可以让你捕捉和记录人们在非常规时间和地点可能产生的各种想法。)”可知，这里在说明记日记的功用：随时记录想法。G选项“Later,itcanbecomeasourcebookofideastodevelopandorganize.(之后，它可以成为一本开发和整理想法的资源书。)”能进一步说明这些被记录下来的想法在“之后”可以如何被利用，以体现其长期价值。符合题意。【20题详解】根据上文“Anothereffectivewayistocreateasubjectormind-mappingvisual.(另一个有效的方法是创建一个主题或思维导图视觉图。)”可知，这里在介绍“思维导图”这种方法。下文“Andmakesurethevisualsshowtherelationshipsamongtheseideas.(并确保视觉图能显示这些想法之间的关系。)”是在强调思维导图要体现“想法间的关系”。C选项“Puttherelatedideasintheformofachartorapicture.(以图表或图片的形式呈现相关的想法。)”能具体说明如何“创建思维导图”，即第一步做什么，并且为下文“显示关系”提供了基础（先“放进去”，再“显示关系”），步骤清晰。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。EveryNewYear’sEve,ourfamilyholdsaspecialgiftexchange.Insteadof____21____fromwishlists,weeachprintapictureofwhatwewant,andthe____22____onthepicturecanbehandmade.Aroundmid-December,wegather,putourfoldedpagesintoabowlandpassitaround,eachofus____23____one.Thisyear,IpickedMom’s.____24____,hergiftwasn’tdifficulttomake.Ifounda____25____andordinaryboxatadiscountstore,decorateditcarefullyandthenaskedeveryoneinthefamilytowritedowntheir

____26____

memorytoputinside.“LaughingonthebeachatCapeCod,”wrotemysister-in-law.“Igotmydriver’slicense!”wasmynephew’s____27____.I____28____myanswer.WhileIwasdoingthehousework,memories____29____—visitingmysonathiscollege,singingtogetheronthewaytothezoo…Whichmemory____30____aplaceinsidethebox?ThemoreI

____31____,themoretheyearunfoldedintodayslacedwith____32____,beautyandlove.Intheend,IchoseourfamilyreunionintheCatskills,wherewe’dspentthenight____33____,laughingandbeingtogether.OnNewYear’sDay,whenmymomopenedthebox,herfacelitup.Everyonegrewquietasshereadeach

____34____aloud.Lookingaroundtheroom,Irealizedthetruegiftwasn’ttheboxatall,butthewayour

____35____holdusclose.21.A.copying B.shopping C.benefiting D.learning22.A.antique B.chart C.item D.device23.A.feeling B.cutting C.throwing D.drawing24.A.Fortunately B.Hopefully C.Eventually D.Accordingly25.A.plain B.fancy C.valuable D.distinctive26.A.early B.instant C.favorite D.painful27.A.comment B.request C.suggestion D.contribution28.A.workedout B.wrotedown C.handedin D.struggledwith29.A.surfaced B.changed C.disappeared D.remained30.A.occupied B.needed C.deserved D.claimed31.A.imagined B.reflected C.doubted D.anticipated32.A.pride B.wisdom C.laughter D.creativity33.A.shouting B.chatting C.arguing D.debating34.A.post B.slip C.list D.file35.A.memories B.thoughts C.blessings D.opinions【正确答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.A26.C27.D28.D29.A30.C31.B32.C33.B34.B35.A【导语】本文讲述了作者家庭在每年除夕夜举行一种特殊的礼物交换活动告诉我们真正的礼物并非盒子本身，而是那些将家人紧密相连的珍贵回忆。【21题详解】考查动词。句意：我们不是按照心愿清单选购礼物，而是每人打印一张自己想要物品的照片，并且图片上对应的物品还可以手工制作。A.copying复制；B.shopping选购；C.benefiting受益；D.learning学习。根据后文“weeachprintapictureofwhatwewant”可知，家里改变了按心愿清单选购礼物的方式。【22题详解】考查名词。句意同上。A.antique古董；B.chart图表；C.item物品；D.device设备。根据前文“apictureofwhatwewant”可知，此处指照片上对应的礼物物件。【23题详解】考查动词。句意：十二月中旬左右，我们聚在一起，把折好的纸片放进碗里传递，每人抽取一张。A.feeling感受；B.cutting裁剪；C.throwing扔；D.drawing抽取。根据后文“Thisyear,IpickedMom’s.”可知，此处是轮流抽取纸条。【24题详解】考查副词。句意：幸运的是，给她准备的这份礼物并不难制作。A.Fortunately幸运地；B.Hopefully有希望地；C.Eventually最终；D.Accordingly因此。根据后文“hergiftwasn’tdifficulttomake”可知，能轻松完成礼物制作是很幸运的事。【25题详解】考查形容词。句意：我在一家折扣店找到了一个普通朴素的盒子，仔细装饰了一番。A.plain朴素的；B.fancy精致的；C.valuable贵重的；D.distinctive独特的。根据后文并列形容词“ordinary”可知，这个盒子样式简单朴素。【26题详解】考查形容词。句意：然后让家里每个人写下自己最喜爱的回忆放进去。A.early早期的；B.instant即时的；C.favorite最喜爱的；D.painful痛苦的。根据下文家人写下“LaughingonthebeachatCapeCod”以及“Igotmydriver’slicense!”等温馨往事可知，大家写下的是自己最珍爱的回忆。【27题详解】考查名词。句意：“我拿到驾照了！”是我侄子写下的内容。A.comment评论；B.request请求；C.suggestion建议；D.contribution所写内容。根据前文“askeveryoneinthefamilytowritedowntheir____memory”可知，这句话是侄子写下的回忆内容。【28题详解】考查动词短语。句意：我苦苦思索我的答案。A.workedout算出；B.wrotedown写下；C.handedin上交；D.struggledwith难以抉择。后文描述了作者努力回忆、筛选众多美好瞬间的过程，这体现了一个“struggle”（挣扎、思考）的过程。【29题详解】考查动词。