浙江省杭州市高三下学期二模英语试题

2024学年第二学期杭州市高三年级教学质量检测英语试题卷考生须知：本试卷分选择题部分和非选择题部分。选满分150分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。选择题部分第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthewomando?A.Payherownbill. B.Checkallthebills. C.Settleallthebills.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Waiter,couldwehavethebillplease?M:CanIputitallononebill?W:No,we’dpreferseparatechecks.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howdoesthemanfindthecourse?A.Thelecturesaredifficult. B.Theclasseslackinteraction. C.Theclassmatesareveryactive.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:HowareyoufindingtheEnglishLiteratureCourseforthisterm?M:Honestly,thelecturesarenotdifficultbutIreallywishtherecouldbemoreinteractionwithmyclassmates.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Housedecoration. B.Furniturestyle. C.Fashiontrend.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Areyougoingforamodernlookorsomethingmorecozy?M:Ipreferaminimaliststylefortheentirehouse,lightcolorsandsimplefurniture.W:Thatsoundscalming.Ibetit’llmakethelivingroomfeelspacioustoo.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howcanplayersimprovetheirgamingexperience?A.Byturningupthesound.B.Bychangingthegamesettings.C.Byimaginingbeinginsidethegame.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:HaveyoutriedthenewVRgame?M:Yeah,thepicturesareincredible.IfeltlikeIwasactuallyinsidethegameworld.W:Thatsoundsamazing,butdon’tyouthinkitcanmakeyourheadspin?M:Sometimes,butyoucanadjustthesettings.Itmakesahugedifference.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomaninitiallyplantodo?A.Hangout. B.Gohiking. C.WatchTV.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Gotanyplansfortheweekend?W:Notreally.Justcatchinguponshows.M:I’mthinkingofhiking,iftheweather’snice.W:Thatsoundsgreat.Ishouldgetoutsidetoo.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inahotel. B.Inarestaurant. C.Inashoppingmall.7.Whatisthewomanconcernedabout?A.Thebagsmightgetbroken. B.Herstuffmaybedamaged. C.Theplaceisnotsafeenough.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】W:Couldyoupleasehelpmewiththesebags?M:Surething,whereshouldItakethem.W:Room305,thanks.Justsoyouknow,there’ssomebreakablestuffinside.Itwouldkillmeifanythinggotbroken.M:Noworries,mistakeshappen,butfingerscrossedyourbagswillbesafeinyourroom.W:Thanksforunderstanding.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whyisthewomanhere?A.Toplaceanorder. B.Topostponetheorder. C.Tocollecttheorder.9.Whatdoesthemanpromisetooffer?A.Anextracake. B.Afreedelivery. C.Afullrefund.10.Whatwillthewomangetintheend?A.Anapologygift. B.Acarthemedcake. C.Acakewithaguitardesign.【答案】8.C9.B10.C【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,Iorderedacustommadecakelastweek.I’mheretopickitup.M:Ah,youmustbeMrs.Sanders,right?Thecakewiththeguitardesign.W:That’scorrect.It’sformyband’sanniversary.Ihopeit’sready.M:Letmecheckintheback.Uhoh,thereseemstobeamixup.Wehaveacakewithacardesign,notaguitar.W:Acar?That’snotgoingtoworkatall.We’remusicians,notracecardrivers.M:I’mterriblysorryaboutthis.Wecanredesignthecakewiththeguitars.Itwillbereadyintwohoursandwe’lldeliverittoyourpartyforfree.W:Thatwouldbegreat.Thankyouforhandlingthissoquickly.Iguesseverybandhasitscarcrashmoment,right?Atleastwecanfixit.Andwhoknows,maybethatcarcakewillturnintoafunnystoryforourband.M:Forsure.Icanalreadyimaginetheheadlinebandrocksoutwithsurprisecarcake.W:Exactly.Thanksforturningthisaround.M:YouBetSeeyousoon.Mrs.Sanders.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Howdoesthewomanfeelatthebeginning?A.Calm. B.Curious. C.Nervous.12.Whatisthewoman'sproblem?A.Aseriousstomachache.B.Anoldfillingthatneedsreplacement.C.Aholeinhertoothcausingdisfort.13.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherpreviousexperience?A.Unpleasant. B.Satisfactory. C.Boring.【答案】11.C12.C13.A【解析】【原文】M:Howareyoufeelingtoday?W:Ihavebutterfliesinmystomach.Tobehonest,I'mnotabigfanofdentistvisits.M:That'spletelynormal.I'llmakeitaseasyaspossibleforyou.Let'stakealook,pleaseopenyourmouthwide.W:Allright.Hmm...Hmm...there'sasmallholeinoneofyourteethonthetopright.Haveyounoticedanysensitivityorpain?W:Yes,sometimeswhenIeaticecreamordrinksomethingreallyhotitfeelslikeasharpsting.M:That'stheholecausingit.We'llneedtofixitbeforeitgetsworse.Haveyoueverhadafillingbefore?W:Yes,once.Butitwasyearsago,itwasn'tagreatexperience.M:Iunderstand.Don'tworry,it'saquickandpainlessprocedurethesedays.W:Allright,let'sgoforit.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whatisthewomanlookingfor?A.Acampusparttimejob. B.Achancetoworkonline. C.Aprogramforjobexperience.15.Whatfieldisthewomaninterestedin?A.Governmentpolicy. B.Businessmanagement. C.Environmentalwork.16.WhydoesMr.Johnsonsuggestvisitingthecareercenter?A.Toattendworkshops. B.Tofindlistedprograms. C.Tomeettheclubleaders.17.Whatadviceisgivenontheapplicationprocess?A.Buildingupcontacts. B.Volunteeringatthecentre. C.Focusinglessoncoursework.【答案】14.C15.C16.B17.A【解析】【原文】W:Mr.Johnson,Ihaveafavortoask.I’mlookingforprogramsthatcanbuildmyjobexperience.Canyouhelpme?M:Ofcourse,whatkindofprogramareyoulookingfor?W:I’minterestedinthingsrelatedtonatureprotection,maybewithanonprofitoragovernmentagency.M:That’sagreatarea.Haveyoucheckedthecareercenteroncampus?Theylistprogramswithorganizationsyoumightlike.W:Ihaven’tlookedthereyet.I’llcheckitout.Whataboutonline?Anywebsitesyou’dremend?M:Absolutely,websiteslikeindeedorLinkedInhaveplentyofthings.Youcanalsocheckspecificenvironmentalorganizationswebsitesforopenings.W:WhatshouldIfocusonwhenapplying?M:Highlightrelevantcourseworkorvolunteerwork?Anddon’tbeafraidtoreachouttopeopleinthefield.W:Thanks.Mr.Johnsonthisisreallyhelpful.M:You’rewele.Goodluckwithyoursearch.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.WhatisTheHoneyKidsAsia?A.Aprogram. B.Amagazine. C.Apany.19.WhoisTheHoneyKidsAsiaintendedfor?A.Tourists. B.Guides. C.Singaporeans.20.WhatcanTheHoneyKidsAsiadoforyou?A.Babysitkids. B.Savemoney. C.Openbankaccounts.【答案】18.A19.A20.B【解析】【原文】WeletotheHoneykidsAsia,yourultimateguidetoallthingsfamilyfriendlyinSingapore.Whetheryou'reaparent,caregiverorjustlookingforgreatwaystospendtimewithkids,we'vegotyoucovered.Singaporeisanamazingdestinationforfamilyadventures.Butlet'sbereal,it’salsocrownedasthemostexpensivecityintheworld.Intoday'sepisode,we'redrivingintopracticalmoneysavingtipstohelpyouenjoythebestofSingaporewithoutbreakingthebank.Loveeatingout?Diningdoesn'thavetocostafortune.We'llrevealrestaurantswherekidseatfreeandfamilyfriendlyspotswithgreatdeals.ThinkingofhittingupSingapore'sincredibleattractions.We'llexploretipsondiscountsfreeadmissiondaysandbudgetfriendlyalternativesthatarejustasfun.We'llalsobringyouinsiderinformationonwalletfriendlysustainablelivingfromfindingsecondhandtreasuresforthekidstomasteringmealplanningstrategiesandforfreefunconsidernaturewalksattheBotanicGardensorexploringmuseumswithamazingexhibits.Soifyou'rereadytocutcosts,makememoriesandenjoyeverythingSingaporehastooffer,tuneinnow.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。APartofSTEMlearningisseeinganddoing,andthenrecordingandanalyzingtheresults.ButnotallonlineorhomeschoolprogramsaresetuptoacmodatescienceexperimentsorotherSTEMlearningactivities.Let’stakealookatafewmindblowinglabsthatcanhelpbringSTEMtopicsaliveforyourchild’sonlineschoolexperience.WeatherLaboratoriesTomakelearningaboutweatheraccessibleandfun,theNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)createdalotofinformativeweatheractivitiesandvirtuallabstheyremendforstudentsandeducators.Infact,theirweathersciencecontentforkidsfeaturesaWeatherLabapplicationthatallowsmiddleschoolstudentstopredictweatherpatterns,andlearnwhathappenswhenoceancurrentsandairmassesinteract.Simulations(模拟)forScienceandMathItisaprojectoftheUniversityofColoradoBoulderandoneoftherichestsingledatabasesofonlinescienceinteractivesandvirtuallabs.Investigatemorethan150physics,chemistry,math,biology,andEarthsciencetopics.Availableindozensoflanguages,theinteractivesaresearchablebygradelevel,subject,andaccessibility.SpaceExplorationSimulationsTheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)featuresmanySTEMlearningactivitiesforstudentsingradesK12.Theinteractivesimulationsarealsogamifiedandmakelearningengagingandfunforyourchild.Theappallowsuserstoexploretheuniverseandunlockstoriesoftrailblazingscientistsandtheircontributionstospaceexplorationandscience.21.Whoaretheintendedreaders?A.Parents. B.Students. C.Teachers. D.Researchers.22WhatmakesSimulationsforScienceandMathdifferentfromtheotherlabs?A.Itcoversthemostsubjects. B.Ithasatranslationcentre.C.Itoffersgamifiedlearningexperiences. D.Itprovidesmultipletoolsforrecording.23.Whatdoallthethreelabshaveinmon?A.Theycentreonproblemsolvingskills.B.Theyfacilitateadvancedscientificresearch.C.Theyprovidevirtualscientificexploration.D.TheyhelpstudentswithSTEMprojectsfromschool.【答案】21.A22.A23.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用。文章主要介绍了一些能让孩子在线学习STEM课程时更生动有趣的实验室，包括气象实验室、科学与数学模拟实验室、太空探索模拟实验室。【21题详解】推理判断题、根据第一段“ButnotallonlineorhomeschoolprogramsaresetuptoacmodatescienceexperimentsorotherSTEMlearningactivities.Let’stakealookatafewmindblowinglabsthatcanhelpbringSTEMtopicsaliveforyourchild’sonlineschoolexperience.(但并不是所有的在线或家庭学校课程都是为了适应科学实验或其他STEM学习活动而设置的。让我们来看看一些令人兴奋的实验室，它们可以帮助您的孩子在在线学校体验中活跃STEM主题)”可知，文章介绍这些实验室是为了孩子的在线学习，所以目标读者是家长，故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Simulations(模拟)forScienceandMath中的“ItisaprojectoftheUniversityofColoradoBoulderandoneoftherichestsingledatabasesofonlinescienceinteractivesandvirtuallabs.Investigatemorethan150physics,chemistry,math,biology,andEarthsciencetopics.Availableindozensoflanguages,theinteractivesaresearchablebygradelevel,subject,andaccessibility.(它是科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的一个项目，也是在线科学互动和虚拟实验室最丰富的单一数据库之一。调查超过150个物理、化学、数学、生物和地球科学主题。有几十种语言版本，可以根据年级、科目和可访问性进行搜索)”可知，科学和数学模拟涵盖多个学科，而其他实验室未提及如此广泛的学科范围。故选A。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据WeatherLaboratories中的“Tomakelearningaboutweatheraccessibleandfun,theNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)createdahuhofinformativeweatheractivitiesandvirtuallabstheyremendforstudentsandeducators.Infact,theirweathersciencecontentforkidsfeaturesaWeatherLabapplicationthatallowsmiddleschoolstudentstopredictweatherpatterns,andlearnwhathappenswhenoceancurrentsandairmassesinteract.(为了让了解天气变得更容易、更有趣，美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）为学生和教育工作者推荐了一系列信息丰富的天气活动和虚拟实验室。事实上，他们的儿童天气科学内容以一个天气实验室应用程序为特色，该应用程序允许中学生预测天气模式，并了解当洋流和气团相互作用时会发生什么)”可知，气象实验室有虚拟实验室让学生预测天气模式；Simulations(模拟)forScienceandMath“ItisaprojectoftheUniversityofColoradoBoulderandoneoftherichestsingledatabasesofonlinescienceinteractivesandvirtuallabs.(它是科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的一个项目，也是在线科学互动和虚拟实验室最丰富的单一数据库之一)”可知，科学和数学模拟是在线科学互动和虚拟实验室数据库；SpaceExplorationSimulations中的“Theinteractivesimulationsarealsogamifiedandmakelearningengagingandfunforyourchild.(互动模拟，也游戏化，使学习参与和乐趣为您的孩子)”可知，太空探索模拟实验室有互动模拟，让用户探索宇宙。综上所述，它们都提供了虚拟科学探索。故选C。BInthisfastpacedworld,quietmomentsareoftenspentstaringataphonescreen.Forthosewhohaveforgottenhowtoswitchoffandreconnectwithourselves,DeborahAlmamayhavejustwhatthedoctorordered.SheisthefounderofThePoetryPharmacy(药房),whoseaimistoeaseworrywithwords,allowingvisitorstobookpoetryconsultationsfortailoredadviceorpickupaquickfixofftheshelves.Lastyear,anotherPoetryPharmacyopeneditsdoorsinsideLUSHonLondon’sOxfordStreet,seekingtobringalittlecalmtothecapital.Evenbeforeshehadtwosuccessful“practices”underherbelt,Deborahwaskeenlyawareofthepowerofpoetry.Shenoticedhowitcouldbringpeopleapositivechange.Thisinspiredhertobeethe“EmergencyPoet”travelingthecountryinavintageambulancetoofferpoetryprescriptions(处方).The1950sambulance,whichwasboughtoneBay,carried200poems,eachwithadvicelike“takethispoemwithacupoftea”or“listentosomebirdsong”.Afteraboutadecadeofmobilemedicine,DeborahparkedupherpracticeforapermanentlocationinShropshire.Thisbecametheworld’sfirstwalkinpoetrypharmacy,and—unliketheambulance—ithadcentralheating.Fromacozycoffeecornertoaninspiringphysicgarden,thePharmacyisdescribedas“apeacefulplacetorestanddream”.“Whathappensintheshopsisthatpeoplewholookatpillsareoftenbuyingthingsforothers.It’spotentiallyalittletheatre,butthatactofgivingandthinkingaboutsomeoneelseisheartwarming.”ThePharmacyalsoprovidesamorepersonalizedservice.“Weaskaboutpeople’sreadinghabits,howtheyrelax,ratherthantheirproblems.Itshouldbeapleasuretoanswerthesequestions,”Deborahsays.Despiteneverhavingdoneanyonlinemarketing,ThePoetryPharmacyhasadedicatedfollowingofcreativesouls,includingMarkConstantine,CEOandcofounderofLUSH.Wedon’tknowwhatthefutureholdsforThePoetryPharmacyanditsfounder,butonethingiscertainchapterisboundtobeagoodone!24.HowmanypoetrypharmacieshasDeborahopened?AOne. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.25.WhatcanpossiblyhappeninThePoetryPharmacy?A.Poetichealing. B.Helpingphoneaddicts.C.Enjoyingtheatreperformances. D.Discussingpoetrywriting.26.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Theshopneedssomemarketing. B.Theshophasgainedacceptance.C.Deborahwillopenanewshopsoon. D.Deborahhasfoundsomecofounders.27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDeborah?A.Creativebutinconsistent. B.Conventionalbutwarm.C.Innovativeandpassionate. D.Sociableandadventurous.【答案】24.B25.A26.B27.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本篇文章主要讲述了DeborahAlma创立诗歌药房，用诗歌慰藉人们心灵，其诗歌药房从移动服务发展到固定场所，还获得了不少人的喜爱。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Lastyear,anotherPoetryPharmacyopeneditsdoorsinsideLUSHonLondon’sOxfordStreet,seekingtobringalittlecalmtothecapital.(去年，另一家诗歌药房在伦敦牛津街的LUSH内开业，试图给首都带来一点平静)”可知，她开了两家药房，故选B。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“SheisthefounderofThePoetryPharmacy(药房),whoseaimistoeaseworrywithwords,allowingvisitorstobookpoetryconsultationsfortailoredadviceorpickupaquickfixofftheshelves.(她是诗歌药房的创始人，这家公司的目标是用文字来缓解忧虑，游客可以预约诗歌咨询，获得量身定制的建议，或者从书架上买到快速解决方案)”可知，诗歌药房用诗歌缓解人们的忧虑，也就是进行诗意的治愈，故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despiteneverhavingdoneanyonlinemarketing,ThePoetryPharmacyhasadedicatedfollowingofcreativesouls,includingMarkConstantine,CEOandcofounderofLUSH.(尽管从未进行过任何在线营销，但ThePoetryPharmacy拥有一批忠实的创意灵魂追随者，其中包括LUSH的首席执行官兼联合创始人马克•康斯坦丁)”可知，诗歌药房获得了认可，有了一批追随者，故选B。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“SheisthefounderofThePoetryPharmacy(药房),whoseaimistoeaseworrywithwords,allowingvisitorstobookpoetryconsultationsfortailoredadviceorpickupaquickfixofftheshelves.(她是诗歌药房的创始人，这家公司的目标是用文字来缓解忧虑，游客可以预约诗歌咨询，获得量身定制的建议，或者从书架上买到快速解决方案)”可知，Deborah创立诗歌药房，用独特的方式帮助人们，这体现了她的创新；根据第二段“Evenbeforeshehadtwosuccessful“practices”underherbelt,Deborahwaskeenlyawareofthepowerofpoetry.Shenoticedhowitcouldbringpeopleapositivechange.(甚至在她有两次成功的“实践”之前，黛博拉就敏锐地意识到诗歌的力量。她注意到它如何给人们带来积极的变化)”可知，她关注人们的内心，想帮助人们缓解忧虑，这体现了她的同情心。故选C。CWhenAlexanderFlemingreturnedtohislabin1928,hefoundabacteriaculturehehadgrownwasinfectedbyfungus(霉菌),killinganycoloniesittouched.Ratherthansimplystartingover,Flemingswitchedhisfocustothefungus.Heidentifiedthebacteriakillingsubstance,whichhecalled“penicillin,”andseeminglyinasinglestroke,createdthenewfieldofantibiotics(抗生素).That’showmostpeopleseeinnovation:AflashofbrillianceandEureka,anewworldisborn.Thetruth,however,ismessier.Itwasn’tuntil1943thatpenicillincameintowidespreaduse.ToputFleming’sdiscoveryincon,considerIgnazSemmelweis,whopioneeredhandwashinginmaternitywards(产房),significantlyreducingchildbedfeverbutreceivingscorninsteadoffame.Thatwasbecauseinthe1850s,hisideasconflictedwiththepopularmiasmatheory,whichattributeddiseaseto“badairs.”Afterhisdeathin1865,germtheorywasaccepted,pavingthewayforFleming’slaterwork.Flemingwasagiftedbiologistbutapoormunicator.Whenhepublishedhisresultsin1929,fewtooknotice.In1935,HowardFloreyandErnstChaindiscoveredFleming’spaper,understooditsimportance,anddevelopedmethodstoproducepenicillininquantity.By1943,withWorldWarIⅡraging,theWarProductionBoardenlisted21paniestomassproducepenicillin,savingcountlesslivesandusheringinthenewageofantibiotics.Fleming,FloreyandChainreceivedtheNobelPrizeforMedicinein1945.Penicillinowesmuchofitssuccesstogovernmentsupport.FormanyothergroundbreakinginnovationsliketheInternetandGPS,theirinnovators,whilecarvingtheirownpath,areoftenuncertainofwheretheopportunityliesuntiltheyteamupwithothervisionariesandcorporations,whomighthavetheresourcestofasttracktheirideas.So,lookatanysignificantinnovationandthemythofthelonegeniusandthe“eurekamoment”breaksdown.28.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Anaccountofalabstory. B.Redefinitionofatraditionalview.C.Correctionofapopularmisconception. D.Ananalysisofascientificphenomenon29.Whatisthemessageconveyedinparagraph3?A.Greatmindsthinkalike.B.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.C.Luck’sgotyourbackwhenitestosuccess.D.Earlyworkisasteppingstonetolaterbreakthroughs.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“usheringin”intheparagraph4mean?A.Delaying. B.Introducing. C.Predicting. D.Transforming.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?A.GreatInnovations:IndividualsAreTrueHeroes.B.FromFailuretoSuccess:TheStoryofPenicillin.C.TheLoneGenius:Fleming’sDiscoveryofPenicillin.D.TheLongRoadtoPenicillin:HowInnovationHappens.【答案】28.C29.D30.B31.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了青霉素的发现和发展历程，通过这一实例揭示了创新是一个复杂且漫长的过程，并非是人们通常认为的天才的灵光一闪。【28题详解】主旨大意题。第一段讲述弗莱明发现青霉素的过程。根据第二段“That'showmostpeopleseeinnovation:AflashofbrillianceandEureka!,anewworldisborn.Thetruth,however,ismessier.”(这就是大多数人对创新的看法：灵光一闪，“尤里卡”（我发现了），一个新世界诞生了。然而，事实却更为复杂)”可知，前两段主要是纠正人们对创新的普遍误解，即认为创新是一蹴而就的这种错误观念。故选C。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Thatwasbecauseinthe1850s,hisideasconflictedwiththepopularmiasmatheory,whichattributeddiseaseto“badairs.”Afterhisdeathin1865,germtheorywasaccepted,pavingthewayforFleming'slaterwork.(这是因为在19世纪50年代，他的观点与流行的瘴气理论相冲突，后者将疾病归因于“恶劣的空气”。1865年他去世后，细菌理论被接受，为弗莱明后来的工作铺平了道路)”可推知，早期塞麦尔维斯的工作为后来弗莱明的突破奠定了基础，即早期工作是后来突破的垫脚石。故选D。【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“By1943,withWorldWarIIraging,theWarProductionBoardenlisted21paniestomassproducepenicillin,savingcountlesslives(到1943年，第二次世界大战激烈进行，战争生产委员会招募了21家公司大规模生产青霉素，拯救了无数生命)”，可知，大规模生产抗生素，使得抗生素进入了新时代。所以“usheringin”意思是“引入，开启”，与选项B（Introducing，引入）意思相符，故选B。【31题详解】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了青霉素从弗莱明的发现，到经过一系列的发展，包括前人工作的铺垫、其他人的进一步研究以及政府的支持等，最终才得以广泛应用，开启了抗生素新时代，强调了创新是一个漫长的过程。选项D“通往青霉素的漫长道路：创新是如何发生的”为短文的最佳标题，故选D。DPlasticandcheapclothesarenotagloriouslegacy(遗产).Butascientistexploringwhichitemsfromourtechnologicalcivilizationaremostlikelytosurviveformanymillionsofyearsasfossils(化石)hasreachedanironicandinstructiveconclusion:Plasticandfastfashionwillbeoureverlastinggeologicalsignature.“Plasticwilldefinitelybeasignature‘technofossil’,becauseitisincrediblydurable,wearemakingmassiveamountsofit,anditgetsaroundtheentireglobe,”saysSarahGabbott,aUniversityofLeicesonfossils.“Sowhereverthosefuturecivilizationsdig,theyaregoingtofindplastic.”Clotheswillalsomakeanabruptentryintohumanity’sfossilrecord.Today,theworld’sgrowingpopulationoftenwearsmassproducedsynthetic(合成的)clothingthatarerapidlydumpedandtheyarenotaseasilyrottedascottonandsilk.“Wearemakingtheminridiculousamounts,”saysGabbott.“Westickthemintolandfills(填埋场),whicharelikegiantmummificationtombs.Itisalreadyclearthatmuchofmodernfashionwillendupbeingtrulytimeless.”Fossilsarenotjustobjectsleftbehind,butalsothetracesoflife’sactivitywrittenintotherocks.Humanactivities,suchasoildrillingandnucleartests,willleavelastingscars.Humankindhasalsocreatedmanynearindestructiblechemicals,suchasdioxinsandDDT.Giventhatsimilarmoleculesproducedbybacteriahavebeenfoundinrocksthatare1,600millionyearsoldinWesternAustralia,thesechemicalsappeartobeheretostay.“Andthereisthegraphite(石墨)usedinpencils,”saysGabbott.“Itisendearingtothinkthatitmaybethedrawingsofchildrenthatmaysurvivebestofall:apencilportrait,perhaps,ofafamilyoutsideahouse,withthesunshiningandarainbowarcingacrossthesky,”shesaysjokingly.“Thebigmessagehereisthattheamountofstuffwearenowmakingisevewateringit’soffthescale,”saysGabbott.Allofthestuffmadebyhumansby1950wasasmallpartofallthematteronEarth.Buttodayitoutweighsallplantsandanimals.“Thisraisesseriousquestionsforusall,”shesays,“Doyouneedthat?Doyoureallyneedtobuymore?”32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthelegacymentionedinparagraph1?A.Troubling. B.Shortlived.C.Technologicallyweak. D.Environmentallyharmless.33.Whatcanbecategorizedastechnofossils?A.Dinosaurbones. B.Cottonclothing. C.Nuclearwaste. D.Solidlandfills.34.Whyis“children’sdrawings”mentionedinparagraph5?A.Tohighlighthumancreativity. B.Tocelebratemoderntechnology.C.Tostressthatwarmthoflifeisheretostay. D.Toindicatethatchemicalscouldbefossilized.35.WhatisGabbott’sprimaryconcern?A.Biodiversityloss. B.Geologicalrecordaccuracy.C.Technologicalprogress. D.Overproductionofmaterialgoods.【答案】32.A33.C34.D35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本篇文章主要介绍了科学家研究发现塑料、快时尚衣物等人类制造的物品很可能成为数百万年后的化石，这引发了对物质过度生产的思考。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Plasticandcheapclothesarenotagloriouslegacy(遗产).Butascientistexploringwhichitemsfromourtechnologicalcivilizationaremostlikelytosurviveformanymillionsofyearsasfossils(化石)hasreachedanironicandinstructiveconclusion:Plasticandfastfashionwillbeoureverlastinggeologicalsignature.(塑料和廉价衣服并不是光荣的遗产。但是，一位科学家在探索我们的技术文明中哪些东西最有可能以化石的形式存在数百万年之后，得出了一个具有讽刺意味但又具有启发性的结论：塑料和快时尚将是我们永恒的地质标志)”可知，作者对其的看法是令人担忧的。故选A。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Plasticwilldefinitelybeasignature‘technofossil’,becauseitisincrediblydurable,wearemakingmassiveamountsofit,anditgetsaroundtheentireglobe,”saysSarahGabbott,aUniversityofLeicesonfossils.(塑料肯定会成为标志性的‘科技化石’，因为它非常耐用，我们正在制造大量的塑料，它们遍布全球，”莱斯特大学的化石专家萨拉·加博特说)”根据第五段“Humanactivities,suchasoildrillingandnucleartests,willleavelastingscars.Humankindhasalsocreatedmanynearindestructiblechemicals,suchasdioxinsandDDT.(人类活动，如石油钻探和核试验，将留下持久的伤痕。人类还创造了许多几乎坚不可摧的化学品，如二恶英和DDT)”可知，核废料可以被归类为技术化石。故选C。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Giventhatsimilarmoleculesproducedbybacteriahavebeenfoundinrocksthatare1,600millionyearsoldinWesternAustralia,thesechemicalsappeartobeheretostay.(考虑到在西澳大利亚州16亿年前的岩石中发现了由细菌产生的类似分子，这些化学物质似乎会留在这里)”可知，第5段提到了“儿童绘画”是为了表明化学物质可以变成化石。故选D。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段““Thebigmessagehereisthattheamountofstuffwearenowmakingisevewateringit’soffthescale,”saysGabbott.Allofthestuffmadebyhumansby1950wasasmallpartofallthematteronEarth.Buttodayitoutweighsallplantsandanimals.“Thisraisesseriousquestionsforusall,”shesays,“Doyouneedthat?Doyoureallyneedtobuymore?”(“这里的重要信息是，我们现在制造的东西的数量已经超出了规模，”Gabbott说。到1950年，人类制造的所有东西只是地球上所有物质的一小部分。但今天它超过了所有的植物和动物。“这给我们所有人提出了严重的问题，”她说，“你需要这个吗？你真的需要买更多吗？”)”可知，Gabbott最关心的是物质产品生产过剩。故选D。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manyadultsareproudtosharetheirfascinationswithwhatotherswouldlabelaskids’toys.MiniBrandsmysterypacksorotherblindboxeshavebeeaphenomenonascollectiblesforsomeadults.____36____ForothersLegosareontheirwishlistencouragedbythebrand’sgrowingnumberofgrownupsets._____37_____Seekingandsparkingchildlikejoymaybepartoftheappeal,saidbehavioraltherapistMaddyEllberger.“Whensomethingremindsusofapositivememory,wearelikelytoengagewithitbecausetheassociationrecallsthosememories.”_____38_____Clothingbrandsarealsocashinginonnostalgia(怀旧情怀)fromCrocscreatingaLizzieMcGuireclogtoLululemon’sDisneycollectionmakingafullebackthatincludesadults.Barbieisn’tjustforkidsclothesnoweither,thankstotherecentfilmand“Barbiecore”fashiontrend.Inadditiontothetrendyappeal,alltheserevivalscanalsotouchonafeelingofconnectionduringatimeofincreaseddivision.Butwhetherthatdesireforconnectionissatisfieddependsonifyoucantranslateementintoreal,inpersonconnection._____39_____Buthavingorwearingthesamethingisnottheactualstepsofformingsharedidentity,”Ellbergersaid.“AndIfeellikethat’ssomeofwhatgetslost,anditisn’timpossible.”Ellbergerhasagreatideaforthis.“Youareintoacertaintrend,liketoys.There’sagoodchanceyou’llfindotherswhoareintothesametrend.____40____Ifitwaspartofeveryone’ssecretSantaorwhiteelephant—that’sareallycutewayofconnectingoverthis,”shesaid.A.Thecrazegoesbeyondtoys.B.So,what’swiththefascination?C.It’sagreatway