江西省南昌市高三下学期二模考试英语试题

2025届NCS模拟检测英语第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inamuseum. B.Inalibrary. C.Inaclassroom.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme,wherecanIfindthebookPrideandPrejudice?W:Youcancheckthethirdfloor.That’swheremostoftheliteraturebooksarestored.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Takeadayoff. B.Gotothemeeting. C.Takesomemedicine.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Myheadiskillingme.Themedicinedoesn'twork.W:Youshouldtakeaday'sleaveandgetsomerest.M:Ican't.Ihaveanimportantmeetingthisafternoon.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howmightthemangototheairport?A.Bycar. B.Bytaxi. C.Bybus.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:HowareyougoingtotheairporttomorrowM:Drivingacarisinconvenientforme.Iamthinkingabouttakingabus,butitmightbetooslow.MaybeIshouldtakeataxi.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthemandothisafternoon?A.Haveamathclass. B.Joinastudyteam. C.Consultateacher.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:I’mreallystrugglingwiththesemathproblems.TheyaresodifficultandIcan’treachmyteacher.W:Whynotetothestudygroupthisafternoon?Wecanworkonittogether.M:Itsoundsgreat.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Helovesthemovie.B.Hehasalreadyseenthemovie.C.He’stoobusytowatchthemovie.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:There’sagreatmovieonatthecinematonight.Doyouwanttowatchitwithme?M:I’dloveto,butIhavealotofworktodo.Ireallycan’tsparethetime.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Tomakeaplaint. B.Toconfirmanorder. C.Tobookaproduct.7.Whatwillthemangetfinally?A.Aparcelbox. B.Apurchasecard. C.Anewtoy.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】M:Hello,I'mcallingaboutthetoy.Iordereditarriveddamaged.W:I'msorrytohearthat.Sir,couldyoupleasetellmemoredetails?M:TheparcelboxwasbrokenandthereweremanyMarksontheiteminside.W:Wecansendyouareplacementrightawayorreturnthemoneytoyourpurchasecard.Whichwouldyouprefer?M:Ichoosethereplacement.W:Okay,I'llarrangeitforyou.I'llsendyouanemailtoconfirmthedetails.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatarethespeakersplanning?A.Abirthdayparty.B.Agraduationceremony.C.Ahousewarminggathering.9.Howdoesthemanfindthemunitycenter?A.Budgetfriendly. B.Welldecorated. C.Outdated.10.Howwilltheysendoutinvitations?A.Makephonecalls. B.Sendemails. C.Givepaperinvitations.【答案】8.A9.C10.B【解析】【原文】M:Tom'sbirthdayisaroundthecorner.Let'sprepareasurprisepartyforhim.W:Goodidea.First,let'schooseavenuefortheparty.M:I'mthinkingaboutthatnewcafedowntown.Ithasaprivateroom.W:I'vebeenthere.Itisprettysmall.Maybewecouldconsiderthemunitycentre.It'smuchbiggerandnottooexpensiveM:ButIthinkit'sabitoldfashioned.Thenweneedtodecorateitcarefully.Whataboutthefood?W:Wecanmakesomesimplesnacksourselvesandordermaindishesandwealsoneedtosendoutinvitations.ThistimeIsuggestsendingemailsinsteadofpaperinvitations.M:OK,theformerismoreconvenient.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whywillthewomanmovetoanewplace?A.Shehasbeenofferedanewjob.B.Shewantstoliveinanothercity.C.Shegetstiredofhercurrentrole.12.Whatwillthemanhelpdo?APackthestuff. B.Lendsomemoney. C.Findanewapartment.13.Whichplacedoesthewomanrent?A.Adistanthousewithalovelyview.B.Afurnishedflatnearthesubway.C.Acheapflatwithoutakitchen.【答案】11.A12.A13.B【解析】【原文】W:I’mmakingamovetoabrandnewplace.M:Really.Why?W:Well,Irecentlysecuredanewjobopportunityinadifferentpartofthecity.It’sadreamrole,butit’squiteadistancefrommycurrentplace.M:Oh,Itotallygetthat.Sodoyouneedanyhelpwiththemove?I’dbemorethanhappytolendahand.W:That’sincrediblysweetofyou.Couldyousparesometimetohelpmepack?M:Noproblem.Whatkindofplacehaveyourented?W:InitiallyIfoundahousewithalovelyview,butitistoofaraway.Andthenaflatnearmypanydoesn’thaveakitchen,thoughitischeaper.M:Hmm,that’sinconvenient.W:SoIchoseaflatclosetothesubwaywithallthefurniture.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Humaninteraction. B.Learningassessment. C.Educationaltechnology.15.WhatisSmartLearn’smostimpressivefeature?A.Multipleschoolcourses.B.Variousdigitalapplications.C.Customizedlearningplans.16.WhatchangehasSmartLearnbroughttostudents?A.Reducedworkload. B.Betterengagement. C.Frequentinteraction.17.WhatdosomeexpertsthinkofSmartLearn?A.Itservesasteachers’assistant.B.Itrequiresparents’guidance.C.Itmeetsstudents’learningneed.【答案】14.C15.C16.B17.A【解析】【原文】W:HeyJohn,haveyouheardaboutthenewtechnologythey'veintroducedinourschools?M:Yeah,Ithinkit'scalledsmartlearn.Whalydoesitdo?W:Themostamazingfeatureisthatsmartlearnusesartificialintelligencetocreatepersonalizedlearningplansforeachstudent.Itintegrateswithourschoolcoursesandofferstonsofdigitalresourceslikeinteractivevideos,quizzesandvirtuallabexperimentsbasedonstudentperformance.Itadjustslearningplansinrealtime.M:Thatsoundscool.Whatdoteachersthinkaboutit?W:Theyloveit.Ithelpsthemassigntailoredhomeworkandgivemorepersonalizedassessment.Parentscanalsotracktheirkids'progress.M:That'sgreatforparents.Hasitmadeanydifferencetostudents?W:Absolutely.Studentsaremoremotivatedandconfidenttheyaremoreactiveandtheirparticipationhasgoneup.M:Soundtoogoodtobetrue.Arethereanydisadvantages?W:Someexpertssayitshouldbeateachingaid,notareplacement.Forteachers,humaninteractionisstillcrucial.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.Whichcityismorelikelytofocusonbuildingenoughhouses?A.Dubai. B.Tokyo. C.London.19.Whatcanhelptosolvethe“lastmile”problem?A.Selfdrivetaxis. B.Privatecars. C.Sharedbikes.20.Whatisessentialtothecitizens’lifequality?A.Populationstructure. B.Publictransportation. C.Socialfacilities.【答案】18.A19.C20.C【解析】【原文】Whenwetalkabouturbanplanning,wemustconsidermultiplefactors.Oneaspectisthepopulation.Understandingthepopulationsize,structureandgrowthtrendsiscrucial.Forexample,acitywitharapidlyincreasingpopulation,suchasDubai,needstoplanforsufficienthousingandschools.Incontrast,anagingpopulationlikeinTokyocallsformorenursinghomes,seniorfriendlypublicspacesandaccessiblehealthcareservices.Anotherimportantfactorinurbanplanningissustainabletransportation.InmanymoderncitieslikeLondon,theoverrelianceonprivatecarshasLEDtotrafficjamsandenvironmentalpollution.Todealwiththis,moreandmorecitiesareinvestinginpublictransportationsystems.However,simplybuildingmorepublictransportationisn'tenough.Wealsoneedtoimprovethelastmileproblem.Thisreferstothedifficultyofgettingfromthepublictransportationstoptothefinaldestination.Solutionslikebikesharingprogramsandelectricbikerentalsareemergingtoaddressthisissue.Additionally,socialfacilitiessuchasschoolsandpublicspacesareessentialtoenhancethequalityoflifeforresidentsandcontributetotheoverallwellbeingofthemunity.Inconclusion,urbanplanningisaplexprocessthatrequiresaprehensiveconsiderationofpopulation,transportation,economic,environmentalandsocialfactors.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWe,NewYorkCityDepartmentofSanitation,offerFREEweeklyroadsidecollectionservice,makingiteasyforyoutodealwithyourtrash(垃圾)andkeepourcityclean.SettingOutTrashAsofNovember12,2024,singleandtwofamilyhomes,andbuildingswithupto9apartmentsarerequiredtousetrashboxeswithsecurelids(盖子)fortrashsetout.ResidentialBuildingswith19Units●Placetrashoutafter6:00PMinaboxof55gallonsorlesswithasecurelidResidentialBuildingswith10+Units●Placetrashoutafter6:00PMinaboxof55gallonsorlesswithasecurelid,or●Placetrashoutafter8:00PM,ifputtingbagsdirectlyontheroadsideToensurecollection,allwastemustbesetoutbymidnight.PurchaseyourofficialNYCBoxes.boxes.nycorbycalling1855NYCBINS.BoxStorageTrashboxesshouldbestoredinsideorinpassages,courtyards,orotheroutdoorareasawayfrompublicsidewalks.Ifspaceisnotavailable,youmaystoreboxeswithinthreefeetofyourbuilding.Containersmustbekeptneatandallowforpeopletotravel.MissedCollectionYoucanreportthatyourtrash,orrecyclingwasnotpickedup.Startat8:00AMthedayafteryourcollectionday.Toreportmissedcollection,call311oremailus.21.What’srequiredforresidentialbuildingwith19unitswhensettingouttrash?A.Purchasingassignedclearbags. B.Classifyingthetrashasrequired.C.Usingboxeswithasecurelid. D.Placingtrashoutbefore6:00PM.22.Wherecantrashboxesbekept?A.Onpublicsidewalks. B.Inpassages.C.Withintenfeetofthebuilding. D.Outsidecourtyards.23.Howcanresidentsreportamissedtrashcollection?A.Bycontacting311onthecollectionday. B.Bycalling1855NYCBINS.C.Byvisitingthewebsite.boxes.nyc. D.ByemailingNYCDepartmentofSanitation.【答案】21.C22.B23.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是纽约市环卫部门提供的免费路边垃圾收集服务及其具体要求和操作方法。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据ResidentialBuildingswith19Units部分“Placetrashoutafter6:00PMinaboxof55gallonsorlesswithasecurelid(在晚上6:00后将垃圾放置于容量不超过55加仑且带有牢固盖子的箱子中)”可知，1至9单元的住宅建筑在投放垃圾时需要使用带牢固盖子的箱子。故选C项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据BoxStorage部分的“Trashboxesshouldbestoredinsideorinpassages,courtyards,orotheroutdoorareasawayfrompublicsidewalks.(垃圾桶应存放在室内、通道、庭院或其他远离公共人行道的户外区域)”可知，垃圾桶可以存放在通道中。故选B项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据MissedCollection部分的“Toreportmissedcollection,call311oremailus.(若要报告未收集的垃圾，可拨打311或发送电子邮件给我们)”可知，居民可以通过电子邮件联系纽约市环卫局来报告未收集的垃圾。故选D项。BAnnieSmith,32,wentintolaborasfloodwatersfromHurricaneHarveysurroundedherapartment.Withtheroadsunderwater,thetwomiledrivetothehospitalwasimpossible.Annieandherhusband,Greg,bothdoctors,beganpreparingforahomebirth.Gregrushedtogathersupplies—scissors,sewingneedles—whilehismotherboiledwatertosterilize(消毒)them.“I’mreallystartingtogetscarednow,”AnnietoldGregastherealitysetin.Aneighbor,checkingontheSmiths,sentanemailtotheirapartmentplex’smessageboardaskingforhelp.Within30minutes,atleast15peopleshowedup,includingmedicaltraineesfromtheplex.Meanwhile,thecouplehadbeencontinuouslydialing911butnevergotananswer.Finally,acalltothedirectorofAnnie’sfellowshipprogramledtoaction.Thedirector’sfather,wholivednearafirestation,walkedtheretoexplainthesituation.Aroundnoon,arescuetruckarrived.Bythen,thewaterhadreachedtoaformidablelevelthatthevehiclecouldn’tgetclose.TheSmiths’neighborsandfirefightersformedahumanchaintohelpAnnieSmithtothebackoftheflatbedtruck.“Iheldontothemonepersonatatime,”shesaid,movingonherhandsandkneesalongtheirarmsuntilshereachedtheladdersafely.Shesatonablanketinthetruck,ashowercurtainoverherhead,astheydrovethroughtheflood.TheSmithsarrivedatTexasChildren’sHospitalabout15minuteslater.Anhourlater,theirdaughterAdriellewasborn,weighing7pounds,6ounces.Thecouple,exhaustedbutrelieved,appreciatedtheneighborsandfiremenwhohadetotheiraid.“Itwasabsolutelyincrediblehowmanypeoplerespondedandwereoutintheraintryingtohelpus,”Anniesaid.24.WhydidtheSmithsatfirstprepareforahomebirth?A.Thehospitalwasinaccessible. B.Driverswerehardtoreach.C.Theyweresuggestedbydoctors. D.Theemergencyserviceswereoffduty.25.Whoplayedacrucialroleincallingtherescuetruck?A.Aneighbour. B.Greg’smother.C.Amedicaltrainee. D.Thedirector’sfather.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“formidable”inparagraph4mean?A.Scary. B.Awesome. C.Average. D.Normal.27.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwriting?A.Torecordanunforgettabledisaster. B.Toremembertherespectedfiremen.C.Topraisethelovewithinthemunity. D.ToraisefundsforAnnie’sfellowshipprogram.【答案】24.A25.D26.A27.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一对医生夫妇在飓风洪水中，因医院无法到达而准备在家分娩，最终在邻居和消防员的帮助下成功获救并诞下女儿的感人故事。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Withtheroadsunderwater,thetwomiledrivetothehospitalwasimpossible.(由于道路被水淹没，前往医院两英里的路程无法实现)”可知，由于道路被水淹没，医院无法到达，所以史密斯一家最初准备在家分娩。故选A项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Finally,acalltothedirectorofAnnie’sfellowshipprogramledtoaction.Thedirector’sfather,wholivednearafirestation,walkedtheretoexplainthesituation.(最终，给安妮的研究生项目主任打电话促成了行动。这位主任的父亲住在消防站附近，他步行到那里解释了情况)”可知，这位主任的父亲住在消防站附近，他步行到那里解释了情况。由此可知，这位主任的父亲在联系救援卡车的过程中起到了关键作用。故选D项。【26题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Aroundnoon,arescuetruckarrived.Bythen,thewaterhadreachedtoaformidablelevelthatthevehiclecouldn’tgetclose.(中午时分，一辆救援卡车到达。然而，洪水已经涨到了一个formidable程度，车辆无法靠近)”可知，划线单词后的同位语从句对level进行解释，洪水到了车辆无法靠近的程度，由此可知，洪水水位高得吓人，阻碍了车辆靠近，所以划线单词的意思与scary“可怕的”意义相近。故选A项。【27题详解】推理判断题。结合全文内容，尤其是最后一段中“Thecouple,exhaustedbutrelieved,appreciatedtheneighborsandfiremenwhohadetotheiraid.“Itwasabsolutelyincrediblehowmanypeoplerespondedandwereoutintheraintryingtohelpus,”Anniesaid.(这对夫妇虽然筋疲力尽，但感到如释重负，他们非常感激前来帮助他们的邻居和消防员。安妮说：“令人难以置信的是，有那么多人响应并冒着大雨来帮助我们。”)”可知，这对夫妇非常感激前来帮助他们的邻居和消防员。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是赞美社区内的互助与爱心。故选C项。CWhatifeverythinghappensforareason?It’satheorythatwe’veallheardmorethanonce.Andinmanyways,burnttoasttheorycanbeseenasamoderntakeonthisclassicidea,implyingthateverylittleinconvenienceweexperienceinourdaytodayliveshappensforabiggerreason.We’veallbeenthere.Sayyouaccidentallyburnyourtoastbeforeleavingforwork.Accordingtoburnttoasttheory,thissingle,tinyinconvenienceisenoughtohaveadominoeffect(多米诺效应).Yourmorningisthenpushedbackbywhat,maybethreetofiveminutes?Perhapsthatisenoughtimetoleavethehousealittlebitlaterthanusual,andtoavoidgettinginacaraccident.Oritmightmeanyouendupgettingalatertrain,andavoidbumpingintosomeonewhoyou’dreallyratheravoid.Inotherwords,theburnttoasttheoryisaremindertoshiftyourthinkingpattern.Whenwechoosetoviewtheworldinamorepositivelight,wecanhelptoreducefeelingsofanxiety,andreleaseourfearofbeingoutofcontroloftheworldaroundus.Itpreventsusfromthinkingoversomethingthatisn’treallyallthatbadinthegrandperspectiveofthingsandencouragesustomakemeaningofchallengeswemayexperience,thusmakingusmoreadaptivetothefuturesetbacks.imeyoufeelyourselfbeingannoyedorfrustratedbyaninconvenienceinyourlife,tryreshapingyourthoughtsbytellingyourselfwhyyou’regratefulfortheinconvenience.Whilemaintainingapositivemindsetcangoalongway,burnttoasttheoryisnotwithoutitsdrawbacks.Bemindfulthatonlyallowingyourselftofocusonpositivethoughtscanmeanthatyouaredenyingyourselfthechancetoproperlyengagewithchallengingordifficultemotions,insteadfocusingoncreatingafalsepositiveprofile.28.Whatmaybeacaseoftheburnttoasttheory?A.Gainingrewardsafterpayingefforts.B.Losingajobafterforgettingtosetanalarm.C.Meetingafutureemployeraftermissingaflight.D.Mendingfriendshipafterclearingmisunderstandings.29.Whatistheresultofapplyingtheburnttoasttheoryaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Betterjudgementonfears. B.Richerexperiencefromfailures.C.Theremovalofdailyinconveniences. D.Theharvestofapositivemindset.30.Whichaspectofthetheorydoesthelastparagraphfocuson?A.Wouldbeprojects. B.Realworldapplications.C.Potentialweaknesses. D.Practicaladvantages.31.Whatisprobablythebesttitleof?A.LessIsMore B.MakeaLemonLemonadeC.OnceBitten,TwiceShy D.BetterLateThanNever【答案】28.C29.D30.C31.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是“烧焦的面包理论”，即通过积极视角看待生活中的不便，将其视为有意义的转折点，同时也探讨了该理论的潜在局限性。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Andinmanyways,burnttoasttheorycanbeseenasamoderntakeonthisclassicidea,implyingthateverylittleinconvenienceweexperienceinourdaytodayliveshappensforabiggerreason.(而且在许多方面，烧焦面包理论可以被视为这一经典思想的现代诠释，暗示着我们在日常生活中经历的每一个小不便都出于更大的原因)”可知，烧焦面包理论暗示着我们在日常生活中经历的每一个小不便都出于更大的原因，结合第二段中的“Perhapsthatisenoughtimetoleavethehousealittlebitlaterthanusual,andtoavoidgettinginacaraccident.Oritmightmeanyouendupgettingalatertrain,andavoidbumpingintosomeonewhoyou’dreallyratheravoid.(也许这足够让你比平时晚一点出门，从而避免了一场车祸。或者这意味着你赶上了稍晚的火车，避开了一个你宁愿避开的人)”可知，错过航班后遇到未来雇主是符合该理论的案例。故选C项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Inotherwords,theburnttoasttheoryisaremindertoshiftyourthinkingpattern.Whenwechoosetoviewtheworldinamorepositivelight,wecanhelptoreducefeelingsofanxiety,andreleaseourfearofbeingoutofcontroloftheworldaroundus.(换句话说，烧焦面包理论提醒我们要转变思维方式。当我们选择以更积极的态度看待世界时，我们可以帮助减轻焦虑感，并释放对周围世界失控的恐惧)”可知，烧焦面包理论提醒我们要转变思维方式，用更积极的态度看世界。由此可知，应用该理论的结果是收获积极心态。故选D项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Whilemaintainingapositivemindsetcangoalongway,burnttoasttheoryisnotwithoutitsdrawbacks.Bemindfulthatonlyallowingyourselftofocusonpositivethoughtscanmeanthatyouaredenyingyourselfthechancetoproperlyengagewithchallengingordifficultemotions,insteadfocusingoncreatingafalsepositiveprofile.(虽然保持积极的心态可以走得很远，但烧焦面包理论并非没有缺点。要注意，只允许自己专注于积极的想法可能意味着你正在剥夺自己正确面对挑战或困难情绪的机会，而是专注于创造一个虚假的积极形象)”可知，烧焦面包理论并非没有缺点，进而分析了其危害，由此可知，最后一段聚焦于该理论的潜在弱点。故选C项。【31题详解】主旨大意题。结合全文内容，尤其是首段“Whatifeverythinghappensforareason?It’satheorythatwe’veallheardmorethanonce.Andinmanyways,burnttoasttheorycanbeseenasamoderntakeonthisclassicidea,implyingthateverylittleinconvenienceweexperienceinourdaytodayliveshappensforabiggerreason.(如果每件事的发生都有其原因呢？这是一个我们都不止一次听过的理论。在许多方面，“烧焦面包理论”可以被视为这一经典思想的现代诠释，暗示我们在日常生活中遇到的每一个小麻烦都可能是出于某种更大的原因)”可知，全文围绕“烧焦的面包理论”展开，强调通过积极视角看待生活中的不便，将挑战转化为机遇，同时指出其潜在的局限性。选项B“化挫折为机遇”与这一主题意义相符，最适合作为标题。故选B项。DJamesHansen,theclimatescientistbestknownforwarningtheUSCongressaboutglobalwarminginthe1980s,hasstrengthenedhismessagethatweareunderestimatingtheclimateimpactofdecliningairpollution.“Reducingairpollutionisessentialforhealthandenvironment,butwehavetounderstanditsplexrelationshipwithclimatechangewhenweusedaerosols(气溶胶)tocanceloutalmosthalfofgreenhousegaswarming,”saidHansenataUnitedNationsSustainableDevelopmentNetworkbriefing.Recordrisesinglobaltemperaturesin2023and2024haveledtodebateaboutwhetherglobalwarmingisacceleratingfasterthanexpected.Hansenandcolleaguespreviouslylinkedthisaccelerationwithreducedairpollution.Nowtheyofferanewanalysissuggestingdecliningairpollutioncanexplainrecenttemperatureincreases.AerosolsinairpollutionreflectsunlightawayfromEarthandaffectcloudproperties.A2020shippingregulationcontrollingsulphur(硫磺)emissionsprovidedcriticalevidence:inPacificshippingroutes,reducedaerosolsallowed0.5wattsofadditionalheatpersquaremetertoreachEarth,equaltoadecade’sworthofcurrentCO2emissions.Thissuggestsaerosolspreviouslymaskeduptohalfofgreenhousewarming.Hansenwarnssuchfindingsimplyclimatesensitivityisfarhigherthanestimated,andarguestheworldismorerapidlyapproachingclimatetippingpoints.However,manyscientistshavemixedviews.MichaelDiamondatFloridaStateUniversitynotesHansen’s0.5wattestimateis“aremeedgeofplausibility(合理性),”whileNASA’sGavinSchmidtarguesthenumberis“verylikelyanoverestimate”.Achangeinaerosolsmaynotevenbenecessarytoexplainthetemperaturerise,saysShivPriyamRaghuramanattheUniversityofIllinoisUrbanaChampaign—hepreviouslyfounditcanbeexplainedbychangesinPacificOceamtemperaturesalone.Hesaysmoreworkisneededtounderstandthewarmingeffectsofaerosolsbeforeweputtheblameonreducedairpollution.“Atleast,reducingairpollutionremainsvitalnowadays.”32.What’sHansen’swarningabout?A.Themisconceptionofgreenhousegases. B.Theinfluenceofairpollutionreduction.C.Thenecessityofdecliningairpollution. D.Theresultsofcontinuingglobalwarming.33.Whydoestheauthormentionthe2020shippingregulation?A.Tourgethegovernmenttoreduceairpollution.B.Tostressaerosols’impactongreenhousewarming.C.Toexplainthechangeofpresentclimate.D.Topraisetheregulationsonsulphuremissions.34.WhatisMichaelDiamond’sattitudetowardsHansen’s0.5wattestimate?A.Supportive. B.Indistinct. C.Respectful D.Doubtful.35.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthetemperaturerisefromthelastparagraph?A.Furtherresearchisdemanded. B.Aerosolsarethedecisivefactor.C.Previousstudiesareineffective. D.PacificOceantemperaturescountmost.【答案】32.B33.B34.D35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是气候学家詹姆斯·汉森关于减少空气污染对气候影响的警告，并探讨了气溶胶与全球变暖之间的复杂关系及其科学争议。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的““Reducingairpollutionisessentialforhealthandenvironment,butwehavetounderstanditsplexrelationshipwithclimatechangewhenweusedaerosols(气溶胶)tocanceloutalmosthalfofgreenhousegaswarming,”saidHansenataUnitedNationsSustainableDevelopmentNetworkbriefing.(汉森在联合国可持续发展网络简报会上表示：“减少空气污染对健康和环境至关重要，但当我们利用气溶胶抵消了近一半的温室气体变暖时，我们必须理解其与气候变化之间的复杂关系。”)”可知，汉森指出，减少空气污染对健康和环境至关重要，由此可知，汉森的警告主要集中在减少空气污染对气候的影响。故选B项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“A2020shippingregulationcontrollingsulphur(硫磺)emissionsprovidedcriticalevidence:inPacificshippingroutes,reducedaerosolsallowed0.5wattsofadditionalheatpersquaremetertoreachEarth,equaltoadecade’sworthofcurrentCO2emissions.(2020年限制硫排放的航运法规提供了关键证据：在太平洋航线上，气溶胶的减少使每平方米地球表面额外吸收了0.5瓦热量，相当于当前十年的二氧化碳排放量。)”可知，气溶胶的减少使每平方米地球表面额外吸收了0.5瓦热量，由此可知，作者提到2020年的航运法规是为了强调气溶胶对温室效应的影响。故选B项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中的“MichaelDiamondatFloridaStateUniversitynotesHansen’s0.5wattestimateis“aremeedgeofplausibility(合理性),”whileNASA’sGavinSchmidtarguesthenumberis“verylikelyanoverestimate”.(佛罗里达州立大学的迈克尔·戴蒙德指出，汉森提出的0.5瓦估计值“处于合理性的极端边缘”，而美国宇航局的加文·施密特则认为这个数字“极有可能被高估了”。)”可知，迈克尔·戴蒙德指出，汉森提出的0.5瓦估计值“处于合理性的极端边缘”，由此可推断，迈克尔·戴蒙德对汉森的估计持怀疑态度。故选D项。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Hesaysmoreworkisneededtounderstandthewarmingeffectsofaerosolsbeforeweputtheblameonreducedairpollution.(他说，在我们将责任归咎于空气污染减少之前，还需要更多工作来理解气溶胶的增温效应。)”可知，ShivPriyamRaghuraman认为，还需要更多工作来理解气溶胶的增温效应，由此可知，关于气温上升的原因仍需进一步研究。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Rockclimbinghasrecentlygrownrapidly,withnearly1,500peopletryingitforthefirsttimeeachday.Newclimbinggymsaresurfacingacrossthecountry,makingiteasiertoexplorethisexcitingactivitywithsomanyoptionsavailable.Whetheryou’reseekingadventure,fitness,oranewsocialcircle,rockclimbingoffersauniqueexperience.____36____Discovertheclimberwithinyou.Howlongittakestolearnrockclimbingvariesforclimbers.Somebelieveclimbingoutdoorsmaytake35yearstoseeresults,whilesomemayseesomeimprovementwithinamonth,andbegintofeelconfidentaftersixmonthsofcontinuedpractice.It’spossibleforyoutobeeanexpertinayear.____37____Takingthefirststepisalwaysthebiggestchallenge.Beginnersareoftenconcernedaboutappearingawkwardatsomepoint.____38____Mostclimbersarefocusedonthemselvesandtheirclimbingjourney.Yoursafetyiswhattrulymatterstopeople.So,don’tfearlookingsilly.Getyourmindsetinorder.Startwithindoorcoursesanddon’ttrytoacquirerockclimbingtechniquesovernight.Moreover,climbingisnotsimplyaphysicalsport._____39_____You’dbetterunderstandthemindsetbehindsuccessfulclimbing,suchasoveringfearsandmanagingselfdoubt.____40____Yourgymisfullofsupportivememberswhowillcheeryouonandhelpyoutosucceed.Itissoeasytomakefriendsinaclimbinggymwithindividualssharingthesameinterest.You’reallheretodosomethingtobetteryourselves,andthatkindofpositivitybondspeopletogetherlikeabigfamily.A.There’salotofmentaltrainingaswell.B.Youarealwaysresponsibleforyourownsafety.C.Watchingsisalsooneofthefastestwaystolearn.D.Butyou’llneverknowyourlearningtimelineuntilyoustart.E.Thecoolthingaboutclimbingisthatit’smoreofamunity.F.However,nooneisactuallygoingtojudgehowskilledyouare.G.Withallthesebenefits,itistimetostretchyourbodytotryout.【答案】36.G37.D38.F39.A40.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是攀岩运动的兴起及其带来的多种益处，包括个人成长、健身以及社交等方面，并提供了初学者如何开始攀岩的建议。【36题详解】根据上文的“Whetheryou’reseekingadventure,fitness,oranewsocialcircle,rockclimbingoffersauniqueexperience.(无论你是在寻找冒险、健身，还是一个新的社交圈，攀岩都能提供一种独特的体验。)”可知，攀岩能给人们提供独特的体验，结合下文的“Discovertheclimberwithinyou.(发现你内心的攀岩者。)”可知，此处应是鼓励人们去尝试攀岩，G选项“Withallthesebenefits,itistimetostretchyourbodytotryout.(有这么多好处，是时候伸展你的身体去尝试了。)”起到承上启下的作用，其中的thesebenefits指代的是上文的内容，并鼓励人们去尝试攀岩，符合语境。故选G项。【37题详解】根据本段的主题句“Howlongittakestolearnrockclimbingvariesforclimbers.(学习攀岩所需的时间因攀岩者而异。)”可知，本段讲述的是虚席攀岩所需要的时间，结合空前的“It’spossibleforyoutobeeanexpertinayear.(你有可能在一年内成为专家。)”以及空格所处的位置，此处应是对上文内容进行总结，且与学习攀岩时间相关，D选项“Butyou’llneverknowyourlearningtimelineuntilyoustart.(但不到你开始，你永远不会知道你的学习时间线。)”与本段主题相关，且与上文的内容为转折关系，符合逻辑。故选D项。【38题详解】根据上文的“Beginnersareoftenconcernedaboutappearingawkwardatsomepoint.(初学者常常担心在某个时候会显得笨拙。)”可知，初学者可能显得有些笨拙，结合空后的“Mostclimbersarefocusedonthemselvesandtheirclimbingjourney.(大多数攀岩者专注于自己和他们的攀岩旅程。)”可知，大部分攀岩者只关注自己而非别人，由此可推断，此空应承上启下，F选项“However,nooneisactuallygoingtojudgehowskilledyouare.(然而，实际上没有人会评判你的技能水平。)”与上文的内容为转折关系，且引出下文讲述的人们关注的焦点，缓解了初学者的担忧。故选F项。【39题详解】根据上文的“Moreover,climbingisnotsimplyaphysicalsport.(此外，攀岩不仅仅是一项体力运动。)”可知，攀岩不仅是一项体力运动，暗示还有其他方面的训练，A选项“There’salotofmentaltrainingaswell.(它还包括大量的心理训练。)”表明，攀岩还需要心理训练，承接上文。故选A项。【40题详解】分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的主题句，结合下文的“Yourgymisfullofsupportivememberswhow