Unit5LearningfromNature词汇精讲课件高中英语外研版选择性

Unit5LearningfromNature词汇精讲外研版选择性必修第三册lotus/ˈləʊtəs/n.莲花，荷花课文例句Shapedtoresemblealotusflower,itappearstofloatabovethewaterfrontpromenade.lotusflower是固定搭配；ArtScienceMuseum,Singapore的设计灵感lotusroot（莲藕）/lotusseed（莲子）/lotuspond（荷塘）termite/ˈtɜːmaɪt/n.白蚁课文例句termiteswereconstructingtheirnests—EastgateCentre仿生白蚁巢穴通风结构termitemound（白蚁丘）是仿生学核心概念⚠拼写：ter-mite，不是termightcolonyoftermites（白蚁群落）/termitenest（白蚁巢穴）mound/maʊnd/n.土堆；土丘课文例句TheEastgateCentremimicstheventilationstructureoftermitemounds.moundofsth.一堆……；burialmound（墓冢）；antmound（蚁冢）termitemound是本单元核心词组；mound本义是自然或人工堆成的土丘algae/ˈældʒiː/n.（复数）藻类（植物）课文例句Thesurfaceofthebuildingiscoveredinpanelsthatcontainalgae.单数alga/ˈælɡə/，复数algae—不规则！注意拼写和读音algae-poweredbuilding（藻类驱动建筑）/algaebloom（藻华）/microalgae（微藻）take…forgranted★重点词短语认为……理所当然；对……不珍视课文例句wemaytakethemforgrantedwithoutrealisinghowmuchinspirationtheyhavegivenus.拓展搭配▸takeitforgrantedthat+从句→认为……是理所当然的（高频句型）▸Don'ttakeyourhealth/family/friendsforgranted.▸Itookitforgrantedthathewouldcome.（我想当然地认为他会来）反义表达：cherish/appreciate/treasure—珍视；写作对比句中配合使用🎯Weshouldnevertake…forgranted./Itisunwisetotake…forgranted.—写作常用句型pinecone/ˈpaɪnkəʊn/n.松果，松球课文例句Whenwelookatapinecone,wemightthinkhowmuchitlookslikethetilesonaroof.pinetree（松树）/pineneedle（松针）/pineforest（松林）课文类比：pinecone→rooftiles（松果外形→屋顶瓦片）—仿生学思维导入tile/taɪl/n.瓦片；瓷砖课文例句pinecone→tilesonaroof（课文仿生类比）rooftile（屋顶瓦片）/floortile（地砖）/walltile（墙砖）tilev.铺瓦/瓷砖；tiledroof（瓦片屋顶）/tiledfloor（瓷砖地板）architect/ˈɑːkɪtekt/★重点词n.建筑师词族n.architect建筑师MickPearcewasthearchitectoftheEastgateCentre.n.architecture建筑风格；建筑设计nature-inspiredarchitectureadj.architectural建筑的architecturaldesign/architecturalmarveladv.architecturally在建筑上architecturallysignificantbuildinglandscapearchitect（景观建筑师）/navalarchitect（船舶设计师）🎯写作升级：architecturaldesign（代替buildingdesign）/architect（代替designer）—更学术mimic/ˈmɪmɪk/★重点词v./n.模仿；模仿者课文例句TheEastgateCentremimicstheventilationstructureoftermitemounds.词族：mimicryn.模仿|biomimicryn.仿生学三近义词辨析imitate较正式；以某物为模型；强调学习效仿Childrenlearnbyimitatingadults.mimic精确复制外形/行为；仿生学首选用词TheCentremimicstermitemounds.copy最通俗最广泛；不一定有创造性copyingformandshape（课文）🎯仿生学写作用mimic/imitate更学术；biomimicry近年高频话题词，可直接用在作文里waterfront/ˈwɔːtəfrʌnt/n.滨水地区；临水街道课文例句itappearstofloatabovethewaterfrontpromenadeandthewaterthatsurroundsit.waterfrontarea（滨水区）/waterfrontdevelopment（滨水开发）water+front→水的正面/前沿；与promenade经常搭配出现，描述滨海建筑场景promenade/ˌprɒməˈnɑːd/n.滨海步行道；公共散步场所课文例句itappearstofloatabovethewaterfrontpromenade.promenadev.散步；seasidepromenade（海滨步行道）concertpromenade/promenadeconcert（音乐会散步场）—注意这个文化含义plumbing/ˈplʌmɪŋ/n.管道系统课文例句Thewateristhenrecycledthroughthebuilding'splumbingsystem.plumbern.水管工；plumbingwork（管道工程）/plumbingsystem（管道系统）描述建筑节能系统时的专业词汇；课文中指ArtScienceMuseum的雨水回收管道superb/sjuːˈpɜːb/★重点词adj.极好的，出色的课文例句Harare'sEastgateCentreisasuperbexampleofbiomimicry.三近义形容词辨析superb语气最强；质量/水平极高；书面口语均可asuperbperformance/superbcraftsmanshipoutstanding①杰出的（≈superb）②未解决的⚠outstandingissues（未解决的问题）remarkable值得注意、引人注目；常带惊叹语气aremarkableachievement⚠outstanding双义陷阱：①excellent②unsettled/unpaid（未解决的/未付的）—两义均有高考考查！🎯近义选词常考：superb/outstanding/remarkable辨析；写作中outstanding最常用，superb最强烈biomimicry/ˌbaɪəʊˈmɪmɪkri/★重点词n.仿生学词根拆解：bio-（生命）+mimicry（模仿）→模仿自然/生命=仿生学课文中的两种仿生类型①copyingformandshape（模仿外形）例：bullettrainsimitatethebeakofabird→runfasterandmorequietly②takinginspirationfromabilities（模仿能力）例：inspiredbydolphins→sendsignalsunderwater→tsunamiearly-warningsystems🎯biomimicry近年高频话题词；动词用mimic/imitate，名词用biomimicry更学术dioxide/daɪˈɒksaɪd/n.二氧化物课文例句Thealgaearefedwithliquidnutrientsandcarbondioxidetoencouragethemtogrow.carbondioxide（CO₂二氧化碳）是最常见搭配；di-（二）+oxide（氧化物）silicondioxide（二氧化硅）/sulfurdioxide（二氧化硫SO₂）/nitrogendioxide（二氧化氮）convert/kənˈvɜːt/★重点词v.使转变；使转换课文例句Thepanelscaptureheatfromthesunandconvertitintoenergythatpowersthebuilding.词族v.convert使转变；转换；改变信仰convertsolarenergyintoelectricityn.conversion转变；改造；换算theconversionofsunlighttoenergyadj.convertible可转变的；（车）可开篷的aconvertiblecar/convertiblecurrency核心结构：convertAinto/toB（把A转换成B）convertto（转变信仰/改宗）/convertinto（转换为……）—两种介词含义有区别🎯convert常考搭配：convertAinto/toB；高考写作环保话题：convertwasteintoenergy（将废物转化为能源）frontier/ˈfrʌntɪə/n.（学科的）知识前沿；边界课文例句tomorrowmaybeachallenge,buteventhesimplestorganismscanhelpteachushowtoachievethis,righthereatthefrontier.atthefrontierof（处于……的前沿）/pushbackthefrontiers（拓展知识边界）科技/学术写作高频词：onthefrontierofscience（在科学前沿）/frontiertechnology（前沿技术）pond/pɒnd/n.池塘课文例句apondandanisland（留园描述）fishpond（鱼塘）/lilypond（睡莲池）/pondlife（池塘生物）WaldenPond—梭罗隐居地，书名《瓦尔登湖》中的核心意象sow/səʊ/v.播（种）课文例句determinethebesttimetosowandharvest（24节气内容）sow—sowed—sown/sowed（两种过去分词均可）/sowseeds（播种）引申义：sowdiscord/doubt（播下不和/疑虑的种子）—常考引申义；reapwhatyousow（自食其果）wisdom/ˈwɪzdəm/n.智慧课文例句wisdomlearntfromnature（24节气是从自然中习得的智慧）词族：wiseadj.明智的|wiselyadv.|wisdomtooth（智齿）conventionalwisdom（传统智慧/惯常看法）/wordsofwisdom（至理名言）/wiseman/woman（智者）seeksolutionsto★重点词短语寻求……的解决方法课文例句Biomimicrystudiesandimitatesnature'sdesignstoseeksolutionstohumanproblems.⚠seek是不规则动词！seek—sought—sought（过去式/过去分词均为sought）常见搭配▸seekhelp/advice/information（寻求帮助/建议/信息）▸seektodosth.（设法做某事；试图……）▸seekapproval/permission/opportunities（寻求批准/许可/机会）🎯写作升级：replace'trytofindsolutions'→'seeksolutionsto'；much-sought-after（备受追捧的）takeinspirationfrom★重点词短语从……中获取灵感课文例句TheWrightbrothersgottheirinspirationfromobservingpigeonsinflight.近义表达（四种说法均可用于写作）▸takeinspirationfrom从……获取灵感（课文短语）▸drawinspirationfrom从……汲取灵感（较正式）▸beinspiredby受……启发（最常用）词族：inspirev.→inspirationn.→inspiredadj.（受激励的）→inspiringadj.（鼓舞人心的）🎯inspired/inspiring辨析常考；写作仿生/科技话题：beinspiredbynature→drawinspirationfromnatureemploy/ɪmˈplɔɪ/★重点词v.①雇用②使用，运用课文例句whichiscurrentlyemployedintsunamiearly-warningsystems.（义②：运用）词族n.employer雇主employerandemployeen.employee员工；被雇用者full-timeemployeen.employment雇用；就业employmentrate/seekemploymentn.unemployment失业unemploymentbenefit（失业救济）employ较正式；书面语use最通用apply应用理论/知识utilise有效利用bat/bæt/n.蝙蝠课文例句Buthowdobatsavoidcrashingintoeachother?Theanswerliesintheiruseofecho-location.batv.用球棒打；batn.①蝙蝠②球棒（cricketbat/baseballbat）asblindasabat（像蝙蝠一样瞎→非常近视）/havebatsinthebelfry（古怪）echo-location/ˌekəʊləʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/n.回声定位课文例句Batsuseecho-locationtoidentifythepositionofobjects.echon.回声+locationn.位置定位→回声定位；仿蝙蝠→radar（雷达）系统echolocation（一个词也可）/sonar（声纳）—相关技术词汇radar/ˈreɪdɑː/n.雷达课文例句Scientistsarestudyingbatstoimproveradarsystems.RADAR=RadioDetectionAndRanging（首字母缩略词）radarscreen（雷达屏幕）/undertheradar（不引人注意地）/offtheradar（脱离监控）swimsuit/ˈswɪmsuːt/n.游泳衣课文例句Byimitatingthescalesonashark'sskin,wehavecreatedswimsuitsthatallowswimmerstoswimmuchfaster.swim+suit→游泳服；仿生学应用：鲨鱼皮纹理→竞技游泳泳衣bathingsuit/swimmingcostume（近义词）；swimwear（泳装总称）dragonfly/ˈdræɡənflaɪ/n.蜻蜓课文例句Bystudyingdragonfliesinflight,peoplehaverealisedtherearebetterwaysofflying.dragon（龙）+fly（飞/虫）→蜻蜓；仿生应用：蜻蜓飞行方式→小型无人机设计butterfly（蝴蝶）/firefly（萤火虫）/mayfly（蜉蝣）—含fly的昆虫词drone/drəʊn/n.无人驾驶飞机；雄蜂课文例句Wearecopyingdragonflieswithourdesignsforsmalldrones.一词多义：①无人机②雄蜂（beecolony）③单调嗡嗡声（v.droneon喋喋不休）dronedelivery（无人机快递）/militarydrone（军用无人机）/dronefootage（无人机拍摄画面）spider/ˈspaɪdə/n.蜘蛛课文例句Spidersilkismuchstrongerthanthesameweightofsteel—couldbeusedinbullet-proofclothing.spidersilk（蜘蛛丝）—仿生学应用：潜在防弹材料spiderweb（蜘蛛网）/spiderplant（吊兰）/spideryadj.细长的；spider-man（蜘蛛侠）physician/fɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n/★重点词n.医生（内科医生）课文例句Hewasknownasthebestphysicianofhistime,andwasanexpertinacupuncture.医学职业词辨析physician内科医生；医生（正式/书面）familyphysician（家庭医生）surgeon/ˈsɜːdʒ(ə)n/外科医生heart/brainsurgeon（心脏/脑外科医生）doctor医生（最通用）seeadoctor/gotothedoctorGP全科医生generalpractitioner（英式）registerwithaGPsuperficially/ˌsuːpəˈfɪʃ(ə)li/adv.表面（上）地；肤浅地课文例句Superficially,thesetwomenwerepolaropposites.词族：superficialadj.表面的；肤浅的|superficialityn.近义：apparently/onthesurface/atfirstglance反义：deeply/fundamentally/profoundlybow/baʊ/v.鞠躬；低头顺从课文例句hewouldnot'bowlikeaservantinreturnforfivedouofgrain'（TaoYuanming）⚠同形异音词：bow/baʊ/v.鞠躬|bow/bəʊ/n.弓（箭）；蝴蝶结bowdownto（向……低头）/takeabow（谢幕行礼）/bowout（退出/辞职）rural/ˈrʊərəl/adj.农村的，乡村的课文例句Taospent22yearsuntilhisdeath,workingthelandinapoor,ruralarea.近义：rustic/countryside（adj.）反义：urban（城市的）/metropolitanruralarea（农村地区）/rurallife（乡村生活）/ruraleconomy（农村经济）/ruralexodus（城镇化）decent/ˈdiːs(ə)nt/adj.可接受的；相当好的；体面的课文例句Hehadadecentqualityoflife,buthewantedtoliveinasimplerway.一词多义：①fairlygood（相当好）②morallyacceptable（体面的）adecentsalary（不错的薪水）/decentbehaviour（体面行为）/decentmeal（像样的一餐）cottage/ˈkɒtɪdʒ/n.乡村小屋课文例句helivedinacottageintheforestontheedgeofWaldenPondcottagecheese（松软干酪）/cottageindustry（家庭手工业）比house更小更乡村；thatchedcottage（茅草屋）/holidaycottage（度假小屋）deliberately/dɪˈlɪb(ə)rɪtli/★重点词adv.①故意地②不慌不忙地，从容地课文例句IwenttothewoodsbecauseIwishedtolivedeliberately,tofrontonlytheessentialfactsoflife.(Thoreau)两个含义义①故意地（=intentionally/onpurpose）Shedeliberatelyavoidedeyecontact.高考常考义义②从容地；不慌不忙地（=carefullyandunhurriedly）Thoreauchosetolivedeliberately.课文义词族：deliberateadj.故意的；从容的|deliberationn.慎重考虑🎯deliberately=intentionally（故意）—近义选词常考；课文中义②（从容地），注意语境！withdraw/wɪðˈdrɔː/★重点词v.退出；撤退；撤回；取款课文例句Bothmenwerehappytowithdrawfromcontemporarylife,seekingaharmoniousrelationshipwithnature.⚠不规则动词！withdraw—withdrew—withdrawn（两种变形均需掌握）四个常见含义义①退出/撤出withdrawfromcontemporarylife/withdrawfromacompetition义②撤退（军事）troopswerewithdrawnfromtheregion义③取款withdrawmoney/cashfromthebank义④撤回（声明）withdrawastatement/withdrawanoffer词族：withdrawaln.退出；取款|withdrawnadj.孤僻的；内向的domestic/dəˈmestɪk/adj.驯养的；家养的；国内的；家庭的课文例句Tao'sanimalsaredomesticones,suchaschickensanddogs.一词多义：①domesticanimals（家养动物）②domesticpolicy（国内政策）③domesticviolence（家庭暴力）domesticflight（国内航班）/domesticaffairs（内政）/domesticchores（家务活）depressive/dɪˈpresɪv/adj.抑郁的课文例句Thecalmandpeacefullifehewroteaboutisincontrasttoandcriticalofthedepressivecourtlife.词族：depressv.使沮丧→depressedadj.沮丧的（人感到）→depressingadj.令人沮丧的（事物）→depressionn.抑郁症注意：depressed（人）vsdepressing（事）—-ed/-ing形容词辨析是高频考点！reluctant/rɪˈlʌktənt/★重点词adj.不情愿的；勉强的课文例句Thesmokeabovereluctanttodepart.（炊烟好似恋恋不舍，迟迟不肯散去）核心结构：bereluctanttodosth.（不愿意做某事）Hewasreluctanttoleavehishometown.他不愿离开故乡。Shegaveareluctantsmile.她勉强地笑了笑。areluctantadmissionofguilt不情愿地认罪近义：unwilling/hesitant|反义：willing/eager/keen/readytodo副词：reluctantly|名词：reluctance🎯bereluctanttodo=beunwillingtodo—近义选词常考；reluctantlyadv.完形中高频depart/dɪˈpɑːt/v.离开课文例句Thesmokeabovereluctanttodepart.（陶渊明诗中拟人化的炊烟）词族：departuren.出发；离开|departfrom从……离开；偏离近义：leave（最通用）/setoff/setout反义：arrive/return/comebacklane/leɪn/n.（乡间的）小路；车道；泳道课文例句Adogisbarkingsomewheredownthelane.（陶渊明诗中乡间意象）多义：①countrylane（乡间小路）②车道（fast/slowlane）③泳道（swimminglane）memorylane（回忆往事，固定短语）/lifeinthefastlane（快节奏生活）atop/əˈtɒp/prep.在……顶上课文例句Andchickenssitatopthemulberrytree.（陶渊明诗）较正式、文学化；口语通常用ontopof；诗歌/文学写作中的优雅用词atopahill（在山顶）/perchedatop（栖息于顶端）—描写自然场景的文学用词mulberry/ˈmʌlb(ə)ri/n.桑葚；桑树课文例句Andchickenssitatopthemulberrytree.（陶渊明诗中农村意象）mulberrytree（桑树）/mulberryleaf（桑叶）/mulberrysilk（桑蚕丝）蚕（silkworm）以桑叶为食→桑树是中国传统农耕文化的重要意象；mulberryfruit可食用purity/ˈpjʊərɪti/★重点词n.纯洁；洁净课文例句Thoreau'sdescriptionsofnatureemphasisedthebeautyandpurityofthewildareasaroundhim.词族adj.pure纯的；洁净的；纯粹的purewater/purelove/puregoldn.purity纯洁；洁净purityofnature/moralpurityv.purify净化；使纯净purifywater/purifytheairadv.purely纯粹地；完全地purelyforpleasure/purelybyaccidentn.purification净化；提纯waterpurificationsystem🎯purely=entirely（完全地）常考近义；purechance（纯属偶然）/puregold（纯金）常考搭配resign/rɪˈzaɪn/★重点词v.①辞职②甘心接受；顺从课文例句resignyourselftotheinfluencesofeachseason.(Thoreau)⚠resignFROM（辞职）≠resignTO/oneselfTO（甘心接受）—介词不同，意思完全相反！两个用法resignfrom+职位辞职；辞去resignfromthecompany/resignfromherpostasCEOresignoneselfto+名词甘心接受；听天由命（课文义）resignyourselftothesituation/resignoneselftofate词族：resignationn.辞职；听天由命|resignedadj.听天由命的botanical/bəˈtænɪk(ə)l/adj.植物（学）的课文例句Letthembeyouronlydiet,drinkandbotanicalmedicines.(Thoreau)词族：botanyn.植物学|botanistn.植物学家|botanicalgarden（植物园）最常见搭配botanicalresearch（植物学研究）/botanicalillustration（植物学插图）reject/rɪˈdʒekt/★重点词v./n.拒绝接受；次品课文例句Ittakesconsiderablecouragetorejecttheeasyandfamiliarandinsteadtrytoliveclosertonature.四近义词辨析reject拒绝（某物/想法）接名词rejectanoffer/rejecttheidearefuse拒绝（做某事）接todorefusetogo/refuseaninvitationdecline婉拒（较礼貌正式）接todo/名词declineaninvitationpolitelyturndown拒绝（口语化）接名词turndownthejobofferease/iːz/n./v.舒适，悠闲；缓解课文例句theirideasaboutlivingsimplyandbeingateasewithnatureatease（自在）/illatease（不自在）/withease（轻松地）/putsb.atease（让某人放松）动词：easethepain/tension（缓解疼痛/紧张）/easeinto（逐渐适应）；dis-ease=disease（疾病）ateasewith★重点词短语对……感到自在；不拘束，放松课文例句theirideasaboutlivingsimplyandbeingateasew