中考英语二轮语法专项复习课件名词课件

名词知识点可数名词及其单、复数1.可数名词的分类类别定义例子个体名词表示个别人或事物的词football足球cat猫banana香蕉doctor医生集体名词表示若干个体组成的集合体的词class班级family家人police警方team团队2.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化构成方法例子一般情况下，在词尾加－sbook→books,map→maps,pen→pens,ruler→rulers,plant→plants,student→students,bird→birds,road→roads多数以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词，加－esbox→boxes,bus→buses,watch→watches，dish→dishes以f或fe结尾的名词，把f或fe变为v，再加－esleaf→leaves,wife→wives,knife→knives构成方法例子以y结尾的名词以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的名词，把y变为i，再加－esbaby→babies,country→countries以“元音字母＋y”结尾的名词，直接加－smonkey→monkeys,boy→boys以o结尾的名词无生命的加－s，有生命的加－estomato→tomatoes,potato→potatoes,photo→photos,radio→radios,piano→pianos3.可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化构成方法例子变a为e型man→men,woman→women,Englishman→Englishmen,Frenchwoman→Frenchwomen变oo为ee型foot→feet,tooth→teeth,goose→geese在词尾加－renchild→children单、复数形式相同的名词sheep→sheep,deer→deer,Chinese→Chinese,Japanese→Japanese【速记口诀】单数变复数，规则要记住，一般加－s，特殊有几处：s结尾，es不离后；末尾字母o，大多加－s；两人(negro,hero)有两菜(tomato,potato)，es不离口；词尾f、fe，－s前有v和e；没有规则词，必须单独记。4．可数名词的量的表达注：对可数名词的数量进行提问时，用howmany。5．其他情况情况例子有些名词常以复数形式出现glasses,shorts,trousers,clothes有些名词形式上是复数，意义上是单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数maths,news一些集体名词形式上是单数，意义上是复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数people,police,staff(职员)情况例子集体名词表示整体/集合体，视作单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数；表示该群体的个体成员，视作复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数

Thefamilyisnotlarge.(指家庭整体)

Thefamilyareallmusiclovers.(指家庭中的成员)有些复数形式的名词表示特别的意义manners(礼仪),times(时代)情况例子由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数时一般只将最后一个名词变为复数someboyplayers,twobusdrivers如果是man或woman与其所限定的名词，前后两个名词同时变为复数mendrivers，womendoctors1.(2025成都改编)Becauseofthearchaeological(考古的)effortsoverrecentyears,alotof____________havebeenmadeinthestudyofChina'shistory.2.(2024雅安改编)YuanLongpingisoneofournational______.Weadmirehimverymuch.3.(2024眉山改编)Tom!Pleasebrushyour_____twiceaday!achievementsheroesteeth4.(2024宜宾改编)Tonycanseethingsmoreclearlynowwiththispairof_______.5.(2024广安改编)Thegreen______starttoturngold,thenbrowninautumn.6.These_____arefedwellbytheoldman.Allofthemlookfat.glassesleavessheep知识点不可数名词1.不可数名词的分类类别定义例子物质名词表示无法分成个体的物质或材料的词water水meat肉milk牛奶wood木材抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词sadness伤心beauty美丽knowledge知识information信息2.常见的不可数名词3．既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词某些名词表示物质或抽象概念时是不可数的，而在表示个体概念时是可数的，如下表所示。名词可数不可数名词可数不可数chicken小鸡鸡肉room房间空间glass玻璃杯玻璃time次/倍数时间orange橘子橙汁wood树林木头，木材paper报纸；文件纸work作品工作exercise练习；习题锻炼light电灯光线fish鱼的种类/条数鱼肉experience经历经验注：fish作鱼的种类讲时，是可数名词，复数为fishes；作鱼肉讲时，是不可数名词；作鱼的条数讲时，单复数同形，均为fish。4.不可数名词的量的表达不可数名词需要计量时，通常用”冠词/数词＋计量名词＋of＋不可数名词”结构来表示，其中计量名词的单复数形式随其前面的冠词/数词而变。如：aglassofwater一杯水；threecupsofcoffee三杯咖啡；fourpiecesofadvice四条建议。常见的量词短语有：aboxof一盒……；abottleof一瓶……；acupof一杯……；apieceof一片/张/块……。※拓展

用法常见限定词只能修饰不可数名词的限定词alittle,little,much，abitof，alargeamountof，agood/greatdealof既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的限定词alotof，lotsof，plentyof，some/any，all，enough，most7.(2025达州)Asstudents,weshouldn'tdependtoomuchonAItofinishourh________.8.(2025乐山改编)PeopleinChengdulikechattinganddrinkingcupsofgreen___(tea)inthepark.omeworktea(

)9.—Whatwouldyouliketobuy？—____.A.Chicken,vegetableandtwokilosofriceB.Chicken,vegetablesandtwokilosofriceC.Chickens,vegetableandtwokiloofriceD.Chicken,vegetablesandtwokiloofriceB知识点专有名词定义例子表示具体的人名、地名、机构名、国名、星期、月份、节日或某一事物所特有的名称，其首字母须大写Linda琳达Africa非洲Monday星期一Teachers'Day教师节10.(2025广安改编)NationalDayfallsinO______inourcountry.11.(2025德阳)—Youlookbusy.—Yes,it'sM_____today.Abusydayforeveryone.ctoberonday知识点名词所有格's所有格构成单数名词，词尾加-'s(以s结尾的也可只加-')theboy'sbook;Dickens'snovels/Dickens'novels复数名词，以s结尾的后加-'，不以s结尾的后加-'sstudents'readingroom;children'stoys复合名词，在最后一个词的词尾加-'sthewomanteacher'sson's所有格用法表示人、动物等有生命的名词的所有格myfather'sshoes;thefish'stail表示几个人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加-'sLucyandLily'sroom表示每个人各自拥有，在每个名词后加-'sLucy'sandLily'srooms's所有格用法表示时间、距离、重量、国家、城镇等无生命的名词的所有格threedays'holiday;tenmiles'journey；apound'sweight;China'sindustry表示商铺、某人的家、诊所、餐馆等的名词所有格，其后的名词可以省略atmygrandpa's(home);atthedoctor's(office)of所有格表示无生命的名词的所有格amapoftheworld;thewindowoftheroom双重所有格of＋'s所有格afriendofmymother's;apictureofLily'sof＋名词性物主代词twoclassmatesofmine12.(2025宿迁改编)In___________(yesterday)mathslesson,ourgroupworkedouttheproblemafteradiscussion.(

)13.(2025达州)—WholeftanotebookintheEnglishclub?—It'snot____.Maybeit's____.A.me;Jack's B.mine;Jack's C.mine;Jackyesterday'sB(

)14.—Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?—It'sabout____frommyhometoschool.A.15minuteswalk B.15minute'swalk C.15minutes'walkC知识点名词辨析1．语境辨析这类考题要求考生运用自己的知识积累和生活经验，根据上下文语境，推测出考题要表达的意思，从而得出正确答案。2．近义词辨析对于含义相近的名词，主要从语义或语法角度区分其不同之处。(

)15.

(2025徐州)Therearemany____intheworld.Farmersgrowcrops.Pilotsflyplanes.Doctorstakecareofsickpeople.A.sports B.jobs C.hobbies D.festivals(

)16.(2025连云港)TheuseofChina'sfirsthome-builtoceandrilling(钻探)shipshowsabig______forwardinChina'sdeepseaexploring.A.hole B.flag C.bridge D.stepBD(

)17.—Didyouhearanystrange____justnow?—No,Iwasenjoyingthebeautiful____ofmyfavouritesinger.A.sound;noise

B.noise;voice

C.voice;sound D.noise;soundB※拓展：名词填空基础过关一、单词填空1.

(2025德阳)Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,r_____usingAIaregettingmoreattention.2.(2025眉山)Ifyouhaveanyt_____

withyourstudyatschool,youcouldaskteachersandclassmatesforhelp.3.(2025成都)Bornintoafamilyofdoctors,LiuJiakunwasn'tinterestedinm_______,andchosewritingandpaintinginstead.obotsroubleedicine4.(2025宿迁)MountHuangshanisalwaysfullofv_____

thewholeyear.5.

(2025淮安改编)Manyt____areplantedeveryyeartomakeourcitybeautiful.6.(2024内江)Look!Thereisap____eatingbamboointhezoo.ThelovelyanimalisasymbolofSichuan.7.

(2024凉山州改编)It'sonlyfivem______

walkfromhere,soyouneedn'ttakeabus.8.J___comesafterJuneandit'soneofthehottestmonthsinYibin.isitorsreesandainutes'uly二、小语篇特训(一)(2025成都改编)Livinginanewcountryisnoteasy,butnotforme.My1inChinaarenotonlyaboutlearningbutalsoaboutkindness.ImovedfromtheUKtoChinaandbegantoteachinauniversity.Many2,likevisitstomuseumsandfoodfestivals,wereorganisedforinternationalstudentsandteacherstogetusedtothenew3.Throughthem,ImademanynewChinesefriendsandlearnedmoreabouttheirlanguageand4.Gradually,IfittedintotheuniversityandthecityIworkin.Everyonearoundmeiswarm.Theyshowedmehowtouseanewapp,tooktimetogotothebankwithmeandhelpedmeentertheschoolwithQRcode.The5Ihavereceivedmakesmefeelathome.Andmylifeinanewenvironmentislesshard.(

)1.A.lessons B.books C.experiences(

)2.A.parties B.events C.clubs(

)3.A.environment B.work C.requirements(

)4.A.transport B.culture C.business(

)5.A.challenge B.praise C.careCBABC(二)(2025广西改编)Manypeoplepostthingsonline.Onlinesharingisa1.____ofourdailylifenow.Differentkindsofappsand2.________

makecommunicationeasierthanbefore.Wecansharewhathashappenedrecentlywithothers.Wecanalsogivepersonalopinionsonwhatwesee.partwebsitesTheInternetconnectsuswithfriends,family,andevenpeopleinother3._________.Sometimes,whenwewinaprizeinasingingcompetitionordowellina4.____,wemaysharethehappynews.Attimes,whenwetake5.______ofbeautifulviews,wemightalsopostthemtoshare.However,noteverythingsharedonlineiskind.Somecanbeunfriendly.Thoseunkindwordsmayhaveunpleasantinfluences.Maybepeoplepostthingswithoutthinking.Theyjustwanttoplaya6.____andmakeotherslaugh.Butthesearenotgoodreasons.countriestestphotosjoke能力提升三、完形填空(2025苏州改编)LightraincontinuedtofallasIarrivedatthemountainvillage.Withaheavybagonmyback,Iwasexcitedtoteachatasmallschoolhere,butalittle1.”Whatwouldthesestudentsbelike？”Theschoolhadonly18students.Mostwerequiet,2theyranandlaughedatbreak.Onegirl,Wen,alwayssataloneinthecorner,seldomsayinganything.Onmyfirstdayintheclassroom,Isharedwiththema3withthewords”Youareseen”onitandputituponthewall.Somesmiledshylyandsomespokequietly.”That'swhyI'mhere，”Isaid.However,Wendidn't4.Shewasjustdrawingcirclesonthedeskwithherfinger.Dayspassed5.Onenight,aheavystormcausedapowercut,leavingtheclassroomindarkness.Aseveryonewasfrozen,asoftlightappeared.ItwasWenwhowasholdinga6inherhand.”Wecanstillread，”shewhispered.ThatwasthefirsttimeIheardhervoice.Thenextday,shesat7.Inthefollowingdays,shebeganto8more.Inmylastclass,shecameupandgavemethelantern.”Soyouwillalwayshavesome9，”shesmiledgently.Icametogivelight,butfounditwasquietly10.Volunteeringisn'talwaysloudorbig.Sometimes,it'saquietlantern—sharedbetweenthetwo,andshininginbothdirections.(

)1.A.bored B.relaxed C.nervous D.surprised(

)2.A.though B.so C.since D.when(

)3.A.dictionary B.poster C.cake D.cup(

)4.A.standup B.giveup C.wakeup D.lookup【解析】考查动词短语辨析。根据语境及下文“Shewasjustdrawingcirclesonthedeskwithherfinger.”可知，她只是用手指在书桌上画着圆圈，并没有抬起头来看。故选D。CABD(

)5.A.slowly B.quickly C.directly D.finally(

)6.A.book B.lantern C.candle D.lamp(

)7.A.farther B.lower C.closer D.longer(

)8.A.talk B.write C.laugh D.learn(

)9.A.fun B.time C.light D.hope(

)10.A.returned B.collected C.connected D.accepted【解析】考查动词辨析。根据语境及上文“Inmylastclass,shecameupandgavemethelantern.‘Soyouwillalwayshavesome...，'shesmiledgently.”可知，此处指“我”是来给予光芒的，却发现光芒被悄然回赠。故选A。BBCACA四、短文填空(一)(中华优秀传统文化)DoyouknowaboutChinesepainting?Itisa(n)1._________partoftraditionalChineseculture.Ithasalong2.______

andfinetraditionsinthefieldofartintheworld.importanthistory3._______aChinesepainting,youneedawritingbrush,ink(墨),ricepaper,andinkstone.Especially,ricepaper(xuanpaper)isthebesttoolforChinesepainting4._______itallowsthewritingbrushtomovefreelyonit.ThreemainsubjectsofChinesepaintingarehumanfigures(人物),landscapes,andbirdsand5.______,suchasthepaintingofladies,thepaintingofmountains,andthepaintingofinsectsandfish.Figurepaintingbecame6.______developedduringtheTangDynasty.Andlandscapepaintingreached7.___heightduringtheSongDynasty.TodrawbecauseflowershighlyitsTwomaintechniques(技巧)canbe8._____inChinesepainting.Oneisgongbi,oftenreferredtoas”fine-line”painting.Thisstyleofpaintingpaysclose9._________todetail.The【解析】根据语境可知，此处指这种风格的绘画非常注重细节。payattentionto“关注；注重”，是固定搭配。故填attention。otherisfreehandstyle,referredtoas”x