高中英语二轮复习阅读理解课件宏观层面厚植素养

高中英语

二轮复习阅读理解——宏观层面厚植素养

一、树立4种意识，提升解题思维解题意识1扣主旨大意阅读总原则：紧扣主旨，主旨，主旨！不管什么题型，与全文主旨和段落主旨(前者更重要)相关的选项肯定对。如文章中的举例或引用，不是考例子/引用本身(如2025全国一卷第31题；2025全国二卷第31题、34题；2024新课标Ⅰ卷第26题；2023新课标Ⅱ卷第34题；2024浙江1月卷第31题)，而是为了说明主旨。找出该主旨是答题关键。[典题呈现](2024·全国甲卷阅读D节选)That'swhythisissue(期)ofWriter'sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingforwhateverkindofwritingyou'redoing．Ifit'sshortstories,PeterMountfordbreaksdownsixtechniquesyoucantrytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding．

ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegreatnovelstoseewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork．35．WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?A．Togiveexamplesofgreatnovelists．B．Tostressthethemeofthisissue．C．Toencouragewritingforthemagazine．D．Torecommendtheirnewbooks．[自主解答]第1句是主旨句：本期《作家文摘》的宗旨——指导读者如何写出最佳结局→第二、第三句为拓展句，作者分别以PeterMountford和ElizabethSims为例，说明本期具体会介绍哪些技巧→例证是为了强调本期杂志的主题——如何写出最佳结局(与主旨一致)。故

____项符合题意。在做完形填空和读后续写题时也应具备主旨意识，

解答完形填空时要善于利用主旨信息(常隐含在首段中或尾段的议论中)判断正确选项；

续写部分的主旨升华要与原文主旨协同一致。B解题意识2找逻辑关系(1)转折关系词阅读总原则：

转折词后的内容是答题线索或主旨句，题目的设置往往与这些词、句相关。①A句＋强转折词＋B句，强转折词如but、however、yet、nevertheless、whereas、unfortunately、actually、infact、onthecontrary、ontheotherhand、evenso等，B句内容含答题关键；②while/though/although引导的让步状语从句中，

主句内容是答题关键或主旨句。[自主解答]强转折词however后引入问题：大部分商店的农产品要经过几周的运输并跨越很长的距离才能到达餐桌；

while引导让步状语从句，

主句才是答题关键：BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore(BMF缩短从农场到餐桌的距离)。cutsthefarm-to-tabledistance是原文shortensit的同义转述，其中的it指代thejourney。故

____项符合题意。(2)因果关系词阅读总原则：

在作者进行分析或者得出结论的地方往往存在因果关系。命题者为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力，经常会将因果颠倒，考生需要注意辨别实际的因果关系。常见的引出原因的词汇有because，as，for，since，becauseof，dueto，asaresultof，resultfrom，thanksto等。常见的引出结果的词汇有so，thus，therefore，consequently，hence，inconsequence，asaresult，resultin，leadto，contributeto等。C[自主解答]so表示上下文的因果关系；上文表示结果：savesherfromlosinganydepositwhenatenancy(租期)comestoanend，即避免被扣除租房的押金；下文表示原因：coverupholesandrepaintaroom，即退租前会把墙上的洞覆盖，并重新粉刷房间。故____项符合题意。A解题意识3查举例说明阅读总原则：

为了使观点更有说服力、更加明确，作者通常会通过举例来进行论证。常见的引出例子的词汇有as，like，suchas，forexample，forinstance，take...asanexample等。一般来说，文章举例处的前后句就是与该例子相关的作者的观点。[典题呈现](2023·全国甲卷阅读C节选)Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosopher'sworkinthecontext(背景)ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter．TheendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche．This,morethanabookaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isabookaboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife．29．Whydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinparagraph4?A．TocompareWeinerwiththem．B．Togiveexamplesofgreatworks．C．Topraisetheirwritingskills．D．TohelpreadersunderstandWeiner'sbook．[自主解答]作者在本段开头描写了Weiner书中的内容，接着作者通过列举几位伟大的哲学家来描述读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西：像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样观察，像叔本华一样倾听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。由此可推知，作者列举几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiner的书。故____项符合题意。D解题意识4看观点态度阅读总原则：文章中作者对某人或某事的观点或态度，以及对其他人或组织机构的观点或态度也是常考点。所以考生在答题时要留意文章中出现的doubt，appreciate，hate，against，ontheotherhand等表达观点态度的词汇，以及一些带有感情色彩的特殊句式(祈使句、感叹句、反问句等)。[典题呈现](2023·浙江1月卷阅读B节选)Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback．IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhow

sillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere．Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging．25．Whatwastheattitudeoftheauthor'sfathertowardbuyinggrocerieswithjars?A．Hedisapprovedofit．B．Hewassympathetictoit．C．Hewastolerantofit．

D．Hedidn'tcareaboutit．[自主解答]文章首先提出“零浪费”；接着，亲身实践；然后，列举父亲的观点：silly；由此可推知，作者的父亲不赞成带着罐子去买杂货。故____项符合题意。A二、精用“同义替换”，快攻正确选项高考阅读理解的正确选项其实就是用英语解释英语，也就是说，正确选项都是原文中的信息点(有时是某个关键词或某几个关键词)的同义替换。这种原文、题干和选项之间的同义转述有：同义词、近义词、反义词和同源词的转述等。快攻1同义替换的命题方式(1)同义、近义转述[典题呈现1](2025·全国一卷阅读C节选)Lifeoncitystreetsstartedtochangedecadesago．Wholeneighbourhoodsweredestroyedtomakewayfornewroadnetworksandkidshadtoplayelsewhere．Somecommunitiesfoughtback．Mostfamously,aCanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestructionofherlocalpark,WashingtonSquare．Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor(市长)tochampion“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough．”SimilarcampaignsoccurredinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970saswell．

29．WhatweretheCanadianjournalistandothercampaignerstryingtodo?A．Keeptheircitieslivable．B．Promoteculturaldiversity．C．Helptheneedyfamilies．

D．Makeexpresswaysaccessible．[同义替换]选项中词汇：livable替换原文中词汇：adecentplacetolive[自主解答]A——

livableadecentplacetoliveA(2)反义转述[典题呈现2](2023·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C节选)Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated．Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader．31．Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader?A．Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate．B．Technologyhaschangedthewayweread．C．Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked．D．Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread．转折词but后的比较：印刷书籍和电子阅读器一样具有互动性→强调与之前看法“印刷书籍很古老”相反→纸质书不完全过时。[同义替换]选项中词汇：nottotallyoutofdate反义转述原文中词汇：outdated/ancient[自主解答]A——

nottotallyoutofdateoutdated/ancientA(3)同源词转述[典题呈现3](2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读B节选)Trostthinksso．“Attheendofthedayalltransitagenciesrightnowaredoingeverythingtheycantoimprovetheriderexperience．SoIabsolutelythinkwewillgetmoreridersjustbecauseofshortstories，”shesays．27．WhatisTrost'sopinionaboutBART'sfuture?A．Itwillclosedown．B．Itsprofitswilldecline．C．Itwillexpandnationwide．D．Itsridershipwillincrease．Trost认为BART的乘客数量将会增加。[同义替换]选项中词汇：ridership是原文中rider的同源词。[自主解答]D——

ridershipriderD快攻2近三年高考出现的“同义替换”序号卷别同义替换内容12025年全国一卷Puttingmoreeffortintorenewables替换speedupthedevelopmentofgreenenergy22025年全国一卷livable替换adecentplacetolive32025年全国二卷Assigningnoschoolwork替换don'tgivethekidsanyassignments42024年新课标Ⅰ卷holdstudents'attention替换engaging52024年新课标Ⅱ卷properclothes替换suitableclothing62024年新课标Ⅱ卷cuts...distance替换shortens72024年新课标Ⅱ卷Currentconditionoftheplants替换growingdatainrealtime序号卷别同义替换内容82023年新课标Ⅰ卷manytypesofbikes替换bicyclesinawidevariety92023年新课标Ⅰ卷repairitself替换self-repair102023年新课标Ⅰ卷asimpledigitallifestyle替换digitalminimalism112023年新课标Ⅱ卷aninitiatorofUrbanSprouts替换startedUrbanSprouts快攻3“同义替换”预测80例序号词义同义替换序号词义同义替换1控告accusesb．of，chargesb．with2支持；赞成support，infavo(u)rof，favo(u)r，subscribeto，insupportof3提前inadvance，beforehand，aheadoftime/schedule4追溯到datebackto，datefrom，betraced(back)to5重要matter，count，beimportant/significant/critical/vital/essential，beofimportance/significance6由……组成consistof，bemadeupof，becomposedof7随机atrandom，randomly8提出putforward，comeupwith，raise序号词义同义替换序号词义同义替换9成功；设法做成succeedin，besuccessfulin，managetodo10未意识到；忽略beunaware/unconsciousof，failtonotice，overlook，neglect，ignore11一……就assoonas，immediately，instantly，directly，hardly...when...，nosooner...than...，upon/ondoing12方法；方式；手段approach，way，method，means,manner13深信holdthestrongbeliefthat，begreatlyconvincedthat，stronglybelievethat14反对oppose，beopposedto，objectto，raiseanobjectionto序号词义同义替换序号词义同义替换15尤其；特别especially，inparticular，particularly16以……为骄傲beproudof，takepridein17取笑；嘲笑laughat，tease，makefunof，playtricks/jokeson18穿dressup，get/bedressedin，wear，puton19厌烦；厌倦betired/sickof，beboredwith，befedupwith20强调stress，underline，emphasize，place/putgreatemphasison，attachgreatimportance/valueto21容忍bear，putupwith，tolerate，stand22照顾attendto，takecareof，lookafter序号词义同义替换序号词义同义替换23流行；受欢迎catchon，bepopularwith，befashionable，infashion，instyle，bewellreceived，gainpopularity24负责beresponsiblefor，take/bear/shoulderresponsibilityfor，answerfor，takechargeof25不流行；不受欢迎beunfashionable，outoffashion，outofstyle26确保makesure/certain，ensure，guarantee27有时；偶尔nowandthen，sometimes，occasionally，fromtimetotime28寻找lookfor，searchfor，seek，beinsearchof序号词义同义替换序号词义同义替换29实现梦想realize/fulfil/achieve/accomplishone'sdream，makeone'sdreamcometrue30渴望beeager/thirsty/hungry/desperatefor/todo，haveastrongurge/desiretodo，desiretodo31能够；有能力做某事beabletodo，becapableofdoing，havetheability/capacitytodo32对……有益begoodfor，benefit，bebeneficial/ofbenefitto序号词义同义替换序号词义同义替换33老年人oldpeople，theold，seniorcitizens，theaged，theelderly34故意/偶然onpurpose，deliberately，bydesign，purposely，byaccident，bychance，accidentally35弥补makeupfor，compensatefor36澄清clarify，makesth．clear37逃脱flee，escapefrom,getawayfrom38雇用employ，takeon，hire39疲惫betiredout，bewornout，beexhausted，beburntout40吸引attract，beattractedto，appealto，catchone'seye/attention序号词义同义替换序号词义同义替换41独自byoneself，onone'sown，independently，alone42有机会做havethechance/opportunityofdoing/todo，have/gainaccessto43代替taketheplaceof，takeone'splace，replaceBwithA，substituteAforB，use...asanalternativeto44下降；减少decline，come/godown，drop，fall，decrease，reduce45认为；持有……观点think，believe，holdtheview/idea/opinionthat，argue/claimthat46提及；提到referto，mention，talkof，whenitcomesto序号词义同义替换序号词义同义替换47方便的athand，handy，convenient48展览onexhibition/show/display49意识到realize，recognize，sense，beaware/consciousof50对……有害beharmfulto，bebadfor51像；与……相似belike，resemble，looklike，beararesemblanceto，beidenticalto，besimilarto52除了apartfrom，asidefrom，besides，inadditionto，aswellas，moreover，furthermore，except，exceptfor序号词义同义替换序号词义同义替换53同时atthesametime，meanwhile，inthemeanwhile54影响affect，influence，haveaneffect/impact/influenceon55承诺promisetodo，makeapromisetodo，commitoneselfto56面对；面临face，befacedwith，confront，beconfrontedwith57占；组成accountfor，makeup，occupy，takeup58各种各样的various，avarietyof，varietiesof，diverse，allkinds/sortsof59为……所得到beaccessibleto，haveaccessto，beavailableto60虐待；不好好对待某人treatsb．badly，abusesb．，maltreatsb．序号词义同义替换序号词义同义替换61要了某人的命claimone'slife，costsb．thelife，killsb．62把……看作treat...as，consider...as，thinkof...as，lookon...as63推迟postpone，putoff，delay64出现showup，turnup，appear65与……不同；区分differfrom，bedifferentfrom，tellthedifferencebetween...and...，makeadistinctionbetween...and...，tell/distinguish...from...66参加；参与takepartin，attend，participatein，involvesb．insth．，beinvolvedin，beengagedin序号词义同义替换序号词义同义替换67与……一致beconsistentwith，beinlinewith，correspondwith，agreewith，consistwith68沉醉于；沉迷于；沉浸于beaddictedto，behookedon，belostin，beobsessedwith，bedrunkwith，beabsorbedin69代表represent，onbehalfof70难以置信unbelievable，beyondbelief,incredible71用光；耗尽useup，runoutof，giveout，runout72大多数；大部分most，themajorityof序号词义同义替换序号词义同义替换73充分利用makefulluseof，takeadvantageof，makethemost/bestof74处理；对付dealwith，dowith，handle，copewith，tackle，address75在网上ontheInternet，online76与……有关berelatedto，belinkedto，beassociatedwith，beconnectedwith，berelevantto77导致；造成bringabout，contributeto，cause，resultin，leadto，accountfor78优于；有优势，超过……bebetterthan，haveanedge/advantageover，besuperiorto序号词义同义替换序号词义同义替换79由……引起resultfrom，arisefrom80次于beworsethan，beinferiorto三、巧妙“化繁为简”，速拆长难句式2025年高考英语长难句结构复杂度与语法深度有所提升，例如全国一卷C篇317词，长难句多达10句，只有6句不是长难句！全国一卷D篇317词，长难句多达12句，只有3句是简单句！考生有必要通过系统的结构拆解训练来有效突破长难句瓶颈。第一招寻关联，辨逻辑一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。考生如果找准这些关联词，就能够弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系。弄清楚主句的意义和各从句的意义，长句就容易理解了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中常见的关联词熟记于心。典例分析(2025·全国一卷阅读C节选)Although

thesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar．

提主干本句主干为“主系表”结构：therealityisthat...。寻关联关联词although引导让步状语

从句；that引导表语

从句。句意尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是，大多数西方城市完全是围绕着汽车的需求进行了重新设计。让步状语表语第二招看搭配，防分隔有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成的，而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。考生若受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的本来面目，就会对句意的理解产生偏差。典例分析(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C节选)Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—t