人教版（2024）七年级下册英语 语法填空解题技巧

七年级英语语法填空解题技巧语法填空口诀动词形、名词数，代词格、级形副，分析句子结构路，习惯用法要记住，逻辑关系连词突，介词、冠词各占一空。中考英语语法填空，不论是单句填空还是短文填空，主要有两种形式的空：用所给词（v、n、pron、adj、adv)的正确形式填空；无提示词填空（prep、conj、art)。说白了，中考就考四道题：第一道题：动词变形题是指括号中给出了一个动词，需要对该动词进行形式变化才能符合句子要求的设题类型。此类设题主要有两个角度，其中的一个角度就是考查动词的自身变化【动词的谓语形式(时、语态变化)及非谓语形式(动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词】；另一个角度是考查动词与名词、形容词、副词的相互变化【构词法知识】；第二道题：名词或代词变形题名词变形题指的是对所给名词进行自身变化（名词的单数变复数、名词变成名词所有格）或者相互变化（名词变形容词、名词变动词、名词变副词）【构词法知识】；代词变形题主要考查代词的格（主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词和反身代词的相互变化。第三道题：形容词或副词变形题形容词或副词变形题主要考查它们的自身变化（级的变化：原级、比较级、最高级）或者相互变化（形容词变副词、形容词变成动词、形容词变成名词、副词变成形容词）【构词法知识】；第四道题：无提示词填空题无提示填空题是一种在不给提示词的前提下，要求根据句意、句法或句子间逻辑关系而填空的设题。这里要填的主要是介词、连词、冠词、代词it、关系代词/副词。由于不给提示词，实际上加大了解题的难度。解答此类题目（特别是要填的是连词）时，首先要从句意上去考虑，看看句意是否通顺连贯。然后从句子结构上去考虑，看看所填句子是简单句还是复合句，如果是复合句，就要考虑从句连接词的选择。最后从句子间的逻辑上考虑，选择适合句子间逻辑关系的词进行填充。比如因果关系要考虑so,because等；转折关系要考虑but,though;并列关系要考虑and。如果是缺关系代词/关系副词，则要根据定语从句的句子成分来定夺。而要填的是介词时，一定要关注空格前的动词是不是vi,是vi要考虑其搭配，更要考虑空格后的词/短语的含义，选择用合适的介词。冠词一般出现在名词或名词短语前，特别是单数可数名词前要考虑a/an。另外要注意习惯用法。中考语法填空题的解题步骤：若是短文语法填空，就读首段首句，预猜文章大意；（若猜不出文章大意，就快速浏览全文）；边读边认边填；（看要填的空有无提示词，有，是哪些词？用以上的方法去套用）重读以检查核对。动词形（谓语形式和非谓语形式)词形填空自身变化名词数（名词变复数和所有格）代词格（代词主格、宾格、形容词性语法主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词）级形副（形容词、副词的三级互变）填空相互变化（构词法知识，nv.adjadv.)无提示词填空(介词、连词、冠词、代词）下面我们以2021年浙江省杭州市英语中考试卷为例，讲解如何做题：阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Allaroundtheworld,familiescelebratespecialdaystogether.Traditionsforthesedays51__________(be)verydifferent.Someofthemmaysurpriseyou.Familiesinmostcountrieshaveaspecialdaytocelebratemothers.InSerbia,thisdayison52__________secondSundaybeforeChristmas.Onthatday,childrensneak（溜）intotheir53____________（mother）bedroomandtieherfeetwithribbon（丝带）sothatshecan'tgetoutofbed.Thentheyshout,"Mother'sDay,Mother'sDay!Whatwillyoupay54_______(get)away?"Thenthemothergives55________(they)smalltreatsandpresentsaspaymentsothatthekids"free"her.InChina,theysaythat56________(baby)areoneyearoldwhentheyareborn.Afterthat,allchildrencelebratetheirbirthdayonNewYear'sDaybecausethat'swhentheygrowayear57_______(old).Actualbirthdaysare58_________(usual)celebratedwithabigfamilymeal.Thetraditionisthatthe"birthdayboy"or"birthdaygirl"shouldfilltheirmouthwithasmanylongnoodles59_________theycanandtheneatthem.ThisisbecauseinChineseculture,longnoodlesareasymbol60____________longlife.解答分析：这篇短文语法填空题，首先读首段首句，预猜文章大意：我们读第一句就知道它是介绍“全世界的家庭怎么在一起庆祝特别的日子”的。然后边读边认边填。51空是个动词be,分析句子结构我们知道be在这个句子作谓语，而时间是thesedays,主语是复数名词traditions，所以填are;52空是无提示词，根据句意和结构，应该填个冠词the，因为空格后是个序数词second，表示特指;53空是个名词且在句中作定语，根据句意应填mother的所有格（mother’s);54空是动词，分析句子结构我们知道它作目的状语,所以用非谓语动词---不定式toget;55空是个代词，代词考查“格”，根据句子结构，空格处是个宾语，应填宾格them;56空是个名词,名词考查“数”，根据句子结构，空格处的名词作宾语从句的主语，根据后面的谓语are,这就考查了名词的复数，答案是babies;57空是形容词，形容词考查“级”，根据句意填比较级,故答案是older;58空也是形容词，这里没有“级”的意味，应该是相互变化（形容词变成副词），的确它在句中修饰动词celebrated作状语，故用副词usually;59空是无提示词，根据句型“asmanyas”意思是“尽量多的”。故填as;60.空还是无提示词，猜都要猜到是介词了，何况根据句型“asymbolofsth.”意思是“.......的象征”。句意：这是因为长面条是长寿的象征。故填of。强化训练：语法填空三、阅读下面短文，根据文章大意用所给单词的适当形式填空（未提供单词的，限填一词），使文章意思完整、正确。APlantsarevery1________（importance）.Thisis2________plantscanmakefoodfromair,waterandsunlight.Animalsandmancannotmakefoodfromair,waterandsunlight.Theycangettheirfoodby3.________（eat）plantsandanimals.Soanimalsandmanneedplantsinorder4.________（live）.Thisiswhytherearesomanyplants5.________us.There6.________（be）twokindsofplants:floweringplants（开花植物）andnon-floweringplants（不开花植物）.Almostallthetreesaroundusarefloweringplants.Wecanknowsometreesfromtheirflowers7.________fruits.Non-floweringplantsdonotgrowflowers.Wecannotseemanynon-floweringplantsaroundus.Ifwelook8.______（careful）attheplantsaroundus,we9.________（find）thattherearemanykindsofplants.Someplantsarelargeandsomearesmall.Mostof10._______（they）aregreen.BQiBaishiisaworld-famousartmasterinChina.Hewasbornin____11____poorfamilyfromXiangtan,Hunanprovince.Hewasatschoolforlessthanayearbecause____12___illnesses.Oneday,hefoundaChinesepaintingguidebook—JieziyuanHuapu.Thebookinspiredhisinterestsinpainting____13____(picture).Hedecided____14____(learn)byhimselfandlaterbecameamasterofartthroughhishardwork.In1902,he___15___(start)totravelaroundChina.Hevisitedfamousplaces,metmanypeopleandsawdifferentkindsofartpieces.Theseexperienceshelpedhimbecomeoneofthe____16____(good)artistsofalltime.___17____(He)paintingsaregenerallyaboutthesmallthingsoftheworld,suchasfish,shrimps(虾)andfrogs.“MouseandCatwithLamp”isoneofthem.Inthepicture,amouseisstandingonthetopofalongpole(杆子).Underthepoleisacat.Theyaresolivelythatitlooks18theywouldjumpoutofthepapertofight.AlltheworksarecreateedbyQiBaishiinafreshway,whichexpressedhislovefornatureandlife.Histalents19skillsamazedthewholeworldalot.Heis_____20______(real)amasterofartandtheprideofXiangtan.CItwasagooddayyesterday.Theweatherwas21sun）,soMaryandhermother22.（buy）lotsofdifferent23.（kind）ofthingsinthesupermarket.Marysawanicecake24.afloweronit,butit'stoosmall.She'dlikeabigone.Thenshe25.（find）ahamburgerwithbeefinit.Itwasbig,sosheaskedhermothertobuy26..Whenshemetsome27.（candy）,sheaskedhermothertobuysomeforher.Atlast,hermotherboughtalotofthingsfor28(she).Sheisveryhappy.Afterthat,hermother29.（take）hertobuysomethingforherpet,Jenny.Jennyisacutedog.Sheenjoys30.（play）withballssohermotherboughtheraball.DLookatthepicture.There31.（be）manypeopleintherestaurant.Somepeople32.（work）init.Millieiswashingthedishes33.themoment.The34.（manager）aretalkingaboutthephotos.Thephotosare35.theGreatWall.Adog36.（sleep）underthetable.Sheoften37.(play)withit.ThegirlintheyellowdressisRose.Sheis38.asmalltownnearLondon.She39.（sing）beautifully.Youcanalsofindsomecarsinit.Theblackoneismyuncle's.Hecan40.（drive）,butIcan't.EDearHanMei,Howareyou?I'mhappythatyoucandothethingsyoulikeathome.Ineverhavefun41.Ihavealotofrulesathomeandmyparentsareverystrict.Theywantmetobecomeabetterstudent.First,inthemorning,Ihavetogetupatsix.Ihavetomakemybed,lbrushmyteethandwashmyface.Ihavebreakfastquickly.Thenlgotoschoolonfoot.lttakesmefortyminutestogettomyschool.Myparentsthinkit'sagoodwaytoexercise.42.(two),afterschool,lcan'tplaysportswithmyfriends.IhavetodomyhomeworkwhenIgethome43.school.Third,afterdinner,Ican'twatchTV.Butmybrother44.(watch)TVfortwohours.Mysistercando45.(she)favoritethings.lthinkit'sunfair(不公平的).AndImusttakethedogforawalk.Ilikeit.Icanrelaxforawhile(一会儿).Fourth,on46.(weekend),I'mverybusy.OnSaturday,Ihavetocleanmyroomanddomyhomeworkanddothedishesfor47.hour.onlcan'tgotomy48.(friend)homestostudy.Ihavetolearn49.(play)thepianoatMr.Wang'shouse.I'mnot50.