常用介词用法讲解及习题全集

常用介词用法讲解及习题全集引言：介词的基石作用在语言的大厦中，介词扮演着不可或缺的“粘合剂”角色。它们虽然本身没有完整的词汇意义，却能精准地连接名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句，用以表示时间、地点、方向、方式、原因、对象、伴随、目的等多种复杂的逻辑关系。掌握介词的用法，是提升语言表达准确性和地道性的关键一步。很多时候，一个介词的误用，就可能导致语义模糊甚至完全偏离原意。因此，对于学习者而言，系统梳理并熟练运用常用介词，是语法学习中一项重要且具有实际意义的任务。本文旨在为大家清晰讲解英语中最常用介词的核心用法，并辅以针对性的练习，帮助大家夯实基础，灵活运用。第一部分：常用介词核心用法详解一、表示时间的介词(PrepositionsofTime)1.at*用法：用于表示具体的时刻、时间点，或某些固定搭配中。*例句：*Sheusuallygetsupatsixo'clockinthemorning.(具体时刻)*Themeetingwillstartatnoon.(正午，固定搭配)*I'mgoodatplayingthepiano.(固定搭配，begoodat)*Hearrivedatthebeginningofthemonth.(固定搭配，atthebeginningof)2.on*用法：用于表示具体的某一天、星期几，或某天的上午、下午、晚上（有修饰词时）。*例句：*WewillhaveapartyonChristmasDay.(具体某一天)*MybirthdayisonaMondaythisyear.(星期几)*HeleftonthemorningofJuly5th.(有修饰词的上午)*Theymetonacoldwinterevening.(有修饰词的晚上)3.in*用法：用于表示较长的时间范围，如年、月、季节、世纪，或泛指的上午、下午、晚上，以及一段时间之后。*例句：*Shewasbornin1990.(年)*Theflowersbloominspring.(季节)*Wehaveclassinthemorning.(泛指上午)4.for*用法：表示动作或状态持续的一段时间。*例句：*Ihavelivedhereforfiveyears.*TheystayedinParisforamonth.5.since*用法：表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在（常与完成时连用）。*例句：*Ihaveknownhersince2008.*Hehasbeenworkingheresincehegraduated.*Wehaven'tseeneachothersincelastweek.6.by*用法：表示“不迟于”、“在……之前”，或“到……时候为止”。*例句：*PleasefinishtheworkbyFriday.*Iwillhaveleftbythetimeyouarrive.二、表示地点与方位的介词(PrepositionsofPlaceandDirection)1.at*用法：表示在某一具体的地点、场所或较小的空间范围；也可表示在某个抽象的“点”。*例句：*Thebookisatthetopoftheshelf.(具体位置点)*Heworksatahospital.(工作单位，视为一个点)*Meetmeattheentrance.(入口处，一个点)2.on*用法：表示在某物的表面上，与表面接触；或表示在某条线（如街道）上。*例句：*Thecupisonthetable.(表面上)*Thereisapictureonthewall.(墙的表面)*Thenameiswrittenonthecover.3.in*用法：表示在某个空间范围之内，或在某个较大的区域（如国家、城市）里。*例句：*Thecatisinthebox.(空间内)*ShelivesinBeijing.(城市)*Therearemanybooksinthelibrary.(建筑物内)*HewasborninFrance.(国家)4.to*用法：表示动作的方向，意为“到……去”、“向……”。*例句：*Igotoschooleveryday.*Shepointedtothemaponthewall.*Theyaremovingtoanewhouse.*Hewalkedtothedoorandopenedit.5.from*用法：表示动作的起点，意为“从……来”、“自……”。*例句：*Sheboughtthisbookfromthatshop.*Heborrowedapenfromme.6.into*用法：表示动作进入某个空间内部，强调由外到内的过程。*例句：*Hewalkedintotheroom.*Shepouredthemilkintotheglass.*Thecatjumpedintothebox.*Theybrokeintothehouselastnight.(闯入)7.outof*用法：表示动作从某个空间内部出来，强调由内到外的过程。*例句：*Sheranoutofthebuilding.*Hetookabookoutofhisbag.*Thechildrenrushedoutoftheclassroomafterclass.*Weranoutoffuelontheway.(耗尽)8.between与among*between：表示在两者之间。*among：表示在三者或三者以上的人或事物之中。*例句：*ShesatbetweenTomandMary.*Thehouseishiddenamongthetrees.*Heispopularamonghisclassmates.三、表示方式、手段、工具的介词(PrepositionsofManner,Means,Instrument)1.by*用法：表示通过某种方式、手段、交通工具（不带冠词），或被某人。*例句：*Wegotoschoolbybus.(交通工具)*Heearnsalivingbywriting.(方式、手段)*ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.(被……)2.with*用法：表示使用具体的工具、手段，或伴随的情况。*例句：*Hewriteswithapen.(工具)*Cutthecakewithaknife.*Shecamewithhermother.(伴随)*Helookedatmewithasmile.(伴随的状态)3.in*用法：表示用某种语言、材料，或穿着某种颜色的衣服。*例句：*CanyouspeakinEnglish?(语言)*Writeyournameinink.(材料)*Thegirlinredismysister.(穿着)*Heexpressedhisideasinsimplewords.(方式，用……词语)四、其他常用介词1.for*用法：表示目的、对象、原因、交换等。*例句：*Iboughtagiftformymother.(对象)*Hestudieshardforagoodfuture.(目的)*Thankyouforyourhelp.(原因)2.of*用法：表示所属关系、部分与整体、描述性质等。*例句：*Thisisthebookofmine.(所属)*Acupoftea,please.(部分与整体)*Heisamanofcourage.(性质)*ThecityofBeijingisverybig.(同位关系)3.about*用法：表示关于某方面的内容、大约。*例句：*Theyaretalkingaboutthemovie.(关于)*Iknownothingabouthim.*Thereareabout30studentsintheclass.(大约)*Shewroteabookaboutherchildhood.4.with与without*with：伴随，具有。*without：没有，不带有。*例句：*Hewentoutwithanumbrella.*Thehousewithagardenismine.*Heleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.*Youcan'tbuythingswithoutmoney.5.like*用法：表示“像……一样”。*例句：*Shelookslikehermother.*Herunsfastlikeacheetah.*Hebehaveslikeagentleman.第二部分：介词用法习题演练1.Shewasborn______acoldwintermorning.A.inB.onC.atD.for2.Weusuallyhavedinner______7o'clock.A.inB.onC.atD.by3.Hehasbeenlivinginthiscity______2005.A.forB.sinceC.inD.from4.Iwillfinishmyhomework______anhour.A.inB.afterC.forD.within5.TheytraveledtoParis______plane.A.onB.byC.withD.in6.Thebook______thedeskismine.A.onB.inC.atD.under7.Sheisinterested______readingnovels.A.onB.inC.atD.for8.Hedividedthecake______histhreechildren.A.betweenB.amongC.inD.to9.I'mlookingforward______meetingyousoon.A.toB.forC.atD.on10.Theletterwaswritten______apencil.A.withB.byC.inD.use二、填空题(Fillintheblankswithappropriateprepositions.)1.Mybirthdayis______July.2.Wegotoschool______Monday______Friday.3.Shearrived______thestationjust______time.6.I'llcallyou______theevening.7.Theywalked______theparkandtalkedhappily.8.Thisgiftis______you.Happybirthday!9.Hesucceeded______workinghard.10.Pleaseturnright______thenextcorner.三、改错题(Correcttheprepositionerrorsinthefollowingsentences.)1.Iamgoodinplayingbasketball.2.Shewasbornat1998.3.Hegoestoworkbyhiscar.4.Thereisabridgeontheriver.5.Iaminterestedonhistory.6.WewillhaveapartyinnextSunday.7.Hehaslivedheresincefiveyears.8.Shecutthepaperuseascissors.9.ThebookiswrittenwithLuXun.10.HeissittingbetweenMaryandI.DearTom,______weekdays,Igetupearly______themorning,havebreakfast,andthenleave______theoffice.Iwork______9am______5pm.______theevening,IoftenreadbooksorwatchTV.______weekends,Iliketogohiking______myfriendsorvisitmuseums.Lastweek,Iwenttoaconcert______thecityhall.Themusicwaswonderful.Imetanoldfriendthere,whomIhadn'tseen______manyyears.Wetalked______ourschooldaysandlaughedalot.Bestwishes,John第三部分：习题答案与解析(AnswerKey&Explanations)一、选择题答案：1.B(具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上用on)2.C(具体时刻用at)3.B(since+过去时间点，与完成时连用)4.A(in+一段时间，表示“……之后”，用于将来时)5.B(by+交通工具，不加冠词)6.A(书在桌子表面上，用on)7.B(beinterestedin...对……感兴趣，固定搭配)8.B(三者或以上之间用among)9.A(lookforwardtodoingsth.期待做某事，固定搭配)10.A(使用具体工具用with)二、填空题答案：1.in(月份前用in)2.from,to(from...to...从……到……)3.at,in(arriveat+小地点；intime及时)5.on/under/beside(根据语境，此处可填表示方位的介词，如on,under,beside等，on最常见)6.in(泛指晚上用intheevening)7.through/in