2026北京高考考前指导卷英语（北京卷03）（全解全析）

2026年高考考前最后一卷（北京卷）

高三英语·全解全析

（考试时间：90分钟试卷满分：100分）

注意事项：

1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮

擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上

将该项涂黑。

（原创题）I’djustsatdownatmydesk,gettingreadytoreviewmylessons.Iwasorganizingmynotebooks

whentherewasasudden__1__.“ThisFridayafternoon,we’llholdaclasstalentshow—anyonecansignupto

perform!”Mybestfriendtappedmyshoulderandaskedeagerly,“Willyoujoin,Lily?”“Ofcourse,”Isaid.Ihad

no__2__inperforming,butIwantedtojoinherandgiveitashot.

ByFridayafternoon,therewasalively__3__aroundtheclassroomstage.Everyonewaschattingand

practicingtheiracts.Ihadn’tthoughtI’dactuallybethere,standingbesidethestage.ButasIwaitedformyturn,I

__4__feltmyhandsshaking.WhatifImessedupinfrontofthewholeclass?

Whenmynamewascalled,Iwalkedontothestage.TheteacheraskedmetosingasongIlikedandshowa

littledancemove.Theythen__5__myvoiceandrhythm,noddingwithasmile.IfeltlikeIhada__6__,soIsaidI

wantedtoperformafullsong.Theyencouragedmetogoforit,butIstartedtopanic—whatifIforgotthelyrics?

Afteralltheperformancesended,theteacherannouncedthemostpopularact.Myfriendranovertome,

cheering,“Lily,youwonfirstplace!”Istaredattheteacherinsurprise,andtearsstartedto__7__inmyeyes.Iwas

soexcitedthatIcouldhardlyspeak.

Thatday,performinginfrontofmyclassmateswasscarybutamazing.Whentheystarted__8__loudly,Ifelt

asurgeofconfidenceI’dneverhadbefore.Thatfeelingstayedwithmelongaftertheshow,anditmademefeel

__9__.IrealizedthattryingsomethingI’dneverdonebeforecouldbewonderful—evenifitmeanssteppingout

ofmycomfortzoneandfacingmyfears,andthisexperiencealsohelpedmebuildgreater__10__.

1．A．noiseB．announcementC．argumentD．conversation

2．A．experienceB．interestC．confidenceD．difficulty

3．A．crowdB．gameC．performanceD．meeting

4．A．slowlyB．suddenlyC．hardlyD．regularly

5．A．improvedB．testedC．recordedD．praised

6．A．ruleB．dreamC．taskD．chance

7．A．dryupB．wellupC．turnupD．wakeup

8．A．whisperingB．laughingC．clappingD．shouting

9．A．braverB．calmerC．happierD．smarter

10．A.troubleB.pressureC.confidenceD.patience

【答案】

1．B2．A3．A4．B5．D6．D7．B8．C9．A10．C

【解析】

本文是一篇记叙文，模仿原文“偶然参与→紧张忐忑→尝试展示→获得认可→收获成长”的叙事脉络，讲

述了作者原本没有表演经验，在朋友的带动下参加班级才艺展示，从紧张不安到勇敢表现，最终获得第一

名、收获自信与成长的故事，传递出“勇于走出舒适区、尝试新事物”的主题。

1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我正在整理笔记本，突然传来一则通知。结合后文老师宣布班级才艺展示的

内容，可知此处是“通知”，announcement意为“通知、公告”，与原文广播通知的语境一致。noise噪音；

argument争论；conversation对话，均不符合。故选B项。

2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没有任何表演经验，但我想和她一起试试。根据后文作者紧张手抖、担心

出错，可知作者之前从未有过表演相关经历，experience意为“经验”，符合语境。interest兴趣；confidence

自信；difficulty困难，均不贴合。故选A项。

3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：到了周五下午，教室舞台周围聚起了热闹的人群。才艺展示现场，同学们聚

集在舞台旁，crowd意为“人群”，贴合场景。game游戏；performance表演；meeting会议，均不符合。故

选A项。

4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但当我等待上场时，突然感到双手在发抖。作者原本只是陪朋友参与，此刻

临近上场，突然产生紧张情绪，suddenly意为“突然地”，符合原文“突发紧张”的心理。slowly慢慢地；

hardly几乎不；regularly定期地，均排除。故选B项。

5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随后他们称赞了我的声音和节奏，微笑着点了点头。根据后文“noddingwith

asmile”，可知老师对作者的表现表示认可，praised意为“称赞、表扬”，符合语境。improved改善；tested

测试；recorded记录，均不恰当。故选D项。

6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得自己确实有机会，于是说想唱一首完整的歌。得到老师的称赞后，作

者觉得自己有成功的可能，chance意为“机会”，与原文中作者获得认可后鼓起勇气的心理一致。rule规则；

dream梦想；task任务，均排除。故选D项。

7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我惊讶地盯着老师，眼泪开始涌上眼眶。作者意外获得第一名，激动得落泪，

wellup意为“（眼泪）涌出、涌上眼眶”，与原文中作者激动落泪的表达一致。dryup干涸；turnup出现；

wakeup醒来，均不符合。故选B项。

8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们开始大声鼓掌时，我感受到了前所未有的自信。同学们对优秀表演的

反应是鼓掌，clapping意为“鼓掌”，贴合场景，与原文中观众的反应逻辑一致。whispering低语；laughing

大笑；shouting大喊，均不恰当。故选C项。

9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种感觉在表演结束后持续了很久，让我变得更勇敢。作者克服紧张、完

成表演，收获了勇气，braver意为“更勇敢的”，贴合“走出舒适区、获得成长”的主题，与原文结尾的成

长感悟一致。calmer更冷静的；happier更开心的；smarter更聪明的，均排除。故选A项。

10.考查名词词义辨析。前文提到“asurgeofconfidenceI’dneverhadbefore”（前所未有的自信涌上心头），

且核心感悟围绕“走出舒适区、尝试新事物带来成长”，此处填confidence（自信），既呼应前文细节，又

升华主题，符合作者通过表演克服紧张、收获自信的心理变化。trouble麻烦；pressure压力；patience耐心，

均排除。故选C。

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的

空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

A

Onedaywhenagroupofbees____11____(land)onaprimaryschool,notsurprisingly,therewaspanic

amongtheteachers.Though,mostofthechildrenwatchedexcitedlyasabeecatcherroundeduptheuninvited

visitors.Thisunexpectedeventledtotheschoolintegratingbeekeepingintothecourse,____12____hasresultedin

notablebenefits.Thechildrenstudythedanceofthebeestodecide____13____honeysourceis.Theyusehoney

incookinglessons.Theyhaveevenopenedaschoolshopthat____14____(feature)honey.Mostofall,the

childrenhavebecomemoreresponsibletoothers.

【答案】11.landed12.which13.where14.features

【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一群蜜蜂降落在一所小学后，引发的一系列事件，以及这些

事件给学校和孩子们带来的积极影响。

11.考查动词的时态。句意：一天，当一群蜜蜂降落在一所小学时，不出所料，老师们惊慌失措。land(降落)

是句中谓语动词，与主语agroupofbees之间是主动关系，根据句意和上下文时态可知，句子描述过去发生

的事情，应使用一般过去时态。故填landed。

12.考查定语从句。句意：这一意外事件促使学校将养蜂纳入课程，这带来了显著的好处。空格处为非限制

性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。

故填which。

13.考查名词性从句。句意：孩子们通过观察蜜蜂的舞蹈来判断蜜源在哪里。“honeysourceis”

是宾语从句，从句缺少表语，结合句意，表示“在哪里”，应用连接副词where引导该从句。故填where。

14.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：他们甚至开了一家以蜂蜜为特色的学校商店。feature(以……为特色)

是定语从句中谓语动词，主语that(指代先行词aschoolshop)与feature之间是主动关系，根据句意，描述客

观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数代词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。故填features。

B

（新题材）SpacesuitsareimportantifyouleaveEarth’sprotectiveatmosphere.Spacesuitsshouldallow

excellent____15____(free)ofmovementforthewearers,whomayoftengoonspacewalksoutsidetheirshipto

performdelicateequipmentrepairsallby____16____(they).Italsohelpsthatthespacesuitisquicktoputonin

caseofanemergency.Anditshouldprovideafulllife-supportsystemtomaintaininternalairandtemperatureas

wellasattendtotheneedsoffood,waterandotherbodilyfunctions.Overtheyears,variousspacesuits

____17____(design)tomeetthesecriteria.

【答案】15.freedom16.themselves17.havebeendesigned

【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了宇航服在太空活动中的重要作用，以及它需要具备的活动自由度、

生命支持系统等关键要求，还有多年来为此设计出的各类宇航服。

15.考查名词。句意：宇航服应当让穿戴者拥有极佳的活动自由度，他们经常需要在飞船外进行太空行走，

独自完成精密的设备维修。形容词excellent后需要接名词，free的名词形式是freedom，表示抽象概念是不

可数名词。作宾语。故填freedom。

16.考查反身代词。句意同上。固定短语allbyoneself表示“独自，单独”，此处指代wearers，应用第三

人称复数反身代词。故填themselves。

17.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：多年来，人们已经设计出了各种各样的宇航服来满足这些标

准。时间状语Overtheyears常与现在完成时连用，且spacesuits与design之间是被动关系，应用现在完成

时的被动语态，主语spacesuits是复数。故填havebeendesigned。

C

____18____(lead)asatisfyinglife,it’snotnecessaryformetopursuegrandexperiences;instead,thesmall,

everydayjoysholdthemostvalue.Whetherit’senjoyingacupofteaorsharingalaughwithfriends,these

momentscontributetomysenseofwell-being.Through____19____(appreciate)thesesmallpleasuresIfeelmore

connectedtotheworldandenhancemysenseofhappiness.Thesesimplepleasurescanbefoundinourdaily

routines,fromthesightsandsoundsofnaturetothewarmthofhumanconnection.Ifweintegratethesesmalljoys

intoourlife,wewilldevelopgreaterenthusiasm____20____thepresent.

【答案】18.Tolead19.appreciating20.for

【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者表达了自己对生活态度的思考，认为生活中简单的小快乐更有价值。

18.考查非谓语动词。句意：要过上令人满意的生活，我不必追求那些宏大的经历；相反，那些日常的小乐

趣才最有价值。该空所给动词lead在句中作目的状语，应使用动词不定式形式，并注意句首字母大写。故

填Tolead。

19.考查非谓语动词。句意：通过感恩这些小小的快乐，我感觉与这个世界的关系更加紧密，也增强了我的

幸福感。所给动词appreciate在句中作介词through的宾语，应使用动名词形式。故填appreciating。

20.考查介词。句意：如果我们将这些小乐趣融入到生活中，我们就会对当下产生更大的热情。名词enthusiasm

搭配介词for……表示“对……的热情”作后置定语。故填for。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，共38分）

第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

（新语境）

VolunteerwithUs

YouCanMakeOurGreatPlacesBetter.

JoinVolunteers-In-Parks(VIP)tosupporttheNationalParkServiceinpreservingandprotectingnational

parks,withflexiblevolunteerarrangements—youcantakepartforadayoryear-round,individuallyorwith

friendsandfamily,andchoosespotsclosetohomeordreamdestinations,asopportunitiesareofferednationwide.

WhatCanVolunteersDo?

Thepossibilitiesareasdiverseasthenationalparksthemselves.Herearesomeexamplevolunteeractivities:

◆Leadorsupporteducationandpublic-facingprograms

◆Maintainorrebuildtrailsorhistoricbuildings

◆Conductresearchormonitorwildlifetopreserveournaturalresources

◆Helpfamiliesmakememorieshappenasacampgroundhost

◆Supportlibraries,archives,andmuseumsinparkstopreserveourculturalresources

◆EducatetraintravelersonthenaturalandculturalheritageofaregionthroughtheTrails&Railsprogram

FindaVolunteerOpportunity

◆VisitVtosearchopportunitiesbylocation,specificsiteoractivity,orjustbrowsefreely.

◆Checkthevolunteerwebpageofaspecificpark(findbystate,clickGetInvolvedthenVolunteer),thoughnotall

parkshavesuchpages.

◆Explorespecialprogramslikecitizensciencetofindactivitiesmatchingyourinterests.

◆Joinsingleormulti-dayvolunteereventstotryvolunteeringeasily.

BecomeaVolunteer

ApplyforanopportunityviaV,withofflineVolunteerServiceApplication(OF301)inMandarin

andSpanishavailableifneeded;asupervisorwillthenconfirmyourpositionanddiscussduties,durationand

schedulewithyou.Next,completeandsignpre-startpaperworkwithyoursupervisorandgetyourdutydescription.

Afterfinishingonboarding(includingtrainingandreceivingnecessaryitems),reportyourvolunteerhoursand

accomplishmentstoyoursupervisorregularly.

DevoteyoursparetimeandmakeabigdifferencetonationalparksthroughVIP!

21.Whichactivityprotectsculturalresources?

A.Assistinglibrariesandarchivesinparks.B.Buildingtrailsorhistoricbuildings.

C.Monitoringwildlifefornaturalresources.D.Teachingtravelersregionalculturalheritage.

22.Whatcanwelearnaboutvolunteerprocedures?

A.Applicationformsareonlyinonelanguage.

B.Dutiesandtimearediscussedwithsupervisors.

C.Pre-startpaperworkandrandomreportsarerequired.

D.Onboardingincludestrainingandprofessionalskilltests.

23.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Tointroducemainparkvolunteertasks.B.Toofferdetailedvolunteerapplicationsteps.

C.Toadvocateparticipationinparkvolunteering.D.Tostresstheimportanceofparkresourceprotection.

【答案】21.A22.B23.C

【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参与国家公园志愿服务的项目，包括志愿者可以开展的活动、

寻找志愿机会的方式、成为志愿者的流程等，旨在呼吁人们利用业余时间参与国家公园志愿服务，为保护

国家公园做出贡献。

21.细节理解题。根据“WhatCanVolunteersDo?”部分中“Supportlibraries,archives,andmuseumsinparksto

preserveourculturalresources(支持公园内的图书馆、档案馆和博物馆，以保护我们的文化资源)”可知，协

助公园内的图书馆和档案馆这项活动可以保护文化资源。故选A项。

22.细节理解题。根据“BecomeaVolunteer”部分中“ApplyforanopportunityviaV,withoffline

VolunteerServiceApplication(OF301)inMandarinandSpanishavailableifneeded;asupervisorwillthenconfirm

yourpositionanddiscussduties,durationandschedulewithyou.(通过V申请机会，如果需要，可提

供中文和西班牙文的线下志愿服务申请表（OF301）；然后主管将确认你的职位，并与你讨论职责、期限和

时间安排。)”可知，职责和时间安排是与主管讨论确定的。故选B项。

23.推理判断题。根据文章标题“VolunteerwithUs(和我们一起做志愿者)”以及最后一段“Devoteyourspare

timeandmakeabigdifferencetonationalparksthroughVIP!(利用你的业余时间，通过VIP为国家公园做出巨

大改变！)”可推知，文章的目的是倡导人们参与国家公园的志愿服务。故选C项。

B

ForaslongasIcanremember,Ihavebeendoinggymnastics.Istartedgymnasticsataveryyoungage.Iwas

onlythreeyearsoldwhenmymotherfirstputmeinamommy-and-meclass.Mymomneverexpectedmetoloveit

asmuchasIdid,orevencontinueitfortwelveyearsandbecomecompetitiveinit.Wewenttocompetitionsall

overthestateofFlorida.Occasionallywewouldcompeteoutofstate.

Myfavoriteeventingymnasticswasthebalancebeam.Ilovedthechallengeofflippingonafour-inchpiece

ofwood.Iwasalwaysreferredtoas“beamqueen”becauseIhadanaturaltalentforit.Doingskillsonthebalance

beamalwayscameeasytome,andmyloveforthiseventshowedwhenIscoredwellincompetitions.

AlthoughIamnolongerabletodogymnasticsbecauseofadefectthatwasfoundinmyspine,Istillloveitas

muchasIwouldifIwerestilldoingit.Itwasreallytoughtryingtoacceptthefactthatmylifeofgymnastics,after

elevenyears,wasover.Butafterallthesadmoments,Ipickedupanewhobby—volleyball.Ithelpedmepassthe

time.YetwordscannotexplainhowmuchIlovegymnasticsorhowIwouldgiveanythingformybacktobehealed

andtogobacktothegym.ThegoodnewsisthatIhaven’tlostallofmyskills.WheneverIvisitthegym,Istilllike

tofliparoundandseewhatIcando.Idon’tknowwhyIlovedthesportsomuch.Ijustdid.Imeanitcouldhave

beenformanyreasons.

Somechallengescamewiththesportthough.Forinstance,Ihadatoughscheduletokeep.Itrainedforfour

hoursaday,fivedaysaweek,threehundredandsixty-fivedaysayear,andwhenyouthrewschoolandhomework

inthere,itgotprettycomplicated.Iwasconstantlytiredfromgoingtobedlatebecauseofthegymandhavingto

wakeupearlyforschool.Ibarelyevengottorestontheweekendsbecausethat’swhenallthecompetitionswere.

AsIlookbackonitnow,Ireallymissthelatenightsandthebusyschedule.

Fromthissport,Ihavelearnedsomanythingsthatwillhelpmelaterinlife.Iwillneverforgetthememories

thatweremade.Gymnasticswillalwaysbeapartofme.

24.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’schildhood?

A.Shedevelopedanenthusiasmforgymnastics.B.ShecompetedfrequentlyoutsideFlorida.

C.Shelearnedgymnasticsfromhermom.D.Shedreamedofparticipatingininternationalcompetitions.

25.Knowingshecouldnolongerdogymnastics,theauthor______.

A.stayedawayfromgymsandlostinterestinsports

B.startedanewhobbybutstillmisseddoinggymnastics

C.feltrelievedtobefreefromthetiringtrainingschedule

D.forgotgymnasticsquicklyanddevotedherselftovolleyball

26.Whatwasoneofthechallengesthewriterfacedwhendoinggymnastics?

A.Shehadnonaturaltalentforgymnasticsatfirst.B.Shecouldnotgetalongwellwithherteammates.

C.Shewaslaughedatbyothersduringtraining.D.Herbusytrainingschedulemadeherlifetiring.

27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?

A.Everythingcomestothosewhowait.B.Whenonedoorcloses,anotheropens.

C.Truepassionleavesalastingmarkonone’slife.D.Successinsportsdemandshardworkanddetermination.

【答案】24.A25.B26.D27.C

【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者自幼练习体操，热爱体操，因脊柱问题无奈放弃后仍心怀热爱，

体操也深刻影响了她的人生。

24.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“MymomneverexpectedmetoloveitasmuchasIdid,orevencontinueitfor

twelveyearsandbecomecompetitiveinit.(我妈妈从未想过我会如此热爱体操，更没想过我会坚持十二年并走

上竞技之路。)”可知，作者在童年时期就对体操产生了极大的热情。故选A项。

25.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Butafterallthesadmoments,Ipickedupanewhobby—volleyball.Ithelped

mepassthetime.YetwordscannotexplainhowmuchIlovegymnasticsorhowIwouldgiveanythingformyback

tobehealedandtogobacktothegym.(但在所有难过的时光过后，我培养了一个新爱好——排球。它帮我打

发时间。然而，语言无法形容我有多热爱体操，我愿意付出一切换我的背部痊愈，回到体操馆。)”可知，

作者开始了新的爱好，但仍然想念体操。故选B项。

26.细节理解题。根据第四段中“Somechallengescamewiththesportthough.Forinstance,Ihadatough

scheduletokeep.Iwasconstantlytiredfromgoingtobedlatebecauseofthegymandhavingtowakeupearlyfor

school.”可知，作者面临的挑战之一是繁忙的训练日程让她疲惫不堪。故选D项。

27.推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“Iwillneverforgetthememoriesthatweremade.Gymnastics

willalwaysbeapartofme.(我永远不会忘记那些回忆。体操将永远是我生命的一部分。)”可知，作者对体操

的真正热爱在她的生命中留下了永恒的印记。故选C项。

C

（新热点）Forhalfacentury,psychologistKeithHolyoakhasstudiedanalogy—thecapacitytoseerelational

similaritiesbetweensuperficiallydissimilarthings—asacornerstoneofhumanintelligence.Hisnewbook,The

HumanEdge,takesafreshlookatanalogyasadefiningfeatureofhumanthought.

Atitscore,analogyenablesustoapplypriorknowledgetonovelsituations.Unlikesimpleperceptual

similarity,analogymapsrelationalpatternsacrossdifferentdomains.Theproverbabouttwodogsfightingovera

bonewhileathirdrunsaway,forinstance,illuminatesabusinessscenariowherecompetingcorporationsweaken

eachother,allowingarivaltotakeadvantage.Thiscapacityforrelationalmappingunderpinsfluidintelligence—

theabilitytoreasonaboutnewproblems—andstronglypredictsperformanceonintelligencetests.

Analogyalsodrivescreativity.Holyoak’sclassicresearchonthe“radiationproblem”illustratesthis:

participantsstruggledtodestroyatumor(肿瘤)withrayswithoutharminghealthytissue.Butthosefirstexposedto

astoryaboutageneralattackingacastlefrommultiplesidesreadilydevisedtheconvergent(会聚的)raysolution.

Whileweoftenfailtoretrieveusefulanalogiesindependently,exposuretostructurallysimilarbutsuperficially

differentsituationscansparkbreakthroughthinking.

Thiscognitivecapacitydevelopsearlyandnaturally.Childrenbeginreasoninganalogicallyaroundagethree

andthecapacitycontinuestodevelopuntiladulthood.Holyoakidentifiesthisasa“LateSystem”—auniquely

human,evolutionarilyrecentabilityforgeneralrelationalreasoning.Itbuildsuponandcooperateswitholder,

specialized“EarlySystems”wesharewithotheranimals.Whilenonhumanspeciesperformtasksthatresemble

analogicalreasoning,thesesuccessesremaindomain-specific.Humansalonecanmaprelationsacrossanycontent,

fromfairytalestophysics.

Thisspecialability,however,grantsneitherwisdomnormorality.Abstractthoughthasyieldedbothmedical

curesandweaponsofmassdestruction.AsHolyoaknotes,ifEarthbecomesuninhabitable,itwon’tbethe

chimpanzees’fault.

TheriseofAIpresentsanewfrontier.Largelanguagemodels(LLMs)nowsolveanalogyproblemsata

college-studentlevel,andtheircomputationalpowercouldeventuallyproducesuperhumanintelligence.Yetthey

lackautonomyand,crucially,theabilitytospontaneouslynoticeameaningfulanalogy.Inart,thislimitationmay

provedifficulttoovercome.AI,lackingemotion,consciousness,andindividuality,producesworkmanyfind

soulless.

Humanuniquenessstemsfromtheevolutionofcooperativesystems:a“LateSystem”thatenablescomplex

relationalreasoningandthe“EarlySystems”thatreflectourvastbiologicalheritage.Theirintegrationisthevery

essenceofthehumanedge.

28.Whatdoestheword“underpins”underlinedinParagraph2mostprobablymean?

A.Supports.B.Evaluates.C.Replaces.D.Frames.

29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.The“LateSystem”isdevelopedinadulthood.B.The“twodogs”proverbencouragescompetitions.

C.Theconvergentraysolutionarosefromananalogy.D.LLMscan’tformanalogiesduetolackofautonomy.

30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.DevelopingAnalogy:TheCoreofHumanCreativity

B.DecodingAnalogy:ACapacitySettingHumansApart

C.DefiningAnalogy:TheForceDrivingHumanEvolution

D.DefendingAnalogy:AMechanismofHumanPerception

【答案】28.A29.C30.B

【解析】这是一篇说明文。心理学家霍利奥克研究类比——即识别看似不同事物之间内在关联性的能力——

并将此视为人类智慧的关键要素。

28.词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Atitscore,analogyenablesustoapplypriorknowledgetonovelsituations.

Unlikesimpleperceptualsimilarity,analogymapsrelationalpatternsacrossdifferentdomains.Theproverbabout

twodogsfightingoverabonewhileathirdrunsaway,forinstance,illuminatesabusinessscenariowhere

competingcorporationsweakeneachother,allowingarivaltotakeadvantage.(从本质上讲，类比使我们能够将

已有的知识应用到新的情境中。与简单的感知相似性不同，类比能在不同领域之间映射出关系模式。例如，

关于两只狗为一块骨头而争斗，而第三只狗却跑开的这句谚语，就揭示了一个商业场景：相互竞争的公司

会削弱彼此，从而使对手有机可乘。)”及下文“...fluidintelligence—theabilitytoreasonaboutnewproblems

—andstronglypredictsperformanceonintelligencetests.(流体智力——即对新问题进行推理

的能力，并且能很好地预测智力测试的成绩。)”可知，作者认为通过类比我们可以提升智力，灵活运用已

有知识。由此推测，划线词指这种进行关系映射的类比能力促进提升流体智力，与Supports意思相近。故

选A项。

29.细节理解题。根据第三段“Analogyalsodrivescreativity.Holyoak’sclassicresearchonthe“radiation

problem”illustratesthis:participantsstruggledtodestroyatumor(肿瘤)withrayswithoutharminghealthytissue.

Butthosefirstexposedtoastoryaboutageneralattackingacastlefrommultiplesidesreadilydevisedthe

convergent(会聚的)raysolution.(类比也能激发创造力。霍利奥克关于“辐射问题”的经典研究就很好地说

明了这一点：参与者努力想用射线来摧毁肿瘤，同时又不伤害健康组织。但那些最先接触到关于一位将军

从多个方向攻打城堡的故事的人，很快就想出了集中射线的解决方案。)”可知，参与者先读了将军多路进

攻城堡的故事，才设计出会聚射线治疗肿瘤的方案，这个方案本身就是跨领域类比得到的结果。C选项结

论符合文章内容。故选C项。

30.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Forhalfacentury,psychologistKeithHolyoakhasstudiedanalogy—the

capacitytoseerelationalsimilaritiesbetweensuperficiallydissimilarthings—asacornerstoneofhuman

intelligence.Hisnewbook,TheHumanEdge,takesafreshlookatanalogyasadefiningfeatureofhumanthought.

(半个世纪以来，心理学家基思·霍利奥克一直致力于研究类比——即识别看似不同事物之间内在关联性的

能力——并将此视为人类智慧的关键要素。他的新书《人类的优势》从全新的角度探讨了类比作为人类思

维特征的重要性。)”第二段“Atitscore,analogyenablesustoapplypriorknowledgetonovelsituations.(从本

质上讲，类比使我们能够将已有的知识应用到新的情境中)”第三段“Analogyalsodrivescreativity.(类比也

能激发创造力。)”及最后一段“Humanuniquenessstemsfromtheevolutionofcooperativesystems:a“Late

System”thatenablescomplexrelationalreasoningandthe“EarlySystems”thatreflectourvastbiologicalheritage.

Theirintegrationistheveryessenceofthehumanedge.(人类的独特性源于合作系统的进化：一种“晚期系统”

能够进行复杂的关联推理，还有“早期系统”则反映了我们丰富的生物遗传特征。它们的融合正是人类优

势的所在。)”可知，全文都在讲类比是人类独有的，别的动物只有领域特定的，AI也没有自发类比的能力，

最后说这就是人类的优势，这个整合是人类独特性来源。由此可知，B项DecodingAnalogy:ACapacitySetting

HumansApart(解码类比：区分人类与动物的能力)概括了文章主旨，适合作标题。故选B项。

D

（新题材）Foralongperiod,manyparentshaveassumedthatadditionalmathematicsexercisesandan

increasednumberofafter-schoolclassesrepresentthemostreliableroutetoimprovingachild’sprospects.More

recently,however,aresearchteamattheUniversityofMelbournehasdirectedattentiontoadifferenttypeof

educationalexperience:sustainedparticipationinschool-basedartsprogrammes.Theirten-yearlongitudinalstudy

indicatesthatregularengagementintheartsisassociatedwithenhancedemotionalwell-being,greatersocial

confidenceandhigherlevelsofengagementwithacademicwork.

Theresearcherstrackednearly8,500studentsfromGrade3throughGrade12.Attwo-yearintervals,the

studentsreportedthefrequencywithwhichtheyjoinedschoolbands,tookpartintheatricalperformances,

contributedtodesigningstagesetsorposters,orattendedartclubsafterschool.Atthesametime,teachers

systematicallydocumentedobservablechangesinclassroombehaviour,includingwhetherstudentscompleted

homeworkontime,participatedingroupdiscussionsordisplayeddisruptiveconductduringlessons.

Whentheteamcomparedstudentsfrombroadlysimilarfamilybackgrounds,aconsistentpatternemerged.

Thosewhoparticipatedinartsactivitiesatleastonceaweekwere,onaverage,lessanxiousandmoreoptimistic

abouttheirfuturethanpeerswhorarelytookpart.Studentsinthearts-participationgroupwerealsomorelikelyto

remaininschoolthroughtograduationandtoreportthat“schoolisaplacewhereIbelong.”

Theresearchersthensoughttoexplorepotentialmechanismsunderlyingtheseoutcomes.Interviewswith

studentspointedtoseveralcontributoryfactors.Rehearsing(排练)foraconcertoraplay,forinstance,required

themtomanagetheirtimecarefully,attendtotheviewsofothersandtoleratefeedbackinthepresenceoftheir

peers.Somequieterstudentsreporteddiscoveringthattheycouldcommunicatestrongemotionsthrougharoleon

stageorthroughtheuseofcolourandformonacanvas(画布).

Thestudystopsshortofpresentingartseducationasasimpleguaranteeofsuccess.Evenso,theauthors

contendthatwhenschoolsreduceprovisioninmusicorartinordertocreateadditionaltimefortestpreparation,

theymayunintentionallyremoveoneofthefewenvironmentsinwhichcertainstudentsfeelrecognisedandvalued.

Onthisbasis,theresearchersrecommendthatschoolsmaintainabasiclevelofartsprovision,particularlyin

communitiesexperiencingeconomicpressure.

31.Whatcanbeinferredaboutschoolartsactivities?

A.Itleadstohighermarksinschoolsubjects.B.Itgivesstudentsastrongersenseofbelonging.

C.Ittakestheplaceofacademicsupportafterclass.D.Itisdesignedforstudentsfromwell-offfamilies.

32.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Artseducationhaslimitedvalueinexam-drivensystems.

B.Testpracticechangeswhenschoolsincreaseartsactivities.

C.Parentsaretheforcebehindthereductionofartsprogrammes.

D.Cuttingartsprovisionhassideeffectsthatare