高考英语新热点时文阅读

高考英语最新热点时文阅读题型主要内容1语法填空介绍了维基百科的创办历程、现状以及面临的一些挑战2七选五解释了为什么速滑运动员要佩戴眼镜的问题3阅读理解介绍来自爱迪生和达利的启示：临睡状态可激发创造力4阅读理解介绍了蜜蜂幼虫中，大约有五分之一成长为蜂王，但蜂群只接受一只蜂王，所以一些蜂群必须杀死数千个想成为蜂王的蜜蜂。5阅读理解一项针对老年痴呆症的重大研究表明，中年时每晚经常睡6小时或更少的人比那些每天睡7小时的人更容易患痴呆症01（2022·湖南·雅礼中学高三阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Wikipedia，theonlineencyclopedia(百科全书),isthelargestencyclopediaever.Anencyclopediaisacollectionofinformativearticlesabout____1____(variety)things.Encyclopediasusedtobeprinted____2____books.Now,

theyaremostlyfoundonline.“Wiki”isanInternetterm____3____(mean)“awebsitethatcanbeeditedbythepublic”.Itcomesfrom“wikiwiki”,aHawaiianwordfor“quick”.TwoAmericans,JimmyWalesandLarrySanger,createdWikipediain2001.Itisnowthefifth-most____4____(visit)websiteontheInternet.Ithasabout6millionarticlesin300languagesandisvisitedbybillionsofpeopleeachday,______5______wanttofindinformationonjustaboutanythingscience,math,languages,art,culture,andcompanyhistories.Wikipediaemploys____6____openeditingmodel.Exceptforasmallnumberofpages，anyonecaneditarticles，anonymously(匿名地)orwithauseraccount.Editingisunpaid,althoughWikipediadoesemployasmallstaff.Wikipediais____7____(free)availabletoanyonewithanInternetconnection.However,criticshaveraiseddoubtsabouttheaccuracyandauthorityWikipedia’scontentsinceitseditorsaremostlyamateursratherthanprofessionals.ThereisnodoubtthatmanyWikipediapagescontainerrorsalthoughthe____8____(organize)doesattempttosolveproblemswithitscontentreviewsystem.However,severalstudieshaveconcludedthatWikipediaisasaccurateasmostprintencyclopedias.Indeed,a2005reportinthejournalNature____9____(find)ittobeonlyslightlylessreliablethanEncyclopediaBritannica.ItistruethatWikipediafaceschallenges.Itcarriesnoadsanditsfundscomefromdonations.Perhapsmoreimportantly,thenumberofitsvolunteereditorsisshrinking.Despitethese____10____(difficulty),JimmyWalessayshewillstillsticktohisaspiration—“todosomethingusefulfortheworld”.02（2022·湖北·一模）Thereasonsskiersandsnowboardersweargogglesorglassesmightseemalittleobvious,especiallyifyou’veeverhittheslopesyourself.Sunlightreflectedoffthesnowcanmakeithardtosee,andUVrayscanevendamageyoureyesight.Specialcoloredlensesalsocreatecontrast,soyourwholepathwon’tlooklikeoneflatexpanseofwhiteness.____11____Olympicspeedskaters,meanwhile,areracinginsideonsmoothice.____12____AccordingtoNBCOlympics,glassescanincreasevisibilityonindoortracks,too.____13____Andwhiletheicemaylooksmoothfromadistance,thosesharpbladescankickupicechipsthatcouldposeproblemsiftheyendupinyoureyes.Intheeventofacrash,shatter-proofglassesalsoprotectskaters’eyesfromerrantbladesandbodyparts.____14____Shot-trackspeedskaters(whoracearoundaroughly11-metertrack)cangoasfastas30milesperhourormore,andlong-trackspeedskaters(whosetrackis400meterslong)sometimeshitabout35milesperhour.Thewindresistancegeneratedbysuchspeed-inachillyarena—isenoughtomakeanyskater’seyesstartstreamingwithtears.Pictureleaningyourheadoutthewindowofacarthat’sgoingaround35milesperhouronacoldday:You’dprobablywanttobewearingglasses,too.Thatsaid,glassesaren’tarequirement.____15____Belgium’sStijnDesmet,forexample,hasracedinBeijing2022OlympicWinterGameswithouteyewear,ashasChina’sZhangChutong.A．Howdotheywearglasses?B．Sowhydotheywearglasses?C．Someskiersareafraidofthesunlight.D．Someskaters’lensesaretintedtohelpwiththat.E．You’lloccasionallyseespeedskaterswithuncoveredvisages.F．Nottomentionthateyewearshieldsyoureyesfromanysnowyoudisplace.G．Butthebiggestreasonspeedskatersoptforeyewearjustmightbetheirspeed.03（2021·重庆巴蜀中学高二期末）ItwasamethodfavouredbytheinventorThomasEdisonandtheartistSalvadorDali.Wakingfromanapexactlyatthepointbeforedeepsleepinanefforttoinspirecreativity.Edisonheldametalballinhishandsothatifhenoddedoffhewoulddropitandthesoundwouldwakehim.ForDali,itwasakeylandingonaplate.Nowscientistshavefoundthattheymighthavebeenontosomething.ResearchersattheParisBrainInstitutestudiedpeople’sabilitytofindahiddenruleinamathspuzzle.Identifyingthetrickwouldmakesolvingtheproblemfarsimplerbuttodosorequiredthinkingcreatively.Thescientistsfoundthatparticipantswhohadbeenwokenjustbeforefallingintoadeepsleep,usingatechniquelikethatusedbyEdisonandDali,weremorelikelytofindtheshortcut.This“twilightzone”isknownasnon-rapideyemovementsleepstage1,orN1.Scientistsdescribeditlikeanexaggeratedformofmind-wandering,wheredream-likethoughtsfillthemind.Itisthoughtthataspeoplestarttodisengage(脱离)fromtheirenvironmenttheycan“freelywatchtheirmindswander,whilemaintainingtheirabilitytoidentifycreativesparks(火花)”.Forthestudy103peopleweregivenamathsproblemtosolve.Toreachthefinalanswertheyhadtoapplytherulesstepbystepbut,unknowntothem,a“hiddenrule”wouldallowthemtobypassmostofthestepsandgettothesolutionmuchmorequickly.Theresultsshowedthat83percentofthoseintheN1grouphadfoundtheshortcut,comparedwith31percentinthegroupwhowereawakeand14percentofthoseinadeepsleep.Researchersconcludethatthebrainactivitycommontothetwilightzonebetweensleepandwakefulnesssetoffcreativesparks.“Althoughtheneuralmechanisms(神经机制)involvedarenotyetknown,ourfindingssuggestthatthereisacreativesweetspotwithinthetwilightzone,”saidDrThomasAndrillon,co-authorofthestudy.16．Whydidtheauthormention“ametalball”and“akey”inParagraph2?A．Toclarifyamethod.

B．Toexplainatheory.C．Topresentaconcept.

D．Tomakeacomparison.17．Whatcanwelearnabout“thetwilightzone”fromthetext?A．Itpreventsyourmindfromwandering.B．Itdetermineswhatyourdreamswillbelike.C．Itisknownasrapideyemovementsleepstage.D．Itisastateofbeinghalfasleepandhalfawake.18．Whatdoes“theshortcut”inParagraph5referto?A．Themathsproblem.

B．Thefinalanswer.C．Thehiddenrule.

D．Theaddedstep.19．WhatattitudemayDrThomasAndrillonholdtothetechniqueusedbyEdisonandDali?A．Doubtful.

B．Critical.C．Indifferent.

D．Favorable.04（2022·重庆巴蜀中学高三阶段练习）Somebeesseemtobeabletochoosewhethertobecomeaworkeroraqueen—butthousandsofcompetitorsforthethrone(王位)arekilledineachhive(蜂巢).Aboutone-fifthofallMeliponabeecheiibeelarvae(幼虫)starttodevelopasqueens,butthecolonyacceptsonlyone.Therestareattackedbystrong-jawedworkers.Biologistssuspectedthatcoloniesofthisspeciesoverproducequeensasanevolutionarystrategytotakeoverotherhives.Butitnowseemsthatitissimplyaresultofthe“selfishness”ofindividuallarvae,tothedetrimentofthewholecolony,saysCaliariOliveiraatKULeuveninBelgium.Unlikemostbeecolonieswhereworkersselectonelarvatobecometheonlyqueenbyfeedingitaspecialdiet,theM.beecheiicolonyisspendingalotofresourcestoproducenewindividuals,andthenalltheydoafterwardsiswastethoseresourcesandkillthequeens.“Thisisaverygoodexampleofthetragedyofthecommons,whenachaseforpersonalgainharmssociety,”saysCaliariOliveira.Inthepast,researcherssuggestedthatM.beecheiiworkerswerefeedingachemicalcalledgeraniol(香叶醇)tothefuturequeens.Oliveiraandhiscolleagueswonderedifthebeeschosesomanyqueensinordertospreadthecolony’sDNAintootherhives.Toinvestigatefurther,theytookgeneticsamplesofqueensandworkersfrom25free-rangingM.beecheiicolonies.Inthelab,theyalsogavehigherdosesofgeranioltomorethan600larvae.Totheirsurprise,theydiscoveredthatextrageranioldidn’taffectlarvaldevelopment,soworkersweren’tcontrollingqueenproductionafterall.GeneticanalysisrevealedthattheDNAofeachhiveremained100percentconsistent.Thenewstudy“settlesabitofacontroversy”aboutMeliponabees,saysChristophGrueterattheUniversityofBristol,UK.Butitdoesn’tofferanewexplanationforhowthelarvae“decide”tobecomequeens.“Forme,thisisstilloneofthebiggestpuzzlesinbiology.”20．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tothedetrimentof”meaninParagraph3?A．Takingchargeof.

B．Fallingvictimto.C．Providingsupportfor.

D．Causingdamageto.21．Whydidtheresearchersfeedextrageranioltothelarvae?A．Totesttheirassumption.

B．Tosimplifytheirresearch.C．Toapplynewtechniques.

D．Toconfirmpreviousfindings.22．WhatdoesChristophGrueterthinkofthenewstudy?A．Itisfruitless.

B．Itisinnovative.C．Itisinsufficient.

D．Itissatisfactory.23．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Somebeecoloniesadopteffectiveevolutionarystrategies.B．Somebeecolonieshavetokillthousandsofwannabequeens.C．Somebeespeciesoverproducequeenstoconquerotherhives.D．Somebeespeciesrelyonachemicaltospreadthecolony’sDNA．05（2022·江苏南通·二模）Peoplewhoregularlysleepforsixhoursorlesseachnightinmiddleagearemorelikelytodevelopdementiathanthosewhoroutinelymanagesevenhours,accordingtoamajorstudyintothedisease.Researchersfounda30%greaterriskofdementiainthosewhoduringtheir50s,60sand70sconsistentlyhadashortnight'ssleep,regardlessofotherriskfactorssuchasheartconditionandpoormentalhealth.Sabia,anauthorofthestudyattheuniversityofParisandhercolleaguesanalyzedsurveydatafromUniversityCollegeLondon'sWhitehallstudy,whichlaunchedin1985andfollowedthehealthandlifestylesofmorethan10,000Britishvolunteers.TheFrenchteamfocusedonnearly8,000participantswhoself-reportedtheirsleeppatterns.During25yearsoffollow-up.521participantsdevelopeddementia,withmostdiagnosedintheirlate70s.WritinginNatureCommunications,thescientistsdescribedhowthosewhoroutinelygotsixhoursofsleeporlesseachnightintheir50sand60swere30%morelikelytodevelopdementiathanthosewhotypicallymanagedsevenhours.Thestudydoesnotprovethatsleepingtoolittlecausesdementia,sincesleeplossitselfmaybeoneoftheearliestsymptomsofthedisease.Butsomescientistsbelievetheresultsstrengthenevidencethatcontinuouspoorsleepmayatleastcontributetothedisease.Thefirstpathologicalchangesthatleadtodementiaoccuronetotwodecadesbeforethediseasebecomesobvious,asstickyproteinscalledamyloidbuildupinthebrain.Whenthe1985Whitehallstudyfirstassessedthesleepofvolunteerswholaterdevelopeddementia,thisprocesshadprobablynotstarted.Thismeantthatiftheyweresleepingtoolittle,itwasunlikelytohavebeencausedbydementia-relatedbrainchanges.“Itstrengthenstheevidencethatpoorsleepinmiddleagecouldcauseorworsendementiainlaterlife,”saidDr.LizCoulthard,aconsultantseniorlecturerindementianeurology.“Itmakessensetotakemeasurestoimprovesleepsuchasgoingoutsideduringdaylighthourstohelpmaintainthenaturalrhythmsthatpromotegoodsleep,avoidingtoomuchalcoholorcaffeine,particularlybeforebed,andfindingabedtimeroutinethatworksforyou.”24．Whatriskfactorfordementiadoesthepassagefocuson?A．Sleeploss.

B．Age.

C．Poormentalhealth.

D．Heartcondition.25．HowdidFrenchscientistsgettheresearchfindings?A．Bymakingacomparison.

B．Bymonitoringsleeppatterns.C．ByinterviewingBritishvolunteers.

D．Byanalyzingprevioussurveydata.26．Inwhattonedothescientiststalkabouttheresearch?A．Casual.

B．Doubtful.

C．Negative.

D．Cautious.27．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A．Togiveexamples.

B．Tocollectproofs.C．Tooffersuggestions.

D．Topresentarguments.参考答案：1．various2．as3．meaning4．visited5．who6．an7．freely8．organization9．found10．difficulties【解析】这是一篇说明文，本文介绍了维基百科的创办历程、现状以及面临的一些挑战。1．考查形容词。句意：百科全书是关于各种事物的翔实文章的集合。空处修饰名词things，应用形容词作定语，various各种各样的。故填various。2．考查介词。句意：百科全书过去是以书籍的形式印刷的。结合句意可知，此处指“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。3．考查现在分词。句意：Wiki是一个网络术语，意思是“公众可以编辑的网站”。动词mean和逻辑主语term之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作定语。故填meaning。4．考查过去分词。句意：它现在是互联网上访问量第五大的网站。visit和名词website之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填visited。5．考查定语从句。句意：它有300种语言的600万篇文章，每天有数十亿人访问它，他们想要找到关于任何科学、数学、语言、艺术、文化和公司历史的信息。分析句子可知，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是people，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who引导，故填who。6．考查不定冠词。句意：维基百科采用开放编辑模式。model是可数名词，此处泛指“一个开放的编辑模式”，应用不定冠词，open是以元音音素开头，故填an。7．考查副词。句意：只要能上网，任何人都可以免费使用维基百科。修饰形容词available应用副词，故填freely。8．考查名词。句意：毫无疑问，许多维基百科页面包含错误，尽管该组织试图解决其内容审查系统的问题。分析句子及空前的the可知，空处应填名词作从句的主语，organization组织，根据助动词does可知应用名词单数。故填organization。9．考查一般过去时。句意：事实上，《自然》杂志2005年的一份报告发现，它的可靠性仅略低于大英百科全书。由a2005report可知，此处讲述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填found。10．考查名词复数。句意：尽管困难重重，吉米·威尔士说他仍将坚持自己的愿望——“为世界做一些有用的事情。”此处应填名词作介词Despite的宾语，difficulty困难，是可数名词，由these可知应用复数形式。故填difficulties。11．F12．B13．D14．G15．E【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了为什么速滑运动员要佩戴眼镜的问题。11．根据上文“Thereasonsskiersandsnowboardersweargogglesorglassesmightseemalittleobvious,especiallyifyou’veeverhittheslopesyourself.Sunlightreflectedoffthesnowcanmakeithardtosee,andUVrayscanevendamageyoureyesight.Specialcoloredlensesalsocreatecontrast,soyourwholepathwon’tlooklikeoneflatexpanseofwhiteness.(如果你自己也玩过滑雪，滑雪和滑板运动员戴眼镜的原因应该是显而易见的。雪面上反射的阳光会让你睁不开眼，强烈的紫外线甚至可能损害你的视力。此外，特殊的有色眼镜会让你眼中看到的颜色出现反差，整个雪道不会看起来一片白茫茫)”可知，上文提到了有色眼镜的作用，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明有色眼镜的作用。故F选项“更不用说眼镜可以帮你遮风挡雪，防止运动过程中飞溅起的雪跑进你的眼睛里了”符合语境，故选F。12．根据上文“Olympicspeedskaters,meanwhile,areracinginsideonsmoothice.(然而，奥运会的速滑选手是在室内的平滑冰面上比赛的)”可知，上文提到了室内的速滑选手也要佩戴眼镜，且下一段中进行了解释，可知本句为过渡句，提出他们为什么要佩戴眼镜的问题。故B选项“为什么他们也要佩戴眼镜呢？”符合语境，故选B。13．根据上文“AccordingtoNBCOlympics,glassescanincreasevisibilityonindoortracks,too.(据NBC奥运频道报道，佩戴眼镜也可以增强在室内冰场的可视性)”可知，上文提到了佩戴眼镜也可以增强在室内冰场的可视性，故本句继续解释上文，戴眼镜是为了看得更清楚。故D选项“为了看得更清楚，一些速滑选手佩戴的还是有色眼镜”符合语境，故选D。14．根据后文“Shot-trackspeedskaters(whoracearoundaroughly11-metertrack)cangoasfastas30milesperhourormore,andlong-trackspeedskaters(whosetrackis400meterslong)sometimeshitabout35milesperhour.Thewindresistancegeneratedbysuchspeed-inachillyarena—isenoughtomakeanyskater’seyesstartstreamingwithtears.Pictureleaningyourheadoutthewindowofacarthat’sgoingaround35milesperhouronacoldday:You’dprobablywanttobewearingglasses,too.(短道速滑（冰道周长约为111米）选手时速可达30英里（48千米）甚至更高，而速度滑冰（冰道周长为400米）选手时速可达近35英里。在寒冷的场馆内，这样的速度产生的强大风阻足以把运动员的眼睛冻到眼泪汪汪。想象一下大冷天里在一辆行驶时速35英里的汽车内，如果你要把头伸出车窗外，你应该也想戴一副眼镜)”可知，本段的主旨主要是说明佩戴眼镜主要跟速滑时速度过快，风阻过强，所以需要戴眼镜来保护眼睛有关。故G选项“但是速滑选手选择佩戴眼镜最主要的原因可能是与速度有关”符合语境，故选G。15．根据上文“Thatsaid,glassesaren’tarequirement.(尽管如此，速滑比赛并不强制选手佩戴眼镜)”以及后文“Belgium’sStijnDesmet,forexample,hasracedinBeijing2022OlympicWinterGameswithouteyewear,ashasChina’sZhangChutong.(举个例子，比利时选手斯泰恩·德梅和中国选手张楚桐在北京冬奥会上就没有佩戴眼镜)”可知，后文的例子说明了也有选手不佩戴眼镜的情况，故E选项“所以你偶尔也会看到不戴眼镜的速滑选手”符合语境，故选E。16．A17．D18．C19．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍来自爱迪生和达利的启示：临睡状态可激发创造力。16．推理判断题。根据第一段提到了爱迪生和达利偏爱的一个激发创造力的方法“Wakingfromanapexactlyatthepointbeforedeepsleepinanefforttoinspirecreativity.(在深度睡眠前从午睡中醒来，以激发创造力)”和第二段“Edisonheldametalballinhishandsothatifhenoddedoffhewoulddropitandthesoundwouldwakehim.ForDali,itwasakeylandingonaplate.(爱迪生手里拿着金属球为了当他低头时，金属球掉在地上的声音唤醒他。对于达利来说，他拿的是掉在盘子的钥匙)”可知，通过“金属球”和“钥匙”更直观地介绍了这种方法的操作方式，故选A。17．细节理解题。由最后一段第一句话“…thetwilightzonebetweensleepandwakefulness…”可知“thetwilightzone”为半睡半醒状态。故选D。18．词义猜测题。由上文“a“hiddenrule”wouldallowthemtobypassmostofthestepsandgettothesolutionmuchmorequickly.”可知，“隐藏规则”可使他们绕过大多数步骤，更快地找到答案。再结合划线单词所在句“Theresultsshowedthat83percentofthoseintheN1grouphadfoundtheshortcut(结果显示，在N1组中，83%的人找到了theshortcut)”可知，此处划线单词theshortcut指代前文的thehiddenrule“隐藏规则”。

故选C。19．推理判断题。最后一段“Researchersconcludethatthebrainactivitycommontothetwilightzonebetweensleepandwakefulnesssetoffcreativesparks.（研究人员得出结论，睡眠和清醒之间的模糊地带的大脑活动会激发创造力的火花）”可知，研究结果证实临睡状态可激发创造力火花，同时博士的话“ourfindingssuggestthatthereisacreativesweetspotwithinthetwilightzone（我们的发现表明临睡状态确实存在创造力的最有效点）”推知，博士对爱迪生和达利使用的技术的态度是肯定的。故选D。20．D21．A22．C23．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蜜蜂幼虫中，大约有五分之一成长为蜂王，但蜂群只接受一只蜂王，所以一些蜂群必须杀死数千个想成为蜂王的蜜蜂。短文对此现象进行了研究和介绍。20．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段划线词前半句“Butitnowseemsthatitissimplyaresultofthe“selfishness”ofindividuallarvae,(但现在看来，这仅仅是单个幼虫“自私”的结果，)”可知，这种“自私”的结果损害了整个群体。所以tothedetrimentof为“对……造成损害”。故选D。21．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Oliveiraandhiscolleagueswonderedifthebeeschosesomanyqueensinordertospreadthecolony’sDNAintootherhives.(Oliveira和他的同事想知道，蜜蜂是否选择了这么多蜂王，以便将蜂群的DNA传播到其他蜂巢。)”可推断，研究人员要给幼蜂喂食额外的香叶醇是为了验证他们的假设。故选A。22．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thenewstudy“settlesabitofacontroversy”aboutMeliponabees,saysChristophGrueterattheUniversityofBristol,UK.Butitdoesn’tofferanewexplanationforhowthelarvae“decide”tobecomequeens.“Forme,thisisstilloneofthebiggestpuzzlesinbiology.”(英国布里斯托尔大学的ChristophGrueter说，这项新的研究“解决了一些关于无刺蜜蜂的争议”。但这并没有为幼虫如何“决定”成为蜂王提供新的解释。“对我来说，这仍然是生物学中最大的谜题之一。”)”可推断，ChristophGrueter认为这项新研究是不充分的。故选C。23．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Somebeesseemtobeabletochoosewhethertobecomeaworkeroraqueen—butthousandsofcompetitorsforthethrone(王位)arekilledineachhive(蜂巢).(一些蜜蜂似乎能够选择是成为工蜂还是蜂王——但是在每个蜂巢中，成千上万的竞争对手被杀死。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了蜜蜂幼虫中，大约有五分之一成长为蜂王，但蜂群只接受一只蜂王，所以一些蜂群必须杀死数千个想成为蜂王的蜜蜂。故选B。24．A25．D26．D27．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项针对老年痴呆症的重大研究表明，中年时每晚经常睡6小时或更少的人比那些每天睡7小时的人更容易患痴呆症。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及研究人员对此的看法和建议。24．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Researchersfounda30%greaterriskofdementiainthosewhoduringtheir50s,60sand70sconsistentlyhadashortnight'ssleep,regardlessofotherriskfactorssuchasheartconditionandpoormentalhealth.(研究人员发现，无论是否存在心脏病和心理健康状况不佳等其他风险因素，那些在五六十岁和七十岁时夜间睡眠持续不足的人患痴呆症的风险要高出30%)”可知，这篇文章关注的是痴呆的风险因素是睡眠不足。故选A。25．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sabia,anauthorofthestudyattheuniversityofParisandhercolleaguesanalyzedsurveydatafromUniversityCollegeLondon'sWhitehallstudy,whichlaunchedin1985andfollowedthehealthandlifestylesofmorethan10,000Britishvolunteers.(巴黎大学研究报告的作者之一Sabia和她的同事分析了伦敦大学学院白厅研究的调查数据。该研究于1985年启动，跟踪调查了1万多名英国志愿者的健康和生活方式)”可知，法国科学家通过分析以前的调查数据得到研究结果。故选D。26．推理判断题。根据第五段“Thestudydoesnotprovethatsleepingtoolittlecausesdementia,sincesleeplossitselfmaybeoneoftheearliestsymptomsofthedisease.Butsomescientistsbelievetheresultsstrengthenevidencethatcontinuouspoorsleepmayatleastcontributetothedisease.(这项研究并没有证明睡眠太少会导致痴呆，因为睡眠不足本身可能是这种疾病的早期症状之一。但一些科学家认为，该研究结果进一步证明，持续睡眠不佳至少可能导致这种疾病)”可推知，科学家们用谨慎的语气谈论这项研究。故选D。27．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Itstrengthenstheevidencethatpoorsleepinmiddleagecouldcauseorworsendementiainlaterlife,”saidDrLizCoulthard,aconsultantseniorlecturerindementianeurology.“Itmakessensetotakemeasurestoimprovesleepsuchasgoingoutsideduringdaylighthourstohelpmaintainthenaturalrhythmsthatpromotegoodsleep,avoidingtoomuchalcoholorcaffeine,particularlybeforebed,andfindingabedtimeroutinethatworksforyou.”(老年痴呆症神经学高级顾问讲师LizCoulthard博士说：“这进一步证明了中年睡眠不佳可能导致或恶化老年痴呆症。采取措施改善睡眠是有道理的，比如白天外出以保持促进良好睡眠的自然节奏，避免过多的酒精或咖啡因，尤其是在睡前，找到适合自己的就寝时间。”)”可推知，最后一段的目的是提供建议。故选C。高考英语阅读理解热点话题——北京冬奥会Passage1（2021·湖南衡阳·一模）

Beijing,withco－hostZhangjiakouinneighboringHebeiProvince,willhostthe2022WinterOlympics.Thatwillbenefitthecapitalaswellasitsresidents(居民),sothebelowaresomethingtobeexpectedfromtheWinterOlympicGames.BlueskiesItishighlyexpectedthathostingtheWinterOlympicGameswillpushBeijingtoreducepollutionandimprovetheairqualitymoreeffectively.Beijingbegancarryingoutafive－yearplanfrom2013thatcost130billionUSdollarstoupgradeheatingsystems,cutcaremissions(排放)andcloseheavy－pollutingfactories.SucheffortswillnotonlybemadeinBeijingbutinaneighboringHebeiandTianjinaswell,assuggestedbyadevelopmentactionplantointegrate(结合)thethreeplaces.Hopefully,blueskieswillbecomearegularfeatureevenaftertheGames.TransportationAlthoughBeijingisthehostcityofthe2022WinterGames,ChonglicountyofZhangjiakouwillhostsomeofthesnowevents.Thecapitalregionislikelytobenefitfrominvestmentsininfrastructure(基础设施),includingtheBeijing－Zhangjiakouintercityrailways,expansionofBeijingsubwaysystems,upgradedhighwaynetworksandanotherregionalairport.WintersportsBeijing'svisionistodevelopawintersportsmarketformorethan300millionpeopleinnorthernChina.WitharichlegacyleftbythesummerOlympics,Chinaplanstoreuse11of12venuesbuiltforthe2008Olympicsandonlyneedstobuildanewrinkforspeedskating,effectivelyeasingpossibleproblemsoffacilities(设施)beingleft

idle

aftertheGames.Transformation(转变)OnthebackoftheWinterOlympics,theBeijingmunicipalgovernmentislookingatfosteringsports－relatedindustryasanewgrowthdrivertopoweritseconomy.Thegoalistointegrate

theWinterGameswithsustainabledevelopmentplansforthewiderregion,focusingoncleanenergy,greentechnology,andimprovementinecology

andairquality.TourismThecountry'splantodevelopawintersportsindustrywillenhanceZhangjiakou'sreputationasatouristdestinationbyupgradingitstransportationsystemandfacilities,suchashotelsandrestaurants.1．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．HowImportantthe2022WinterGamesIsB．WhatHaveBeenDoneforthe2022WinterGamesC．WhenandWheretoHoldthe2022WinterGamesD．WhattoExpectfromthe2022WinterGames2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“idle”probablymeaninthetext?A．Lazy.

B．Notinuse.C．Notserious.D．Notworkinghard.3．“By2025,around600,000newjobswillappear.”canbeanexamplefor“________”.A．Transportation

B．WintersportsC．Transformation

D．TourismPassage

2（2021·四川省大竹中学高三期中）

Aftermonthsofexpectationandsecrecy,theofficialmascot(吉祥物)ofthe2022WinterOlympicGames—agiantpanda—inspiredcartooncharacter—madeitsfirstpublic

debut

withcheersatBeijing'sShougangIceHockeyArena.Thepandaisnamed“BingDwenDwen”inChinese.Bingmeans“ice”inChinese,whileDwenDwensuggests“healthandcleverness”－characteristicsalsosharedbypandas.PandasareperhapsthemostrecognizedanimalspeciesinChina,organizerssaid.“PandascombineChina'straditionalcultureanditsmodernappearancetogetherwithwintersportselementsinafascinatingimage(形象)thatshowsourgreatexpectationsfortheGamesandshowsthatwewelcometheworld,”saidBeijingMayorChenJining,whoalsoservesasanexecutivepresidentontheorganizingcommittee.“IhavealreadyseenthemascotandfromwhatI'veseen,it’sawonderfulchoice,”IOCPresidentThomasBachsaidbeforeintroducingthecharacter.”“ThemascotreallytakesinthebestelementsandcharacteristicsofChinaandtheChinesepeople.Itwillbeagreatambassador(大使)forthecountryandthe24thWinterOlympics.”Theringoflightsurroundingthemascot’sfaceissuggestiveoficeandsnowtracks,aswellastheflowing“ribbons”oftheNationalSpeedSkatingOval.TheovalisoneoftwonewcompetitionsitesindowntownBeijingexpectedtobecomealandmarkoftheGames,accordingtoitschiefdesignerCaoXue.TheintroductionofthemascotsmarksthekeypointofajourneythatbeganinAugust2018,whenBeijingorganizersstartedaglobaldesigncompetitionforthemascots.Atotalof5,816designswerereceivedfrom35countries,andwerereviewedbyChineseandinternationalexpertsinacomprehensiveevaluationandselectionprocess.ThenewmascotwillserveasspiritedsymboloftheGamesthatwilltakeplaceinthethreezonesofdowntownBeijing,thesuburbandistrictofYanqingandco-hostcityZhangjiakouinsurroundingHebeiprovince.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“debut”

inparagraph1mean?A．Design.

B．Appearance.C．Understanding.

D．Attention.5．WhatdoesBachthinkofthemascot?A．Surprising.

B．Entertaining.C．Satisfying.

D．Interesting.6．What’sparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Theoriginofthemascotimage.B．Theintroductiontothemascotdesigner.C．Thehardworkbehindthemascotdesign.D．Thehiddenmeaningofthemascotimage.7．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheMascotofthe24thWinterOlympicGamesB．AHistoricalMomentoftheWinterOlympicGamesC．BingDwenDwen:aLovelyPandaWelcomestheWorldD．CommentsontheMascotofthe24thWinterOlympicsPassage

3（2021·安徽·六安一中高三期末)TheTokyoSummerOlympicsisgoinggreen.The5,000medalsJapanhasmadearemorespecialthanmost.OnenovelfocusoftheTokyoOlympicsistobe“sustainable”—toavoidusingtoomanynaturalresources,sothatthegamesareeasyontheenvironment.Aspartofthisgoal,theorganizersdecidedtomakealloftheOlympicmedalsoutofmetalrecycledfromoldelectronics.Almostallelectronicsaremadewithsmallamountsof"preciousmetals",likegoldandsilver.Butcollectingenoughofthesemetalstomake5,000medalswasahugechallenge.That'sbecausetheamountofmetalineachdeviceistiny.Itwouldtakeabout20,000cellphonestogetjust1kilogramofgold.BeginninginApril2017,theorganizersplacedcollectionboxesaroundthecountry,andaskedpeopletoturnintheiroldelectronicdevices.Soonpeoplebegantorespondtotheinitiative,turninginsmartphones,digitalcameras,hand-heldgames,andlaptops.Atfirst,collectionwentslowly,butsoonmoreandmoreareasbegantotakepart.Bytheend,1,621localgovernmentshadhelpedoutwiththecollectionprocess.Thencamethejobofbreakingthosedevicesdownintosmallerpieces.Afterbeingtakenapartandsorted,thesmallelectronicsweresmelted(熔炼)togetallthegold,silver,andbronzeelements.Thisisa

tricky

job,whichcallsforcarefulattentionandgoodskill.It'salsodangerous,becausesomeofthemetalsandotherthingsaren'tsafeforpeopletotouchorbreathe.BytheendofMarch,2019,theorganizershadhittheirtargetsofgettingenoughmetalforthemedals.Theyhadcollectedaround3xkilogramsofgold,4,100kilogramsofsilverand2,200kilogramsofbronze.Andnowallthe5,000medalsareavailableforthewould-bewinners.8．WhatcanweknowabouttheTokyoOlympicsmedals?A．Theyarehugelyvaluable.B．Theyareofhighquality.C．Theyaredesigneduniquely.D．Theyaremadefrome-waste.9．WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?A．Thedifficultyofmakingthemedal