八年级寒假预习-8AU2 知识点梳理及语法讲练（学生版）

第4讲Unit2Greatinventionsanddiscoveries

知识点梳理及语法精讲精练

（一）完成单词梳理：

名词:

I.____一发现；发觉2._______探索；勘查3.—一轮子；车轮

济

4.经5._____材料：原料6._______渔网

7.____—战争8._

_____疾病,病9._______习惯

10._______电话11._

______骨头12._______X射线；X光

13.____一奖：奖品14,_------（对不认识男性的尊称）先生；（贵族头衔）爵士

15.____一霉；霉菌16._

_____(pl.)细菌17._______进程；课程

18.____一疟疾19._

_____医学的；医疗的20._______志愿者

21.____―社会主义

动词：

L-----------使激动；使兴奋2医治；治疗3.发现；发觉

4.发明；创造5.颁奖；授予6自愿做；义务做

7.-------------发展：研发8.传播；散布

形容词：

_占代的;

1.____古老的2,_______严重的；严肃的3._一救命的；救生的

4.____—全部地；

整个地5._______宝贵的；有价值的6._______科学的

7.____一重要的

8._—一有创造力的9.________困难的

10.___一成功的

副词：

1.______几乎不；几乎没有

2.全部地；整个地3____成功地

4.______广泛地5._______最近；近来

兼类词：

1.（abbr.）公元前2.（abbr.）公元

3.（adj.）空闲的（v.）抽出；留出4.（n.）进程；课程（v.）奔流；经过

（二）词汇变形小结：

1.discover（v.发现）一（n.发现）—（n.发现者）

2.invent（v.发明）—>（n.发明物）—►（n.发明者）

3,excite（v.使激动）-（adj.感到激动的）一（adj.令人激动的）一

（n.激动）

4.develop（v.发展）—>（n.发展）—>（adj.发达的）—（adj.发展中

的）

5.treat（v.治疗；对待）—>（n.治疗；对待）

6.valuc（v.重视；珍视）-（adj.宝贵的）-（n.估价）

7.succeed（v.成功）—»（n.成功）1（adj.成功的）t（adv.成功

地）

8.science（n.科学）—>（adj.科学的）—（n.科学家）

（三）短语攻关：

1.偶然；意外地2.令其人惊讶的是

3.使……变成4.阻止……做某事

5.保持联系6.使…变亮

7.在……中起重要作用8.改变……的进程

9.使某人能够做某事10.大量；许多

11.在……的帮助下12.被广泛使用

13.导致：引起14.在古代

15.同时16.多亏；由于

17.着手做某事18.将……投入使用

19.以...为例20.产生影响：有作用

课堂检测

一、汉语提示填空（10题）

1.The（发现）ofthenewplanetmadescientistsexcited.

2.Wclearnedabout（古代的）culturesinhistoryclass.

3.Manycountriesstartedusing（公元）asthetimestandard.

4.The（探索）ofthedeepseaneedsadvancedtechnology.

5.The（轮子）isoneofthegreatestinventionsinhistory.

6.Thecountry's（经济）hasgrownrapidlyinrecentyears.

7.This（材料）issafeformakingchildren'stoys.

8.Fishermenusea（渔网）tocatchfishintheriver.

9.Peoplehale（战争）becauseitbringspainanddeath.

lO.His（疾病）madehimmissthefinalexam.

二、首字母填空（10题）

l.Thenewseeveryoneintheclassroom.

2.Sisanimportantpoliticaltheory.

3.It'shishtoreadbooksbeforegoingtobed.

4.1heverwatchTVonschoolnights.

5.Theworkistfinished,sowecanrestnow.

6.AlexanderGrahamBellinventedthet.

7.Sheusedaglassttodothescienceexperiment.

8.ThedoctortookanX-rofmybrokenarm.

9.Thewinnerwillaagoldmedaltomorrow.

10.S,couldyoupleaseshowmethewaytothemuseum?

三、用单词的适当形式填空（10题）

1.The（economy）developmenthasimprovedpeople'slives.

2.Wcneed(material)supporttofinishtheproject.

3.His(excite)madehimspeaklouderthanusual.

4.The(medicine)teamarrivedatthedisasterareaquickly.

5.Sheisa(volunteer)workeratthecommunitycenter.

6.The(bacteria)infectionmadehisfeverworse.

7.The(life-save)operationlastedlor5hours.

8.His(habit)latearrivalmadetheteacherangry.

9.Thc(serious)oftheaccidentsurprisedeveryone.

10.Wekeptin(touch)witheachotherbyphone.

语法讲解：感叹句

1.定义：用于表达强烈的情感（如惊讶、兴奋、赞叹、不满等），通常由What或How引导，句末

用感叹号”!”，口语中常搭配感叹词（Wow/Oh/Hooray等）增强语气。

2.核心结构深度解析:

引导

具体结构注意事项例句（结合单元主题）

词

Whatanimportantinventionthe

What+a/an+形

形容词修饰单数可数名词时，必wheelis!（轮子是一项多么重要的

容词+单数可数

What须加a/an；主语和谓语可省略发明啊！）Whatabrilliantdiscovery

名词+（主语+谓

（尤其口语中）penicillinis!（青霉素是一项多么了

语）！

不起的发现啊！）

Whatusefultoolstheseare!（这些是

What+形容词+形容词修饰可数名词复数，不加

多么实用的工具啊!）Whatamazing

What可数名词复数a/an：主语和谓语为复数形式

scientiststheyare!（他们是多么了

+（主语+谓语）！（可省略）

不起的科学家啊！）

Whatvaluableknowledgeitis!（这

What+形容词+

不可数名词前无a/an,土语和调是多么宝贵的知识啊！）Whatrapid

What不可数名词

语为单数形式（可省略）developmentithasmade!（它取得了

+（主语+谓语）！

多么迅速的发展啊！）

Howusefultheinternetis!（互联网

How+形容词How直接修饰形容词，后接完整多么有用啊！）Howexcitingthe

How

+（主语+谓语）！的主谓结构（主谓可省略）inventionis!（这项发明多么令人兴

奋啊！）

HowcarcfiillyTuYouyoudidthe

How+副词+（主HQW直接修饰副词，强调动作的

Howexperiment!(屠呦呦做实验多么认

语+谓语）！方式或程度

真啊!)Howquicklythenew

引导

具体结构注意事项例句（结合单元主题）

词

technologyspreads!（这项新技术传

播得多么快啊！）

3.易混点区分：

What修饰名词(短语)，How修饰形容词或副词，核心区别看“中心词”：中心词是名词用

What,是形容词/副词用How。

易错结构转换：So+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句=What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词

+(主语+谓语)!(如:Sousefulamachineitis!=WhatauscRilmachineitis!)

避免冗余：感叹句中不可同时用多个感叹号，且主谓结构可根据语境省略(简洁自然)。

4.语境应用技巧：

描述发明/发现的重要性:用What+(a/an)+形容词+名词!(如：Whatanamazinginvention!)

赞叹科学家的努力：用How+形容词/副词+主谓！(如：Howhardtheyworked!)

口语中加强语气：加感叹词开头(如：Wow!Whatagreatdiscovery!)

课堂检测：

一、用What或How填空，完成感叹句

1.importanttheinventionofpaperis!

2.acleverscientistEdisonwas!

3.usefulknowledgewecangetfromtheexperiment!

4.quicklythecomputerhasdeveloped!

5.amazingdiscoveriestheseare!

6.awonderfulexperienceitistovisitthesciencemuseum!

7.braveTuYouyouwastotestthemedicineonherself!

8.interestingthestoriesbehindgreatinventionsarc'

二、单项选择

1.一Haveyouseenthenewdrone?Itcancarry5kggoods!

powerfulitis!

A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa

2.greatprogressChinesescientistshavemadeinspacetechnology!

A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa

3.—Thenewrobotcanhelpwithhouseworkandworkinfactories.

—usefulinventionitis!

A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa

4.carefullytheresearchersarcdoingtheexperiment!Theywanttoavoidmistakes.

A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa

5.—Wevisitedthelahwherepenicillinwasdiscovered.

-interestingtripitwas!

A.WhatB.HowC.WhatanD.Howan

三、句型转换(改为感叹句)

1.Themobilephoneisveryconvenient.(用How改写)

2.Itisameaningfuldiscovery.(用What改写)

3.Scientistsworkveryhardtodevelopnewtechnologies.(用Ilow改写)

4,TheArabicnumbersystemisveryuseful.(用What改写)

综合训练：

一、语篇词转

Passage1

Aswewelcomethe2026YearoftheHorse,manypeopleareinterestedin(ancient)Chinese

traditions.Anew(discover)abouthorsecultureintheHanDynastyhasdrawnpublicattention.The

(explore)ofaHantombshowedthathorsesplayedakeyroleinthe(economy)development

then.Peopleusedhorse-drawncartswithwooden(wheel)tocarrygoods.

Passage2

In2026,China'sdeep-seasubmersiblecompletedanewmission.The(explore)work

collectedrareseasamples.Scientistsstudiedthe(material)ofthesesamplestolearnaboutocean

life.Thesuccessofthemissionhasapositiveeftectonthecountry'smarine(economy).Italso

bringsnew(excite)tooceanresearch.

二、单项选择

1.deliciouslocalfoodIlltryifIvisityourhometown!

A.HowB.WhatC.HowaD.Whata

2.Wellhaveaschooltripnextweek.greatnewsitis!

A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa

3._greatsurprisetoseeanewJiaLinginthefilmYOLO(《热辣滚烫》)!

―Ofcourse.Ihaveneverseenexcellentfilmbefore.

A.Whata;soanB.Whata;suchanC.How;suchanD.How;so

4._!Thanksalot.

A.Whatagoodadvice;WithpleasureB.Howgoodadvices;Mypleasure

C.Whatgoodadvice;It'sapleasureD.Howagoodadvice;You'rewelcome

5._fiinwehadatthepartylastnight!

一Yes.ItwasexcitingpartythatIwouldneverforgetit.

A.Whata;soB.How;suchC.What;suchanD.Howa;soan

6.itwasthattheboywasridinghisbikeatfullspeedacrossthebusystreet!

A.WhatadangeroussceneB.Whatdangerousscene

C.HowadangeroussceneD.Howdangerousscene

7.news!Tomhaswontherace.

A.Whatexcited;800metres5B.Whatexciting;800-metre

C.Howexcited;800-metreD.Howexciting;800metres'

8.—HaveyouheardthatChina'sexplorer(探测器)haslandedinMars?

一Really?excitingnews!

A.WhatB.HowC.WhatanD.Howan

9.一Sally,youhavebeeninChinafbrnearly15years.Whatdoyouthinkofit?

—differentthelifeistodayfromitusedtobe!

A.How;whatB.What;whatC.How;thatD.What;that

10._undergroundcave!

—Yes,theReedFluteCaveisofGuilin.

A.What;proudB.How;theprideC.Whata;proudD.Whatan;thepride

三、选词填空

从方框中选择合适的单词填入空格内使文章完整，有两项为多余选项。

A.applyB.towarnC.tohelpD.noticedE.congratulationsF.inventedG.hoped

17-year-oldShantanuGangwar]aproblem.Blindstudentsatschoolhadahardtimemoving

around.Theywishedtohaveasmartmachine2themabouttheobjectsintheirway,soShantanu

decidedtomakesomethingtohelp.

He3asmartwalkingstick.Itcansenseobjectsnearbyandshaketowarntheuser.

Shantanuwonanawardandreceivedmany4fbrhisinvention.However,hewantedtodoiteven

better.Healsohopedto5ittoreallifeafterfinishinghighschool.uWecanproducealotofthesesticks

andhelpmoreblindpeople,“hesaid.

四、语法选择

Passagel

请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出

一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。

Theumbrellaisauscfiilinvention.Itisaverycommonthingin]dailylives.Ithasalonghistory

inChina.Therearemanystoriesabouttheinventionoftheumbrella.2mostpopularoneisaboutLu

Ban.

Oneday,LuBanandhissisterwantedtovisittheWestLake,3itsuddenlyrainedhard.The

sistersaid,"It'sapitythatwccan'tvisittheWestLakeonrainydays.Whynothaveacompetition?”They

decided4awaytosolvetheproblembeforesunrisetomorrow.

LuBanthoughtitwaseasy.Hesaidtohimself;Twillbuildenoughpavilions（亭子）Sohespent

thewholenight5tenpavilionsaroundthelake.Hethoughthewassuretobeathissister.

Thenextmorning,whenLuBanwastalkingproudlyabouthiswork,hissister6.Shewasholding

somethingspecialinherhand.Sheopenedit.Itwasroundandmadeofsilkandbamboostrips.Itwaslight

andbeautiful.Peoplecouldcanyit7.LuBanwassurprisedandsaid,“Youwin.Your'pavilion'is

much8thanmine.,,Thatwasthefirstumbrella.

Later,paperwithtungoil（桐油）wasusedinstead9silk.Theumbrellabecamecommonfbr

peopletouse.10_interestingthestorywas!

1.A.usB.ourC.ours

2.A.AB.AnC.The

3.A.becauseB.althoughC.but

4.A.tofindB.findingC.find

5.A.buildB.buildingC.tobuild

6.A.comeB.comesC.came

7.A.easilyB.easyC.easier

8.A.goodB.wellC.better

9.A.toB.ofC.for

10.A.HowB.Whatc.Whata

Passage!

根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案

标号涂黑。

In2025,alotofstudentsinChongqingtakepartinAIcourses（人工智能课程）.Itisanewand

interestingexperiencefbrthem.LiHua]interestedinAIpainting.Lastweek,hejoined2AI

paintinggame,anditwasveryinteresting.

“TheAIpaintingiswonder矶“LiHuasays.uIjustneedtotype（输入）somesimplewords,andthe

AIcancreatebeautifulpictures.It'smuch3thanotherpaintings.MHisartteacher,Tom,thinksAIhelps

peoplealot,but4alsosays,“Studentsshouldpractisepaintingontheirowntoo.AIisonlyatool,_5

itcan'ttaketheplaceof（替代）ourownskills?,

LiHua6usesAlinEnglishstudy.HesaysAlhelpshim7hisEnglishwriting.Lastmonth,

heandhisclassmatesusedAItcmakeashortvideo.They8manygoodideaswithAl'shelp,andtheir

videowonthe9prize.

Recently,LiHualearnedAIhelpsfarmersplantbamboo."It'ssointeresting10aboutAI,“he

says."IwanttoknowmoreaboutAIlater.”

1.A.isB.arcC.am

2.A.aB.anC.the

3.A.fastB.fasterC.fastest

4.A.sheB.theyC.he

5.A.althoughB.orC.so

6.A.alsoB.tooC.either

7.A.withB.onC.at

8.A.getB.getsC.got

9.A.firstB.oneC.two

10.A.leamB.tolearnC.learning

四、完形填空

AnewtransportationdevicecalledtheSegway（平衡车）wasreportedtohavebeenusefbr

quiteawhile.Itsinventorcalledittheworld'sfirstself-balancingindividualtransportvehiclefbrshort

distancetravel.

TheSegwaylookslikealargestickwithtwowheels.Thewheelsarc2toaplatform（站板）.The

stickhashandlesfbrape