2026届高三英语一轮复习阅读理解：自然灾害+专项训练

主题语境——自然灾害专项训练训练1Ⅰ阅读理解AHurlen-Patanounzippedherjacket,pulledoutherphone,andmadeacall,“Bringhelp!”Thatmorning,KenScottbumpedintohisfriendRebeccaHurlen-PatanoinSilverMountainResort.Theynoticedthatthe6200-footWardnerPeak,hometothechallengingexpert-levelroute,wasnowopen.Ithadbeenclosedallseasonoverconcernsaboutanavalanche,suddenfallofamassofsnow.“Let’sgoforit!”Hurlen-Patanoproposed.Almostimmediatelytheytookofffromthatpeak,thesnowbeneathgaveway.Inamillisecond,“Avalanche!”sheyelledatScott.Hurlen-Patanohadendeduppartiallyburiedandmanagedtopullherselfout.Shelookeduphilltowhereshe’dlastseenScottandshoutedhisname.Noresponse.Thenshemadethecall.Wordspreadquickly,andsoonprofessionalrescuersandskierswereheadingtotheavalanchesitewithtools.Likeacommander,Hurlen-Patanostayedcalmandpointedoutpossibleplaces.Rescuersformedalinealongtheslope,andpositionedtheirten-footpolesdownintothedeepsnow,hopingtohitandlocatetheburiedskier.Undertheweightofthesnow,Scottwastotallyimmobile,andhecouldn’texpandhischestenoughtotakeafullbreath.Heknewdeathwasjustamatteroftime,butthiswasnotthewayhewantedtodie.Hefoughttostayoptimisticbyfocusingonbreathing.Butagroupofhisclosefriendswhohadlosttheirlivesinanavalancheemergedinhismind.Thenafeelingofwarmthstruckhimandheknewitwasasignofhypothermia(体温过低).“I’mgoingtojointhem.”Thekey30-minutesurvivaltimehadcomeandgone.Hefeltaslightpressure.Heanxiouslyprayedtofeelitagain.Aminutepassed,thentwo.Nothing.Theonlyflashofhopedisappeared.Hefelthimselffadingaway.Suddenly,thepressureonhisbodyseemedtobechanging.Hestartedshouting,hopinganyonestandingabovewouldhear.Fiveminuteslater,hebreathedinfreshairdeeplyandsawtheskyaboveagain.()1.WhydidHurlen-Patanocallforhelp?A.Becausesheforecastthatanaturaldisasterwouldhappen.B.Becauseshegotinjuredandneededtoberushedtothehospital.C.Becauseshelocatedanavalanchevictimwhoneededtreatment.D.Becauseshenoticedherfriendtrappedinanunexpecteddisaster.()2.WhatcanwelearnaboutScottwhenhewascoveredbythesnow?A.Hewaitedforrescuewithoutmotion.B.Hestayedpositivefromstarttofinish.C.Heprayedforthestoppingofthesnow.D.Hesqueezedhimselftogetsomewarmth.()3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.RescuersfoundScottduetoHurlen-Patano’spreciselocation.B.WardnerPeakwasonceclosedforthelikelihoodofadisaster.C.TheavalanchehappenedrightafterScottfinishedhischosenroute.D.Rescueworkwascompletedsmoothlywithintheidealsurvivaltime.()4.WhichexpressionbestdescribesbothScottandHurlen-Patano?A.Calmcommanders.B.Optimisticprayers.C.Experiencedskiers.D.Decisiverescuers.BAroundtheworld,riversseemtoberaging.WhilecatastrophicfloodingofPakistan’srivershaslefttensofmillionswithouthomes,adroughtunseenfor500yearshassqueezedEurope’smajorwaterwaysalmostdry.Thereislittledisagreementaboutwhat’sgoingon:climatechangeiscausingbothrainfallanddroughtstointensify.Thequestionnowishowtomanagethoseclimate-changedwaterwaysand,specifically,whatroledamsshouldplayinmitigating(缓和)thekindsofdisasters.Advocatessaywaterstoragedamswillbecomemoreessentialasbuffers(缓冲物)againstextremewaterflowsbyabsorbingwaterduringfloodingandreleasingitintimesofdrought.Dams,theysay,canhelpcombatclimatechangebyproducingrenewablehydropower(水电)thatiscleanerthanfossilfuelenergy.However,criticismshavelongcentredonthenegativeimpactmostdamshaveonbiodiversityandriverecosystems.Notonlydothevastamountsofconcreteusedtobuildlargedamsleavehugecarbonfootprints,thereisalsomuchevidencethatgreenhousegasemissionsfromdamsareoftenfargreaterthanpreviouslythought.Increasinglyascientificcaseisalsobeingmadethatdamsactuallyworsenbothfloodsanddroughts.Now,moredamdevelopersareturningto“run-of-river”technology,inwhichtheriver’swaterflowscontinuouslythroughahydropowerstationwithoutareservoirtostoreit.Suchprojectsaregenerallyconsideredmoreenvironmentallyfriendly,buttheydonotallowwatertobemanagedaccordingtoweatherconditions.Thentherearethosewhosayweshouldstayawayfromdams,andlookforwaysusingnature-basedsolutions.Manyecologistssaythatprotectingwetlands,forexample,shouldbeapriority,sincethoseecosystemsactasnaturalsponges(海绵)forfloodwaterswithinariverbasin.“Wehaveturnedriverbasinsintoeconomicmachinesthatonlyservepeopleandnotnature,andthiscreatesmoreproblems,likedroughtsandflooding,”saysHermanWanningen,thefounderoftheadvocacygroupDamRemovalEurope.“Wehavetolearntocooperatewithnatureandnotagainstitanymore.”()5.Whydocriticsopposetheconstructionofdams?A.Itmayproduceoppositeeffect.B.Itdestroyslocalecosystems.C.Itneedsalargeamountofconcrete.D.Itgivesoffharmfulgases.()6.Whatcanwesayaboutthe“run-of-river”projects?A.Economical. B.Inflexible.C.Fruitless. D.Popular.()7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Damshavelonglosttheirfunctionasbuffers.B.Protectingwetlandisaonce-and-for-allsolution.C.Floodinganddroughtscanhelppromotetheeconomy.D.Thestartingpointofoursolutionshouldservenature.()8.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.Buildingmoredams:awayout?B.Disasterrelief:workingwithnatureC.Dams’traditionalrole:prosandconsD.Worseningclimatechange:takeaction!Ⅱ阅读七选五Unlikeothernaturaldisasterssuchashurricanes,earthquakesareveryhardtoseecoming,evenforscientists.1.Thus,specificpracticesforearthquakepreparednessarenecessary.Herearefourstepsyoucantaketoprepareyourselfinadvance.

Drop,coverandhold.Ifyoufeelthegroundstarttoshake,drop,takecoverunderapieceoffurniture,andholdon.Youcanhideundersomethinglikeadeskortable,withonearmholdingontoalegofthetableandyourotherarmprotectingyourneckandhead.2.Inmodernhomes,itisnostrongerthananyotherpartofthehouseandwillnotprotectyoufrominjury.

Makeafamilyplan.3.Createameetingpoint—somewhereeasyforeveryonetoremember,oryoucouldalsomeetathome.Whateverplanyoudecideon,don’trelyonyourphoneasyourmainformofcommunication.Technologyfailsallthetimeindisasters.AmajorearthquakeinCalifornia,forexample,damagedcelltowersandknockedoutcommunicationservicesfordays.

Secureyourfurniture.Thosehangingshelvesaboveyourbedcouldbeadangerduringanearthquake.Peopleoftengetinjuredfrom“flyingorfallingobjects”likefurnitureorglassduringearthquakes.Soexamineyourhomeandaskyourself,“Whatcouldbeapotentialdangertomysafety?”4.

Makedigitalcopiesofimportantdocuments.Importantdocumentsmaygetdestroyedduringearthquakes.Therefore,scanortakephotosofyourimportantdocuments,suchasyourlicence,financialrecordsandinsurancepolicyinformation.5.Thisstepcanhelpensureyourdocumentswillbeavailableevenifyourcomputerislostinaquake.

A.Thensendthemtoyoure-mail.B.Theseareallimportantpersonaldocuments.C.Makesureyourhouseholdhasaplanofaction.D.Whateveryoudo,donotstandinadoorframe.E.Ifyoufindtheanswer,youneedtorunawayimmediately.F.Nowadaysearlydetectionsystemscanonlygivesecondsofwarningahead.G.Ifpossible,removethoseheavyandbigobjectsaboveyourbedimmediately.Ⅲ应用文写作假定你是李华,昨天你校邀请了参与扑灭湖南森林大火的消防员代表来学校做报告,请你写一篇报道,内容包括:1.讲座的目的;2.讲座的内容;3.同学们的反响。注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

训练2Ⅰ完形填空WhenJimGrantspottedblacksmokecomingoutofabuildingonhiswaytowork,he1hiscartocall911.Thenhe2aU-turn,circlingbacktotakeanotherlook.

Pullinguptothebuilding,Grantsawflames(火焰)shootingoutofasecond-floorwindow.Notseeingorhearinganyfireengines3,Grantrushedtoaside4andranupthestairs.

Onthesecondfloor,he5everyapartmentdoor.“Getout!”Grantshouted.Noone6andheassumedthatpeoplehadalready7.Reachingtheendofthehallway,though,Grant8ahalf-opendoor.Hekickeditwideopen,findinga9womaninawheelchairwithalittleboyandatinybaby.“Let’s10!”hescreamed.Thewomanlookedathiminconfusionandsaidsomethingaboutchangingherclothes.Grantdidn’twait.Clutching(抓牢)thebabytohischestand11theboyalongside,Grantrandownthehallway.Whenhewas12outside,theonly13insightwasapoliceman.Granttoldhimaboutthe14andtheyrushedintothesmokybuilding.

Thankstothem,afamilywassavedfromthefire.Grantandthepolicemanwerehonouredfortheir15.

()1.A.drove B.stoppedC.reached D.abandoned()2.A.saw B.madeC.missed D.crossed()3.A.burning B.leavingC.approaching D.waiting()4.A.entrance B.roadC.building D.window()5.A.locked B.kickedC.counted D.repaired()6.A.agreed B.caredC.responded D.understood()7.A.arrived B.returnedC.hidden D.escaped()8.A.skipped B.closedC.noticed D.remembered()9.A.frightened B.curiousC.patient D.grateful()10.A.turnback B.goupC.getout D.liedown()11.A.following B.draggingC.examining D.passing()12.A.safely B.secretlyC.suddenly D.previously()13.A.witness B.guideC.service D.help()14.A.woman B.doorC.car D.baby()15.A.wisdom B.generosityC.honesty D.courageⅡ语法填空ChinaDaily—Feb.9,2023.CivilianrescueworkersacrossthenationarerushingtojoinChina’sofficialrescueteamtofind1.(survive)fromtheruinsofdestroyedbuildingsinTürkiye,hitbyamajorearthquakeof7.8magnitudeonMonday,Feb.6th.

The2.(power)earthquakecausedsevereandwidespreaddestructionanddamageinTürkiyeandneighbouringSyriaat4:17amlocaltimeonMonday,followedbyhundredsofaftershocks,3.(claim)morethan11,000livesinthetwonationsasofWednesday.

Manycivilianteamsactivelyjoinedrescuework4.ChinaincreaseditsaidtoTürkiyeandneighbouringSyria.AmongthecivilianteamsthatleftforTürkiyeonWednesday5.(be)BlueSkyRescue,anon-profitChinesecivilianorganization,6.memberscomefromprovincial-levelregionsofChina.Besides,China’s82-memberofficialrescueteam,withlargeamountsofdisasterreliefmaterialsandequipment7.board,landedinAdanainsouthernTürkiyeat4:30amlocaltimeonWednesday.TheChineseteam,withcertificationfromtheUN,8.(comprise)high-qualityandwell-equippedpersonnelwiththecapacitytocarryoutsearchandrescueoperations9.(efficient)atthesametimeintwolocations.OverseasbranchesofChinesecompaniesarealsolendingahelpinghand.ChinesemachinerygiantXuzhouConstructionMachineryGrouphasassigneditsbranchinTürkiyetojointhereliefefforts,withdozensofpiecesofequipment10.(station)tohelpintherescuework.

Ⅲ读后续写阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Whenatornado(龙卷风)toucheddowninasmalltownnearby,manyfamilieswereleftcompletelyruined.Afterwardsallthelocalwebsitescarriedmanyhuman-intereststoriesfeaturingsomeofthefamilieswhosufferedthehardest.OneSunday,aparticularpictureespeciallytouchedme.Ayoungwomanstoodinfrontofanentirelyshattered(破碎的)mobilehome,adepressedexpressiononherface.Ayoungboy,sevenoreightyearsold,stoodatherside,eyesdowncast.Clutching(紧握)atherskirtwasatinygirlwhostaredintothecamera,eyeswidewithconfusionandfear.Thearticlethatwentwiththepicturegavetheclothingsizesofeachfamilymember.Withgrowinginterest,Inoticedthattheirsizescloselymatchedours.Thiswouldbeagoodopportunitytoteachmychildrentohelpthoselessfortunatethanthemselves.Istuckthepictureoftheyoungfamilyonourrefrigerator,explainingtheirdifficultytomyseven-year-oldtwins,BradandBrett,andtothree-year-oldMeghan.“Thesepoorpeoplenowhavenothing,”Isaid.“We’llsharewhatwehavewiththem.”Ibroughtthreelargeboxesdownfromtheroomupstairsandplacedthemonthelivingroomfloor.Meghanwatchedseriously,astheboysandIfilledoneoftheboxeswithcannedgoodsandfoods.WhileIsortedthroughourclothes,Iencouragedtheboystogothroughtheirtoysanddonatesomeoftheirlessfavouritethings.Meghanwatchedquietlyastheboyspiledupoldtoysandgames.MeghanwalkedupwithLucy,herworn,much-lovedragdollhuggedtightlytoherchest.Shecametotheboxthatheldthetoys,pressedherroundlittlefaceintoLucy’sflat,paintedface,gaveherafinalkiss,andthenlaidhergentlyontopoftheothertoys.“Oh,honey,”Isaid.“Youdon’thavetogiveLucy.Youlovehersomuch.”Meghannoddedseriously,eyesfilledwithheld-backtears.“Lucymakesmehappy,mummy.Maybeshe’llmakethatotherlittlegirlhappy,too.”注意:续写词数应为150个左右。Paragraph1:Theboyshadwatched,open-mouthed,astheirbabysisterplacedherfavouritedollinthebox.

Paragraph2:Ilookedatmychildrenforalongmoment.

答案训练1ⅠA文章大意：这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Hurlen-Patano和Scott在WardnerPeak遭遇雪崩以及众人对Scott展开营救的故事。1.D细节理解题。根据第四段“Almostimmediatelytheytookofffromthatpeak,thesnowbeneathgaveway.”以及第五段“Shelookeduphilltowhereshe’dlastseenScottandshoutedhisname.Noresponse.Thenshemadethecall.”可知,Hurlen-Patano打电话求救是因为朋友被困在雪里了。故选D。2.A细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“Undertheweightofthesnow,Scottwastotallyimmobile,andhecouldn’texpandhischestenoughtotakeafullbreath.”可知,Scott动弹不了,只能静静地等待救援。故选A。3.B细节理解题。根据第二段“Theynoticedthatthe6200-footWardnerPeak,hometothechallengingexpert-levelroute,wasnowopen.Ithadbeenclosedallseasonoverconcernsaboutanavalanche,suddenfallofamassofsnow.”可知,WardnerPeak曾因为可能会发生雪崩而关闭。故选B。4.C推理判断题。根据第六段“Likeacommander,Hurlen-Patanostayedcalmandpointedoutpossibleplaces.”以及倒数第三段“Hefoughttostayoptimisticbyfocusingonbreathing…Thenafeelingofwarmthstruckhimandheknewitwasasignofhypothermia(体温过低).”可知,Hurlen-Patano和Scott能根据当时的情况做出判断,由此可判断他们是有经验的滑雪者。故选C。B文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。气候变化正在导致降雨和干旱加剧,本文主要讨论了建造大坝是否是解决这类灾害的出路。5.A细节理解题。根据第三段中“However,criticismshavelongcentredonthenegativeimpactmostdamshaveonbiodiversityandriverecosystems.Notonlydothevastamountsofconcreteusedtobuildlargedamsleavehugecarbonfootprints,thereisalsomuchevidencethatgreenhousegasemissionsfromdamsareoftenfargreaterthanpreviouslythought.Increasinglyascientificcaseisalsobeingmadethatdamsactuallyworsenbothfloodsanddroughts.”可知,批评者反对建造大坝是因为它可能会产生和预期相反的效果。故选A。6.B推理判断题。根据第四段中“Suchprojectsaregenerallyconsideredmoreenvironmentallyfriendly,buttheydonotallowwatertobemanagedaccordingtoweatherconditions.”可知,径流式项目不允许根据天气情况来调节水量,故这些项目不够灵活。故选B。7.D推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Wehaveturnedriverbasinsintoeconomicmachinesthatonlyservepeopleandnotnature,andthiscreatesmoreproblems,likedroughtsandflooding…”及“Wehavetolearntocooperatewithnatureandnotagainstitanymore.”可推知,我们的解决方案的出发点应该是为自然服务。故选D。8.A主旨大意题。根据全文内容并结合第一段中“Thequestionnowishowtomanagethoseclimate-changedwaterwaysand,specifically,whatroledamsshouldplayinmitigating(缓和)thekindsofdisasters.”可知,气候变化正在导致降雨和干旱加剧,本文讨论了建造大坝是否是解决这类灾害的出路,故A项(建造更多的大坝:这是一条出路吗?)适合作为文章标题。Ⅱ文章大意：本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了防范地震的四个重要的方法。1.F前文“Unlikeothernaturaldisasterssuchashurricanes,earthquakesareveryhardtoseecoming,evenforscientists.”提到地震很难预测。后文“Thus,specificpracticesforearthquakepreparednessarenecessary.”说提前采取防范措施很有必要。结合选项,F项“如今,早期探测系统只能提前几秒发出预警。”承上启下,衔接前句,同时解释“防范措施有必要”的原因,符合语境。故选F。2.D根据后文“Inmodernhomes,itisnostrongerthananyotherpartofthehouseandwillnotprotectyoufrominjury.”中的it可知,空处应为it的指代对象。结合选项,D项“无论你做什么,都不要站在门框里。”中的doorframe符合语境。故选D。3.C根据小标题“Makeafamilyplan.”和后文“Createameetingpoint—somewhereeasyforeveryonetoremember,oryoucouldalsomeetathome.”可知,本段主要探讨应该做一个家庭计划与预案。结合选项,C项“确保你的家庭有一个行动计划。”照应标题,符合本段的中心主旨。故选C。4.G根据小标题“Secureyourfurniture.”以及前文“Peopleoftengetinjuredfrom‘flyingorfallingobjects’likefurnitureorglassduringearthquakes.”可知,本段主要讲的是房间中的易掉落物品可能会在地震中伤到人。结合选项,G项“如果可能的话,立即移走你的床上方那些又重又大的东西。”符合文意,逻辑一致。故选G。5.A根据后文“Thisstepcanhelpensureyourdocumentswillbeavailableevenifyourcomputerislostinaquake.”可知,空处应该有thisstep的具体所指,故A项“然后把它们发到你的电子邮箱。”符合语境。故选A。ⅢOnepossibleversion:Inordertoraisetheawarenessoffiresafety,ourschoolinvitedtwofirefighterrepresentativeswhowereinvolvedinputtingouttheforestfireinHunantogiveusaspeechyesterday.Thespeechlastedthreehours,duringwhichthefirefighterstoldustheirstoriesintheworkandatthesametimetaughtussomeeffectiveskillsandessentialknowledgethatcansaveliveswhenfirebreaksout.Allofthestudentslistenedattentivelyandweremovedtotearsbytheirselflessnessanddevotion.Afterthisspeech,manystudentsmasteredthebasicfiresafetyknowledgeandhadmorerespectforthefirefighters.训练2Ⅰ文章大意：这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了格兰特在上班的路上发现一栋大楼着火,并且帮忙救人的故事。1.B当吉姆·格兰特在上班的路上发现一栋大楼冒出黑烟时,他停下车拨打911报警。drive驾驶;stop停下来;reach到达;abandon抛弃。故选B。2.B他掉过车头,绕回来再看了一眼。see看;make做;miss错过;cross横过。固定短语makeaU-turn意为“掉头”。故选B。3.C分析可知,火焰已经从二楼喷出来,并且格兰特从侧门跑上楼去救火,由此推测消防车没来,此处approaching表示“接近”,符合题意,故选C。burn燃烧;leave离开;approach接近;wait等待。4.A解析参考上题。entrance入口;road路;building楼;window窗户。故选A。5.B根据上文可知,格兰特冲上楼去救火,所以踢门是为了看里面是否有人。故选B。lock锁上;kick踢;count计算;repair修理。6.C根据noone可知,没有人回应,他以为人们已经逃走了。agree同意;care在意;respond回应;understand理解。故选C。7.D解析参考上题。arrive到达;return返回;hide藏;escape逃离。故选D。8.C然而,到达走廊尽头时,格兰特注意到一扇半开的门。skip跳过;close关闭;notice注意到;remember记得。故选C。9.A分析可知,发生了火灾,所以女人是害怕的,故选A。frightened害怕的;curious好奇的;patient耐心的;grateful感谢的。10.C分析可知,格兰特找到了被困人员,所以要带他们出去,故选C。turnback返回;goup上升;getout出去;liedown躺下。11.B分析可知,他要救他们出去,所以要拖着男孩跑出去,故选B。follow跟随;drag拖;examine测试;pass通过。12.A分析可知,格兰特把被困人员救了出来,所以是安全地到达了外面,故选A。safely安全地;secretly秘密地;suddenly突然地;previously以前。13.D分析可知,视线内唯一能帮他的是名警察,故选D。witness目击者;guide指南;service服务;help有帮助的人。14.A分析可知,格兰特把婴儿和男孩救出来了,女人还没有出来,所以他告诉警察那个女人还在里面,故选A。woman女人;door门;car车;baby婴儿。15.D多亏了他们,这家人才从火灾中获救。格兰特和警察因他们的勇气而