人教版八年级下册英语期末复习句型转换专项练习

人教版八年级下册英语期末复习句型转换专项练习同学们，句型转换是英语学习中的一项基本技能，也是期末考试的重要考查内容。它不仅要求我们对词汇、语法有扎实的掌握，还需要我们具备灵活运用语言的能力。这份专项练习旨在帮助大家系统梳理八年级下册常见的句型转换类型，掌握解题方法，提升解题技巧，为期末考试做好充分准备。一、考点梳理与方法指导在八年级下册的学习中，我们接触到的句型转换主要包括以下几种类型，每种类型都有其特定的转换规律和技巧：1.陈述句变否定句核心方法：*be动词/情态动词后加not：这是最直接的方法。如果句子中含有be动词（am,is,are,was,were）或情态动词（can,may,must,should,would等），直接在这些词后面加上“not”即可。例如：Sheisastudent.→Sheisnotastudent./Hecanswim.→Hecannot(can't)swim.*实义动词前加助动词否定式(don't/doesn't/didn't)：如果句子的谓语是实义动词，且没有be动词或情态动词，那么我们需要根据主语的人称和时态，在实义动词前加上相应的助动词否定形式，并将实义动词恢复为原形。例如：TheyplayfootballeverySunday.→Theydon'tplayfootballeverySunday.(一般现在时，主语非三单)/HeplaysfootballeverySunday.→Hedoesn'tplayfootballeverySunday.(一般现在时，主语三单，注意动词plays变回原形play)/Shewenttotheparkyesterday.→Shedidn'tgototheparkyesterday.(一般过去时)2.陈述句变一般疑问句核心方法：*be动词/情态动词提前：将句中的be动词或情态动词提到主语之前，句末用问号，句首字母大写，句末的句号改为问号。例如：Sheisastudent.→Issheastudent?/Hecanswim.→Canheswim?*借助助动词(do/does/did)提前：对于实义动词作谓语的句子，需要在主语前加助动词do,does（用于一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数）或did（用于一般过去时），原来的谓语动词要变回原形。例如：TheyplayfootballeverySunday.→DotheyplayfootballeverySunday?/HeplaysfootballeverySunday.→DoesheplayfootballeverySunday?/Shewenttotheparkyesterday.→Didshegototheparkyesterday?*注意：第一人称在问句中通常要改为第二人称，如：Iam...→Areyou...?My...→Your...?3.对划线部分提问(变特殊疑问句)核心方法：*确定疑问词：根据划线部分所表示的内容，选择合适的特殊疑问词。如：问事物用what，问人用who/whom，问地点用where，问时间用when/whattime，问原因用why，问方式/程度用how，问数量用howmany/howmuch，问年龄用howold等。*构成疑问语序：将第一步确定的疑问词置于句首，然后再将原句变为一般疑问句的语序（即将be动词、情态动词或助动词提前）。如果划线部分是句子的主语或主语的一部分，则只需用疑问词替换划线部分，其余部分保持陈述语序。*例如：*Tomisplayingbasketball.(划线部分是动作)→WhatisTomdoing?*Shegoestoschoolbybike.(划线部分是方式)→Howdoesshegotoschool?*Theywillmeetattheschoolgate.(划线部分是地点)→Wherewilltheymeet?*Fivestudentsareintheclassroom.(划线部分是主语，指人且数量)→Howmanystudentsareintheclassroom?4.陈述句变感叹句核心方法：*由what引导：What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+(主语+谓语)!注意：如果名词是可数复数或不可数名词，则不用a/an。*Sheisabeautifulgirl.→Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!*Theyarecleverchildren.→Whatcleverchildrentheyare!*Itisfineweather.→Whatfineweatheritis!*由how引导：How+形容词/副词+(主语+谓语)!*Thegirlisbeautiful.→Howbeautifulthegirlis!*Herunsfast.→Howfastheruns!*简化形式：在口语中，主语和谓语有时可以省略。如：Whatabeautifulgirl!Howbeautiful!5.主动语态变被动语态(基础)核心方法：*找到动作的承受者并将其作为被动句的主语。*确定被动语态的谓语动词：be动词+及物动词的过去分词。be动词的时态要与原主动句的时态保持一致。*原主动句的主语：如果需要强调，可以用by引出，作为动作的执行者，置于句末；如果不需要强调，可以省略。*例如：*PeoplespeakEnglishallovertheworld.(主动)→Englishisspokenallovertheworld(bypeople).(被动)*Hemadethiscakeyesterday.(主动)→Thiscakewasmadeyesterday(byhim).(被动)*Youshouldfinishyourhomeworknow.(主动)→Yourhomeworkshouldbefinishednow(byyou).(被动)6.同义句转换核心方法：*这是一种综合性较强的转换，需要同学们熟练掌握同义词、近义词、同义短语或不同句型结构来表达相同的意思。*常见类型：*动词短语之间的替换：如goondoingsth.=continuedoingsth.*介词短语之间的替换：如becauseof=thanksto(表示原因)*句式结构的转换：如Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.=Sb.spendssometime(in)doingsth.*使用反义词加否定词：如Heisshort.=Heisnottall.*例如：Hedidn'tattendthemeetingbecausehewasill.→Hedidn'tattendthemeetingbecauseofhisillness./Ispenttwohoursdoingmyhomework.→Ittookmetwohourstodomyhomework.二、专项练习请根据上述方法，完成下列句型转换练习。(一)将下列肯定句改为否定句1.Tomoftenplaysbasketballafterschool.2.TheywillgotoBeijingnextweek.3.Sheisreadingastorybooknow.4.Wehavefinishedourhomework.5.Youmusthandinyourexercisebooksontime.(二)将下列陈述句改为一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定回答1.LiMingstudieshardeveryday.2.TheyaregoingtohaveapicnicthisSunday.3.Hehascleanedtheroom.4.IcanspeakalittleEnglish.5.Theworkersbuiltthisbridgelastyear.(三)对下列句子的划线部分提问1.Myfatherusuallygoestoworkbycar.2.TheywillhaveapartynextFridayevening.3.Thegirlinredismysister.4.Weneedthreekilosofapples.(四)将下列陈述句改为感叹句1.Itisasunnyday.2.Theflowersarebeautiful.3.Herunsveryfast.4.Itisdeliciousfood.5.Sheisakindteacher.(五)将下列主动语态句子改为被动语态1.PeoplegrowriceinthesouthofChina.2.Theteacherwillgiveusatalktomorrow.3.Weshouldprotecttheenvironment.4.Mymotherboughtmeanewdresslastweek.(提示：双宾语结构的被动)(六)同义句转换(每空一词)1.Hegotuplate,sohemissedtheearlybus.Hemissedtheearlybus____________gettinguplate.2.MyfavoritesubjectisEnglish.I______English______.3.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.Heis______young______hecan'tgotoschool.4.Ispenttwohoursonthismathproblem.It______metwohours____________thismathproblem.5.Remembertoturnoffthelightswhenyouleave.____________toturnoffthelightswhenyouleave.三、参考答案与难点解析(一)否定句1.Tomdoesn'toftenplaybasketballafterschool.（解析：实义动词plays，三单，借助doesn't，动词还原为play。）2.Theywillnot(won't)gotoBeijingnextweek.（解析：情态动词will后加not。）3.Sheisnot(isn't)readingastorybooknow.（解析：be动词is后加not。）4.Wehavenot(haven't)finishedourhomework.（解析：助动词have后加not。）5.Youmustnot(mustn't)handinyourexercisebooksontime.（解析：情态动词must后加not。）(二)一般疑问句及回答1.DoesLiMingstudyhardeveryday?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.（解析：实义动词studies，三单，借助does提前，动词还原为study。）2.AretheygoingtohaveapicnicthisSunday?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.（解析：be动词are提前。）3.Hashecleanedtheroom?Yes,hehas./No,hehasn't.（解析：助动词has提前。）4.CanyouspeakalittleEnglish?Yes,Ican./No,Ican't.（解析：情态动词can提前，第一人称I变为第二人称you。）5.Didtheworkersbuildthisbridgelastyear?Yes,theydid./No,theydidn't.（解析：实义动词built，一般过去时，借助did提前，动词还原为build。）(三)特殊疑问句1.Howdoesyourfatherusuallygotowork?（解析：对方式提问用how，主语myfather变为yourfather，借助助动词does。）2.Whenwilltheyhaveaparty?（解析：对时间提问用when。）3.Whoisthegirlinred?（解析：对人提问用who，作主语。）4.Howmanyapplesdoyouneed?（解析：对可数名词数量提问用howmany。）（解析：对原因提问用why，原句是否定句，直接将why置于句首，助动词didn't保留。）(四)感叹句1.Whatasunnydayitis!/Howsunnythedayis!2.Howbeautifultheflowersare!/Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!3.Howfastheruns!4.Whatdeliciousfooditis!5.Whatakindteachersheis!/Howkindtheteacheris!（解析：注意what修饰名词，how修饰形容词或副词，以及冠词a/an的使用。）(五)被动语态1.RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina(bypeople).（解析：一般现在时被动：am/is/are+过去分词。）2.Atalkwillbegiventousbytheteachertomorrow./Wewillbegivenatalkbytheteachertomorrow.（解析：一般将来时被动：willbe+过去分词；双宾语结构，可以将其中一个宾语变为主语。）3.Theenvironmentshouldbeprotected(byus).（解析：含有情态动词的被动：情态动词+be+过去分词。）4.Anewdresswasboughtformebymymotherlastweek./Iwasboughtanewdressbymymotherlastweek.（解析：一般过去