2025年高考英语试题分类汇编-阅读理解（说明文、议论文）

2025年高考试题分类汇编

专题07阅读理解说明文、议论文

Passage1

（2025年全国一卷）Whilesafelyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,

transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrian（行人）mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparents

saythere'stoomuchtrafficontheroadsfbrtheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecar

instead.

DutchauthorsThaliaVcrkadcandMarcotcBrommclstroctarcbotheredbyfactslikethese.Intheirnewbook

Movement:HowtoTakeBackOurStreetsandTransformOurLives,theycallfbrarethinkofourstreetsandthe

roletheyplayinourlives.

Lifeoncitystreetsstartedtochangedecadesago.Wholeneighbourhoodsweredestroyedtomakswayfor

newroadnetworksandkidshadtoplayelsewhere.Somecommunitiesfoughtback.Mostfamously,aCanadian

juuiualislwhuhadmuvedIicifamily（oMaiihallaninlliccaily1950sledacanipaigntoslopllicdcsliuulionuflici

localpark.Describingheralarmatiisproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor

（市长）tochampion"NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough."Similarcampaignsoccurredin

Australiainthelate1960sand1970saswell.

Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityis（hatthemajorityofthewesterncitiesv/ere

completelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.

InAustraliawenowhaveovertwen:ymillioncarsforjustovertwenty-sixmillionpeople,amongthehighestrate

ofcarownershipintheworld.

Weinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough,butwefailtoaccountforthetruecosts.Dowereally

recognisewhatitcostsusasasocietywhenchildrencan'tmovesafelyaroundourcommunities?Theauthorsof

Movementhaveitright:it'stimetothinkdifferentlyaboutthatstreetoutsideyourfiontdoor.

28.Whatphenomenondoestheauthorpointoutinparagraph1?

A.Carsoftengetstuckontheroad.B.Trafficaccidentsoccurfrequently.

C.Peoplewalklessanddrivemore.D.Pedestriansfailtofollowtherules.

29.WhatweretheCanadianjournalistandothercampaignerstryingtodo?

A.Keeptheircitieslivable.B.Promoteculturaldiversity.

C.Helptheneedyfamilies.D.Makeexpresswaysaccessible.

30.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecampaignsinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970s?

A.Theyboostedthesalesofcars.B.Theyturnedoutlargelyineffective.

C.Theywongovernmentsupport.D.Theyadvocatedbuildingnewparks.

31.Whatcanbeasuitabletitlefbrthetext?

A.WhytheRush?B.WhafsNext?

C.WheretoStay?D.WhotoBlame?

【答案】28.C29.A30.B31.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿

童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。

【28题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Whilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,

transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrian（行人）mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparents

saythere'stoomuchtrafficontheroadsfbrtheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecar

instead.（虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通班究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻

儿童..许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里）“可知，

作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。

【29题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Mostfamously,aCanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanin

theearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestructionofherlocalpark.Describingheralarmatitsproposed

replacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor（市长）tochampion“NewYorkasadecentplace

tolive,andnotjustrushthrough.^^（最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领

导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，JaneJacobs呼吁

她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道“广可.推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与

者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。

【30题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityof

thewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshas

beenincreasingrapidly.（尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。道路

上的汽车数最一直在迅速增加）''可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻止汽车发

展，基本上没有效果。故选B。

[31题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“Weinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough,butwefailto

accountforthe（ruecosts.Dowereallyrecognisewhatitcostsusasasocietywhenchildrencan'tmovesafely

aroundourcommunities?（我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。

我门真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代为吗）''可推知,

本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A项“WhytheRush?（为何匆匆？户质问“rush

through（匆匆通行）”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。

Passage2

（2025年全国一卷）MicroplaslicshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhave

seuledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,filledihestomachsofseabirdsandeven

falleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyarcevenappearinginsidehumans.

Now,newresearchsuggeststhatasimple,cheapmeasuremaysignificantlyreducethelevelofmicroplastics

inwaterfroinyourtap（水龙头）：boilingandfiltering（过滤）it.InastudypublishedWednesdayinEnvironmental

Science&TechnologyLetters,researchersfromChinafoundthatboilingtapwaterforjustfiveminutes—then

filteringitafteritcools——couldremoveatleast80percentofitsmicroplastics.

Crucially,thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate（碳酸钙）totraptheplastics.

Inthestudy,boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumcarbonateledtoanalmost90percentdropin

plastics.Buiinsampleswithless（han60milligramsofcalciumcarbonate,boilingreducedthelevelofplasticsby

just25percent.Additionally,theresearchdidn'tincludealltypesofplastics.Theteamfocusedonlyonthree

commontypes—polystyrene,polyethyleneandpolypropylene—andtheydidn'tstudyotherchemicals

previouslyfoundinwatersuchasvinylchloride.

Still,thefindingsshowapotentialpathforwardforreducingmicroplaslicexposure—ataskthat'sbecoming

increasinglydifficult.Evenbottledwater,scientistsfoundearlierthisyear,contains10to1,000timesmore

microplasticsthanoriginallythought.

Scientistsarcstilltryingtodeterminehowharmfulmicroplasticsarc—butwhattheydoknowhasraised

concerns.Thenewstudysuggestsboilingtapwatercouldbeatooltolimitintake.liThewaytheydemonstrated

howmicroplasticsweretrappedthroughtheboilingprocesswasnice,“CarolineGauchottc-Lindsay,an

environmentalengineeroftheUniversityofGlasgowinScotlandwhowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,tellsNew

Scientist.4t\Vcshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics.”

32.Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?

A.Byquotinganexpert.B.Bydefiningaconcept.

C.Bygivingexamples.D.Byprovidingstatistics.

33.Whatdeterminestheeffectivenessoftrappingmicroplasticsinwater?

A.Thehardnessofwater.B.Thelengthofcoolingtime.

C.Thefrequencyoffiltering.D.Thetypeofplasticinwater.

34.Whatdoestheauthortrytoillustratebymentioningbottledwaterinparagraph4?

A.Theimportanceofplasticrecycling.B.Theseverityofthemicroplasticproblem.

C.Thedangerinoverusingpurewaler.D.Thedifficultyintreatingpollutedwater.

35.WhatisGauchotte-Lindsay'ssuggestionabout?

A.Choiceofnewresearchmethods.B.Possibledirectionforfurtherstudy.

C.Needtoinvolvemoreresearchers.D.Potentialapplicationofthefindings.

【答案】32.C33.A34.B35.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水口微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及

全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的

微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指

出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。

【32题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“MicroplaslicshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—

theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,filledthestomachsofseabirds

andevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyareevenappearinginsidehumans.（微塑料已经成为地球上常见的

污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。

它门甚至出现了在人类体内）”可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。

133题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Crucially,thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate

（碳酸钙）totraptheplastics.Inthestudy,boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumciirbonateledto

analmost90percentdropinplastics.Butinsampleswithlessthan60milligramsofcalciumcarbonate,boiling

reducedthelevelofplasticsbyjust25percent.（至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑

料。在这项研究中，将含有300亳克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于

60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量）“可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。

故选Ao

【34题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“StiH,thefindingsshowapotentialpathforwardforreducingmicroplastic

exposure—ataskthat'sbecomingincreasinglydiftcult.Evenbottledwater,scientistsfoundearlierthisyear,

contains10to1,（X）0timesmoremicropiasticsthanoriginallythought（尽管如此,研究结果显示了减少微塑料接

触内潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料

含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。户可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重竹、故选

B.

[35题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“"Thewaytheydemonstratedhowmicroplasticsweretrappedthroughthe

boi'ingprocesswasnice,“CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay,anenvironmentalengineeroftheUniversityofGlasgowin

Scctlandwhowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,tellsNewScientist.klWeshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinking

watertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicropiastics.”（苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Caroline

Gauchottc-Lindsay没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截

留的方式很不错。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料"）''可推知，Caroline

Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。

Passage3

（2025年全国二卷）WhenSonjaDetrinidadopenedheronlineshopsellinghouseplants,shedidn'thavehigh

hopesforit.Buttheoppositehappened:Shewasflooded,shippingout1,200ordersinJuneof2020alone.Inthe

pastyear,Detrinidadsentoutmorethan70,000plants.Hersuccessisjustoneexampleofincreasedtimeathome

leadingtoanexplosioninthehouseplantindustry.

“Plantsareinfashionrightnow,^^saysDr.MelindaKnuth,aresearcherfromtheUniversityofFlorida.

“Peoplewholiveinplant-richenvironmentsreportahigherlifesatisiactionrating,“shesays."Addingmorenature

tocurenvironmentcanchangeourmoodandhowwethink.''Plantscanimproveourstateofmindinafewways

butthebiggestisbydecreasingourlevelofcortisol,(hestresshormone(激素)inourbody.

^Studentswhoarearoundplantsperformbetteracademicallythanstudentswhoareinaclassroomwithout

plants,saysKnuth."Thisproductivityalsotranslatesintotheworkplacefbradults.Ourstudyshowedthatthere

wasa30%decreaseinsickleaveforpeoplewhowereinplanl-richworkplaces.”

Ifyou'reamongthegroupsofpeoplewhoarcenjoyingthemenialandphysicalhealthbenefitsofsurrounding

yourselfwithplants,don'tbeatyourselfupifone(orafew!)doesn'tmakeit."Doctorspracticemedicineand

lawyerspracticelawandyoushouldallowyourselfthepracticeittakestosustainaplant.Tendingtoplantsisan

exerciseinpatienceandlearning.Beinvestedintakingcareofit,butifitdies,gogetanotherone,“Detrinidad

says,

8.HowwasDetrinidad'sbusinesswhenitstarted?

A.Itfacedtoughcompetition.B.Itsufferedagreatloss.

C.Itgotlotsoffinancialsupport.D.Itwentsurprisinglywell.

9.WhatisoneofKnuth'sfindingsaboutplants?

A.Theyappealmoretostudents.B.Theypurifytheenvironment.

C.Theyraisethecortisollevel.D.Theyenhanceproductivity.

10.WhatdoesDetrinidadtrytoexplainbymentioningdoctorsandlawyers?

A.Thenecessityofsocialskills.B.Themeaningofsustainability.

C.Theimportanceofrepeatedefforts.D.Thevalueofprofessionalopinions.

11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TimetoReplaceHouseplantsB.PlantsBoostYourMood

C.TipsonChoosingHouseplantsD.PlantsBrightenYourHome

【答案】8D9.D10.C11.B

【解析】

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中的“WhenSonjaDetrinidadopenedheronlineshopsellinghouseplants,shedidn't

havehighhopesforit.Buttheoppositehappened:Shewasflooded,shippingout1,200ordersinJuneof2020

alone.（当SonjaDetrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订

单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单户可知，SonjaDetrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物

时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D.

"题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中的“"Studentswhoarearoundplantsperformbetteracademicallythanstudentswho

areinaclassroomwithoutplants/'saysKnuth."Thisproductivityalsotranslatesintotheworkplacefbradults.Our

studyshowedthattherewasa30%decreaseinsickleavefbrpeoplewhowereinplant-richworkplaces."Knuth表

示：“身处植物周围的学生，其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生更出色。这种效率提升同样适用于成

年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假率降低了30%。可知，Knuth

的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中生产率提高，病假率降低，

因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“"Doctorspracticemedicineandlawyerspracticelawandyoushouldallow

yourselfthepracticeittakestosustainaplant.Tendingtoplantsisanexerciseinpatienceandlearning.Beinvested

intakingcareofit,butifitdies,gogetanotherone,,TDetrinidadsays.（Detrinidad说：“医生需要不断实践医术,

律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐心和学习的

过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。可知，Detrinidad通过类比医生和律师需要不

断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试“。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努力。由此推断，她

提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选Co

[11题详解】

主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth

的研究说明植物能通过降低皮履醉水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心国

绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响,'展开。选项B“PlantsBoostYourMood（植物改善你的情绪）”最能概括文章

主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。

Passage4

（2025年全国二卷）Doesyoursouldiealittleeverytimeyouthrowawayunusedfood?Minedoes.Maybe

thatfeelingcomesfromgrowingupinSouthAfrica,wherethephrase“therearcchildrenstarvinginAfrica''was

moreofanuncomfortablereminderoffact（hanaprayeratdinnertime.

Foodwasteisagrowingconcernintherestaurant,supermarket,andsupplychainindjstrics.From

technologicalsolutionstoeducationalcampaigns,foodproducersandsellersarelookingforwaystousemoreof

whatwc'rcalreadygrowing.Butlastmonth,onepopularNewYorkCityrestauranttriedadiflcrcntway:It

changeditsmenutoexclusively（专门）offerfoodthatwouldotherwisebethrownaway.

FortwoweeksinMarch,GreenwichVillage'sBlueHillrestaurantwasrenamedwastED,andserveditems

likefriedskatecartilage,ajuicepulpburger,andadumpsterdiver'svegetablesalad.Eachdishwastailor-madeto

raiseawarenessregardingfoodwaste.

AstudybytheFoodWasteAlliancedeterminedthattheaveragerestaurantgenerates33poundsoffoodwaste

forevery$1,000inrevenue（收入）.andofthatwasteonly15.7%isdonatedorrecycled.Upto84.3%issimply

thrownout.RestaurantslikeSilointheUKhaveexperimentedwithzero-wastesystems,butwastEDtookthe

concepttoitslogicalconclusion.

ItshouldbenotedthatnoneoftheitemsonwastED'smenuwastechnicallymadefromgarbage.Instead,all

theingredients（配料）usedwereexamplesofmeatcutsandproducethatmostrestaurantswouldneverconsider

serving.Thingslikekaleribs,fishcollars,rejectedsweetpotatoes,andcucumberbuttswereallre-appropriatedand,

withthehelpofanumberofgoodchefs,turnedintoexcellentcuisine.

ThoughwastEDreceivedenthusiasticreviews,itwasdesignedfromthestartasashort-livedexperiment：Rhie

Hillhassincereturnedtoitsregularmenu.Nevertheless,itservesasareminderthattherearcnanywaysto

addressproblemsofsustainability,andthatyoucanmakeanamazingmealoutofalmostanything.

12.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthor'searlylife?

A.Hewitnessedfoodshortage.B.Heenjoyedthelocalcuisine.

C.HedonatedfoodtoAfricans.D.Hehelpedtocookathome.

13.WhydidBlueHillcarryouttheexperiment?

A.Tocustomizedishesforguests.B.Tomakethepublicawareoffoodwaste.

C.Totestafoodprocessingmethod.D.ToimprovetheUK'szero-wastesystems.

14.Wha(isparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Whytheingredientswereused.B.Whichdisheswerebestliked.

C.Whatthedishesweremadeof.D.Wheretheingredientswerebought.

15.WhatcanwelearnaboutwastED?

A.1(hasendedasplanned.B.Iliscreatingnewjobs.

C.Ithasregainedpopularity.D.Itiscriticizedbytopchefs.

【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为例,

该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜品，以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。

【12题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“MaybethatfeelingcomesfromgrowingupinSouthAfricawherethephrase

"therearechildrenstarvinginAfrica,'wasmoreofanuncomfortablereminderoffactthanaprayeratdinnertime.

（这种感觉或许源于在南非的成长经历——在那里，“非洲还有孩子在挨饿这句话与其说是晚餐时的祈祷,

不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒）”可知，作者在南非长大，那里有孩子挨饿是事实，由此可推断作者早年

目睹了食物短缺的情况。故选A。

（13题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Eachdishwastailor-madetoraiseawarenessregardingfoodwas【e.（每道菜都

是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识）“可知，BlueHill餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为只提供原本

会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。

【14题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“ItshouldbenotedthatnoneoftheitemsonwastED'smenuwastechnicallymade

fromgarbage.Instead,alltheingredients（配料）usedwereexamplesofmeatcutsandproducethatmost

restaurantswouldneverconsiderserving.Thingslikekaleribs,fishcollars,rejectedsweetpotatoes,andcucumber

buttswereallre-appropriatedand.withthehelpofanumberofgoodchefs,turnedintoexcellentcuisine.（值得注

意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆

永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利

用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴）”可知，木段主要介绍了wasiED菜单上的菜品所用的配

料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。

故选C。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“ThoughwastEDreceivedenthusiasticreviews,itwasdesignedfromthestart

as2short-livedexperiment;BlueHillhassincereturnedtoilsregularmenu.（尽管wastED餐厅收获了热烈的评

价，但它从一开始就被设计为短期实验项目；此后，BlueHill餐厅已回归常规菜单）“可知，wastED从一开

始就被设计为短期实验，现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单，从而推断，实验项目“wastED”已经按计划结束了。故

选Ao

Passage5

（2025年匕京卷）Nottoolongago,onacoldwinternight,therewasateenagerwhowantedmorescreen

limeandaparentwhosaidno.Theteenagerwasadvocatingforherrighttoscroll（翻屏）foranextra30minutes.

Theparentarguedthatnoneofherfriends,parentsletthemhavescreensafter9o'clock.4<Ithought,inthisfamily,

wedon'tcompareourselveswithotherpeople.Dad?”theteenagerreplied.Theparent—whowasme,bytheway

—justgotserved.Sincetheywereyoung,Ihavetoldmykidsnottocomparethemselveswithotherpeople.Ihave

arguedcountlesstimesthatcomparisonsarethe“thiefofjoy”.

Althoughmydaughterdidn'twin,shedidhelpexposeoneoftheworstpiecesofadviceIhaveevergiven.In

mydefence,Ididwhatwe'vealldonebefore,whichisrepeatreceivedwisdomwithoutexploringthenuances.But

nowisthetimetosettherecordstraight,whichstartswithquestioningtheideathatallsocialcomparisonis

unhealthy.

Socialcomparisonsdo,ofcourse,oftengetusintoemotionaltrouble.Buttheycanbeharnessed1利用）for

ourbettermentifwcunderstandhowtheywork.Thesocialcomparisonswcmake—onesthatleadustofeelgood

orbadaboutourselves—arevitaltoourability（othrive（成长）.Scienceprovidesaguidewecanusetoharness

thewaywcperformthesecomparisonstoreducetheirnegativeemotionalimpacts.

Comparingyourselfwilhsomeonewhoisoutperformingyoucouldresultinfeelingsofenvyifyoufocuson

thethingstheyhaveandyoudon't,oritcanbeenergizingandinspiringifyouusethesecomparisonsasasourceof

motivation,fbrexample,*iftheycanachievethat,socanI."Comparingyourselfwithsomeonewhoisdoingworse

thanyoucouldresultinfearandworryifyouthinkabouthowyoucouldfallintosimilarcircumstances,oritcan

drawoutfeelingsofgratitudeandappreciationifyouusethatcomparisontobroadenyourviews—forexample.

“Wow,thingscouldbemuchworse;Tmdoinggreat.”

WhatIwishItaughtmydaughterearlierarethesenuances.Hov/wefeelaboutourselvesrestsnotjuston

whomwecompareourselveswithbutalsoonhowwcthinkaboutthatcomparison.That'ssomethingwcallhave

controlover.

28.Howdidtheauthorfeelabouthisdaughter'sargument?

A.Excited.B.Inspired.C.Energized.D.Relieved.

29.Whatdoestheword“nuances“underlinedinParagraph2mostprobablymean?

A.Majorachievements.B.Complexfeelings.

C.Significantimpacts.D.Finedifferences.

3（）.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ComparingOurselveswithOthersCanBecomeaHealthyHabit

B.ComparingOurselveswithOthersCanStrengthenFamilyTics

C.SocialComparisonsCanGetUsintoEmotionalTrouble

D.SocialComparisonsCanBeControlledbyScience

【答案】28.B29.D30.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇央叙央议文。作者通过讲述自己和女儿关于能否延长看屏幕时间的争论，引出对社会

比较这一观念的思考，指出并非所有社会比较都不健康，若理解其原理，可加以利用促进自我提升。

[28题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段“Althoughmydaughterdidn'twin,shedidhelpexposeoneoftheworstpiecesofadvice

Ihaveevergiven」虽然我女儿没有赢，但她确实帮助揭露了我曾经给出的最糟糕的建议之一。广以及后文

作者对社会比较的重新思考可知，作者从女儿的争论中得到了启发。故选B。

【29题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第二段“Inmydefence,Ididwhatwe'vealldonebefore,whichisrepeatreceivedwisdom

withoutexploringthenuances.Butnowisthetimetosettherecordstraight,whichstartswithquestioningtheidea

thatallsocialcomparisonisunhealthy.（为自己辩护一下，我做了我们所有人都做过的事，就是重复那些大家

都认可的观点，却没有探究其中的—O但现在是时候纠正这个观点了，首先要质疑所有社会比较都是不

健康的这一想法。y可知，作者之前只是重复普遍观点，没有深入探究不同情况，现在要重新审视，所以

“nuances”意思可能是“细微差别”。故选D。

【30题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第三段“Socialcomparisonsdo,ofcourse,oftengetusintoemotionaltrouble.Buttheycanbe

harnessed（利用）forourbettermentifwcunderstandhowtheywork.（当然,社会比较常常会给我们带来情感困

扰。但如果我们了解其运作原理，就可以利用它们来提升自我。）“，以及第四段"Comparingyourselfwith

someonewhoisoutperformingyoucouldresultinfeelingsofenvyifyoufocusonthethingstheyhaveandyou

don't,oritcanbeenergizingandinspiringifyouusethesecomparisonsasasourceofmotivation（如果你关注那

些比你表现出色的人所拥有而你没有的东西，与他们比较可能会导致嫉妒之情；但如果你将这些比较作为

动力来源，它也可以让你充满活力并受到鼓舞）”等内容，表明了社会比较并非全然有害，若运用得当可成

为健康习惯，助力个人发展。所以选项A“与他人比较可以成为一种健康的习惯”为最佳标题，故选A。

Passage6

（2025年北京卷）Thecallto“knowyourself'hasbeentheresinceancienttimes,butoursenseofselfdoesn't

alwaysmatchwhatothersperceive.Consideringthestorieswetellaboutourselvescanhelpustochangeourminds

forbetter.

Formanyyearspsychologistssawidentityasacombinationofsomeone'svalues,beliefs,goalsandsocial

roles.Th”inihe1980s,RohJohnwncraatedthelifpstorymodelofidentity,inwhichheproposesthat,nswegc

throughlife,thesecorefeaturesarcbuiltinwithourmemoriestocreateapersonalstorythroughwhichwe

understandourlives.

Ourlifestoryissomethingthatstartscoiningtogetherinourteenageyears,whenwebegintoorganiseour

livesintochaptersaroundkeyeventsorlifechanges,andbegintoseeourselvesasboththecentralcharacterand.to

avaryingextent,thestory'sauthor.Peoplewithmoreconsistentstoriestendtohaveastrongersenseofidentity,

andtheyfeeltheirlifehasmoremeaning,directionandsenseofpurpose.Suchpeopleshowgreateroveralllife

satisfaction,too.

Johnsonhasalsoinvestigatedthelinkbetweenwell-beingandcertainstorythemes.Hediscoveredthat

whethersomeonedescribeshavinghadsomecontrolovereventsintheirpastisanimportantpredictorofaperson's

mentalhealth.Anotherkeythemeinvolvesfindingsomekindofpositivemeaningafterstressfiilevents."People

couldtalkaboutgainingknowledgeorpersonalgrowth,“saysJohnson.Hisresearchshowsthatthisisoften

missingforpeoplewithmentalhealthconditions.Thegoodnewsisthatthereisevidencewecanlearntochange

ourownstory.

LisaGreen,anotherresearcher,soundsafewnotesofcaution（谨慎）.Forinstance,hearingaboutthepowerof

redemptive（拯救性的）stories,manypeoplemayfeelforced（ofindapositiveangleonhorribleevents.Shesays

thatWesternculturealreadypushespeopletolookforthesilverliningbehindeverycloud.

Ifyouwanttoturnoveranewleaf,though,onetoptipisthatithelpstochooseasignificantdatethatsignals

thestartofanew“chapter”.Contrarytopopulardoubt,resolutionsmadeonIJanuaryaremoreeffectivefbrthis

reason.So,whetheryourgoalissavingmoneyorgettingfit,thereisnobettertimetobecometheauthorofour

owndestiny（命运）.

31.Whatcanbeinferredaboutpersonalstories?

A.Theyareunrelatedtohealth.B.Consistentonesleadtostress.

CTheyaierel