北京市石景山区2025-2026学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1北京市石景山区2025-2026学年高一上学期期末英语试题第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。IstartedlearningtodancewhenIwasseven,andIclearlyremembermyfirsttimeperformingonstage.OnthatcoldDecemberevening,myclassmatesandIweredancingontwo-foot-squarewooden___1___facingtheaudience.Mymovewassimplytoplaceonefootontheboxnexttomineandkeeptheotheronmyown—an___2___step.However,Iwassofocusedon___3___abigsmileandholdingmyheadhighthatIdidn’twatchwhereIwasstepping.Icompletely___4___mypartner’sboxandslippedoff.Whilemyclassmatesstayedontopoftheirboxes,Iwasleftstanding___5___onthestagefloor.Icouldheargiggles(咯咯笑)fromtheaudience,andmyfaceburnedwith___6___.ThenIrememberedwhatmydanceteacherhadtoldus:“Ifyoumakeamistake,keepsmilingsotheaudiencewon’t___7___.”SoIdidmybesttofollowher___8___andcontinuedwiththeroutine.Whenthecurtainfell,my___9___fortheeveningfellwithit.Iranbackstage,tooupsettocalmdown.Butmyteachercametomeandsaid,“Youwereastartonight!”Lookingback,Irealizemyteachertaughtmemorethandance—shetaughtmehowto____10____afterafall.1.A.boxes B.balls C.books D.tables2.A.active B.easy C.early D.extra3.A.creating B.hiding C.sharing D.keeping4.A.destroyed B.forgot C.missed D.changed5.A.helplessly B.lazily C.proudly D.deeply6.A.shame B.anger C.confidence D.excitement7.A.believe B.cheer C.notice D.leave8.A.plan B.example C.gesture D.advice9.A.doubts B.hopes C.voice D.patience10.A.escape B.walk C.stop D.rise【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.C5.A6.A7.C8.D9.B10.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了七岁时第一次登台跳舞的经历：在表演中因分心踩空木箱摔倒，面对观众的笑声，她想起老师的叮嘱，坚持微笑完成表演。这次经历不仅是一次舞蹈演出，更让她学会了跌倒后重新振作的人生道理。【1题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个寒冷的十二月夜晚，我和同学们站在四平方英尺大小的木箱上，面朝观众跳舞。A.boxes箱子；B.balls球；C.books书；D.tables桌子。根据后文“placeonefootontheboxnexttomine”的提示可知，他们跳舞的道具是木箱。故选A项。【2题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的动作很简单，就是把一只脚放在旁边的箱子上，另一只脚留在自己的箱子上——这是一个简单的舞步。A.active活跃的；B.easy简单的；C.early早期的；D.extra额外的。前文用“simply”强调动作的简易性，因此该空填“easy”与之呼应。故选B项。【3题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我太专注于保持灿烂的笑容和高昂着头，以至于没有看自己脚下的位置。A.creating创造；B.hiding隐藏；C.sharing分享；D.keeping保持。根据前文“Iwassofocusedon”以及后文“abigsmile”可知，作者专注于保持灿烂的笑容。故选D项。【4题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我完全踩空了搭档所站的箱子，滑倒了下去。A.destroyed破坏；B.forgot忘记；C.missed未踩到、错过；D.changed改变。根据前文“However,IwassofocusedonabigsmileandholdingmyheadhighthatIdidn’twatchwhereIwasstepping.”可知，作者因分心没有对准箱子，导致踩空滑倒，“miss”在此处表示“未踩到目标位置”。故选C项。【5题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当同学们还站在箱子上时，我却无助地站在舞台地板上。A.helplessly无助地；B.lazily懒惰地；C.proudly骄傲地；D.deeply深深地。根据前文“slippedoff”可知，作者意外滑倒，与其他同学的状态形成对比，此刻内心是慌乱无助的。故选A项。【6题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我能听到观众的咯咯笑声，脸因为羞愧而发烫。A.shame羞愧；B.anger愤怒；C.confidence自信；D.excitement兴奋。根据前文“myfaceburned”可知，作者在舞台上失误被观众嘲笑，作者会产生羞愧的情绪。故选A项。【7题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我想起了舞蹈老师告诉我们的话：“如果你出错了，要保持微笑，这样观众就不会注意到你的失误。”A.believe相信；B.cheer欢呼；C.notice注意到；D.leave离开。根据前文“keepsmiling”可知，老师的建议是用微笑掩饰失误，避免被观众察觉，“notice”符合语境。故选C项。【8题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是我尽力听从她的建议，继续完成舞蹈动作。A.plan计划；B.example例子；C.gesture手势；D.advice建议。根据后文“continuedwiththeroutine.”可知，作者听从了老师的建议。“followone’sadvice”是固定搭配，意为“听从某人的建议”，此处指作者按照老师之前说的话去做。故选D项。【9题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当幕布落下时，我那晚的希望也随之破灭了。A.doubts怀疑；B.hopes希望；C.voice声音；D.patience耐心。根据后文“theeveningfellwithit”可知，作者原本期待完美的演出，却因失误搞砸，内心的希望也落空了。故选B项。【10题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在回想起来，我意识到老师教给我的不仅仅是舞蹈——她还教我如何在跌倒后重新振作。A.escape逃跑；B.walk走路；C.stop停止；D.rise站起来、振作。根据“afterafall”可知，“fall”既指舞台上的摔倒，也喻指人生中的挫折，“rise”对应“fall”，表示“跌倒后重新站起、振作起来”。故选D项。第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Lastyear,IreturnedtomyhometownduringtheLanternFestival.EverywhereI___11___(go),thestreetswerefilledwithcolorfullightsandjoyfulmusic,creatingalivelyandfestiveatmosphere.Togetherwithmyfamilyandfriends,Ijoinedinvarioustraditional___12___(activity)—watchingliondance,guessingriddlesandadmiringlanterndisplays.Throughthisexperience,IrealizedthattheLanternFestivalalways___13___(play)averyimportantroleinkeepingChinesefolktraditionsalive.【答案】11.went12.activities13.plays【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者去年元宵节回到家乡，参与各类传统民俗活动，体会到元宵节对传承中国民间传统的重要意义。【11题详析】考查时态。句意：无论走到哪里，街道上都挂满了彩灯，回荡着欢快的音乐，营造出热闹喜庆的氛围。此空考查谓语动词，I与go为主动关系，再根据时间状语Lastyear可知，这里描述过去的动作，应用一般过去时，go的过去式为went。故填went。【12题详析】考查名词复数。句意：我和家人朋友一起，参加了看舞狮、猜灯谜、赏灯展等各种传统活动。分析句子结构可知，various后接可数名词复数形式，activity的复数为activities。故填activities。【13题详析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：通过这次经历，我意识到元宵节在传承中国民间传统方面一直扮演着非常重要的角色。此空考查谓语动词，theLanternFestival与play为主动关系，且这里描述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语theLanternFestival为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式plays。故填plays。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Artificialintelligence(AI)is___14___technologythathelpspeoplesolvedifficultproblems.Today,weseethatmachinescanlearnfromdataandmakedecisions___15___theirown.ManyexpertssaythatAI___16___(change)howweliveandworkinthefuture.Itishopedthatthispowerfultoolcan___17___(use)inasafeandresponsiblewaybyeveryone.【答案】14.a15.on16.willchange17.beused【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍人工智能的定义、当下的能力，以及其未来的影响和人们对其安全合理使用的期许。【14题详析】考查冠词。句意：人工智能是一种能帮助人们解决难题的技术。technology为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，此处表示泛指“一种技术”，且technology是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。【15题详析】考查介词。句意：如今，我们能看到机器可以从数据中学习，并且自主做出决策。此处为固定搭配onone’sown，意为“独自，自主地”，所以用介词on。故填on。【16题详析】考查动词时态。句意：许多专家表示，人工智能将在未来改变我们的生活和工作方式。根据时间状语inthefuture可知，此处表示将来发生的动作，用一般将来时，结构为will+动词原形，所以填willchange。故填willchange。【17题详析】考查动词语态。句意：人们希望每个人都能以安全、负责任的方式使用这一强大的工具。此处thispowerfultool指AI，与use之间为被动关系，且位于情态动词can之后，所以用情态动词的被动语态，结构为can+be+过去分词，use的过去分词为used。故填beused。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Manystudentstend___18___(spend)alongtimeontheirphonesafterschool.Thishabitcommonlyresultsinpoorsleepandweakerfocusthefollowingday.Teacherssuggestthatstudentsshoulddevelopastudyplan___19___limitsscreentimetohelpthemconcentratebetteronhomework.Itis___20___(wide)believedthatgoodhabitsformedinhighschoolwillbenefitstudentsthroughouttheirlives.【答案】18.tospend19.that/which20.widely【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文指出学生放学后长时间玩手机的不良影响，教师建议制定限屏学习计划，且高中养成的好习惯会让学生终身受益。【18题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多学生放学后往往会花很长时间玩手机。这里考查固定搭配tendtodosth.，意为“往往会做某事、倾向于做某事”，符合语境。故填tospend。【19题详析】考查定语从句。句意：老师们建议学生应该制定一份限制屏幕使用时间的学习计划，以帮助他们更好地专注于家庭作业。这里考查限制性定语从句，先行词是astudyplan，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。【20题详析】考查副词。句意：人们普遍认为，高中阶段养成的好习惯会让学生受益终生。此处修饰动词believed，需用形容词wide的副词形式widely，表“普遍地”，符合语境。故填widely。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AIfyoulovetheNationalPark,valueitsuniquecharacter,andhopetosafeguarditsfuture,theEcoFriendsorganizationmaybeaperfectfitforyou.WhetheryouwishtoseethePark’sbeautifullandscapeprotectedorenjoypeaceful,informalrecreationwithinitsnaturalsurroundings,becominganEcoFriendallowsyoutosupportandappreciatetheparkinmeaningfulways.AimsTheEcoFriendsorganizationaimstohelpprotectandpromotethePembrokeshireCoastNationalParkforalltoenjoy.WeareavoluntaryorganizationandregisteredcharitywithoutfinanciallinkstotheNationalParkAuthority.ActivitiesWewatchoutforthreatslikebigdevelopmentstoprotectthepark.WeofferguidedtoursandtalkstohelpeveryoneenjoytheNationalPark.Wealsohelpkidslearnabouttheparkthroughschoolprojectsandfunbooklets.Benefits◆Guidedvisitstoplacesofinterestwhichmaynotbeopentothegeneralpublic.◆AllmembersreceiveourregularNewsandViews.◆Talksbyexpertsintheirfieldsoncurrentissues.◆AdiscountonEcoFriends’goods.◆Thesatisfactionfromtakingpartinvolunteerworkparties.Ifinterested,pleasecompletetheApplicationFormat.uk.21.WhatisthemaingoaloftheEcoFriendsorganization?A.Toattractmorevisitors B.TohelppayfortheNationalPark.C.Tocontrolparkvisitors. D.ToprotectandimprovetheNationalPark.22.WhichofthefollowingisabenefitformembersofEcoFriends?A.Visitingclosedareasalone. B.Givingprofessionaltalks.C.Joininginvolunteerworkparties. D.ReceivingfreeFriends’goods.23.Thepurposeofthisposteristoinvitemorepeopleto_________.A.fundthepark B.workinthePark C.joinEcoFriends D.enjoythelandscape【答案】21.D22.C23.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍生态之友组织的成立初衷、开展的相关活动以及成为该组织成员可享受的各项福利，并发出加入邀请。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据Aims部分中的“TheEcoFriendsorganizationaimstohelpprotectandpromotethePembrokeshireCoastNationalParkforalltoenjoy.(生态之友组织旨在协助保护和推广彭布罗克郡海岸国家公园，供所有人游览。)”可知，生态之友组织的主要目标是保护和推广这座国家公园。故选D项。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据Benefits部分中的“Thesatisfactionfromtakingpartinvolunteerworkparties.(参与志愿工作队带来的成就感。)”可知，加入生态之友组织的福利包括可以参与志愿工作队的相关工作。故选C项。【23题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“IfyoulovetheNationalPark,valueitsuniquecharacter,andhopetosafeguarditsfuture,theEcoFriendsorganizationmaybeaperfectfitforyou.(如果你热爱这座国家公园，珍视其独特的特色，并希望守护它的未来，那么生态之友组织可能是你的理想之选。)”以及最后一段“Ifinterested,pleasecompletetheApplicationFormat.uk.(如果感兴趣，请在英国国家公园之友网站填写申请表。)”可知，这则海报的目的是邀请更多人加入生态之友组织。故选C项。BIgrewupinahousewhereTVwasseldomturnedonandwithonewallinmybedroomentirelylinedwithbookshelves,somostofmychildhoodwasspentonbooksIcouldgetholdof.Infact,Igrewupthinkingofreadingasnaturalasbreathingandbooksunbelievablypowerfulinshapingperspectives(观点)bycreatingworldswecouldstepinto,takepartinandlivein.Withthisunshakablebelief,I,atfourteen,decidedtobecomeawriter.Heretoo,readingbecameuseful.Everywriterstartsoffknowingthathehassomethingtosay,butbeingunabletofindtherightwaystosayit.Hehastofindhisownvoicebyreadingwidelyanddiscoveringwhichpartsofthewritersheagreesordisagreeswith,oragreeswithsostronglythatitreshapeshisownworld.Hecannotwritewithoutlovingtoread,becauseonlythroughreadingotherpeople’swritingcanonediscoverwhatworks,whatdoesn’tand,intheend,togetherwithlotsofpractice,whatvoicehehas.NowIamincollege,andhavecometorealizehowimportantitistoreadfiction(文学作品).Asalawstudent,myreadingisinfactlimitedtosubjectmatter—thevolume(数量)ofwhatIhavetoreadforclasseseveryweekmeansthereislittletimetoreadanythingelse.SuchreadingmadeitalltheclearertomethatIliveinaverysmallpartinthisgreatplacecalledlife.Readingfictionremindsmethatthereislifebeyondmyown.Itallowsme“travel”acrossoceansandtheSilkRoadfrommyarmchair,experiencingexcitingthingsImightneverdoinlife—thoughsecondhand.24.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorasachild?A.HeneverwatchedTV. B.Hereadwhathehadto.C.Hefoundnatureshapedhisview. D.Heconsideredreadingpartofhislife.25.Theunderlinedword“voice”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans_________.A.aquickidea B.awayofwritingC.asoundquality D.aworldtowriteabout26.Whateffectdoesreadinghaveontheauthor?A.Ithelpshimtorealizehisdream. B.Itopensupawiderworldforhim.C.Itmakeshiscollegelifemoreinteresting. D.Itincreaseshisinterestinworldwidetravel.【答案】24.D25.B26.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者自幼受阅读熏陶，将阅读视作生活一部分，阅读也助力其树立作家梦想，大学时更是从文学阅读中看到更广阔的世界。【24题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Infact,Igrewupthinkingofreadingasnaturalasbreathingandbooksunbelievablypowerfulinshapingperspectives(观点)bycreatingworldswecouldstepinto,takepartinandlivein.(事实上，我从小就认为阅读就像呼吸一样自然，书籍通过构建我们可以踏入、参与并生活其中的世界，在塑造观点方面有着不可思议的力量。)”可知，作者儿时将阅读看作和呼吸一样自然的事，可见其认为阅读是生活的一部分。故选D项。【25题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Everywriterstartsoffknowingthathehassomethingtosay,butbeingunabletofindtherightwaystosayit.Hehastofindhisownvoicebyreadingwidelyanddiscoveringwhichpartsofthewritersheagreesordisagreeswith,oragreeswithsostronglythatitreshapeshisownworld.Hecannotwritewithoutlovingtoread,becauseonlythroughreadingotherpeople’swritingcanonediscoverwhatworks,whatdoesn’tand,intheend,togetherwithlotsofpractice,whatvoicehehas.(每个作家一开始都知道自己有话要说，却找不到合适的表达方式。他必须通过广泛阅读，发现其他作家的哪些观点自己认同或不认同，来找到自己的写作风格……一个不爱阅读的人是无法写作的，因为只有通过阅读他人的作品，才能发现什么写法可行，什么不可行，最终通过大量的练习，找到自己的写作风格。)”可知，作者指出作家需要找到表达的方式，而这一事物需要通过阅读和练习来确立，因此划线单词表示“一种写作方式”，与B选项意义一致。故选B项。【26题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“SuchreadingmadeitalltheclearertomethatIliveinaverysmallpartinthisgreatplacecalledlife.Readingfictionremindsmethatthereislifebeyondmyown.Itallowsme“travel”acrossoceansandtheSilkRoadfrommyarmchair,experiencingexcitingthingsImightneverdoinlife—thoughsecondhand.(这样的阅读让我更清楚地意识到，在生活这个偌大的天地里，我只是沧海一粟。阅读文学作品提醒我，除了自己的生活，还有更广阔的天地。它让我坐在扶手椅上就能“穿越”海洋和丝绸之路，体验那些我一生中可能永远不会做的激动人心的事情——尽管是间接体验。)”可知，阅读为作者打开了一个更广阔的世界。故选B项。CPeoplefromEastAsiatendtoprocessfacialexpressionsdifferentlyfromthosefromEurope,accordingtoanewreportpublishedonlineinCurrentBiology.RachaelJack,UniversityofGlasgowresearcher,saidthatratherthanscanningevenly(均匀地)acrossafaceasWesternersdo,Easternersfixtheirattentionontheeyes.“WeshowthatEasternersandWesternerslookatdifferentfacefeaturestoreadfacialexpressions,”Jacksaid.“Westernerslookattheeyesandthemouthinequalmeasure,whereasEasternersfavortheeyesandneglect(忽略)themouth.”AccordingtoJackandhercolleagues,thediscoveryshowsthathumancommunicationofemotionismorecomplexthanpreviouslybelieved.Asaresult,facialexpressionsthathadbeenconsidereduniversallyrecognizablecannotbeusedtoreliablyconveyemotionincross-culturalsituations.Theresearchersstudiedculturaldifferencesintherecognitionoffacialexpressionsbyrecordingtheeyemovementsof13Westernpeopleand13EastAsianpeoplewhiletheyobservedpicturesofexpressivefacesandputthemintocategories:happy,sad,surprised,fearful,disgusted,angry,orunemotional.Theycomparedhowparticipantsreadthosefacialexpressionsusingtheirparticulareyemovementstrategies.ItturnedoutthatEasternersfocusedmuchgreaterattentionontheeyes.“Theculturaldifferenceineyemovementsisprobablyareflectionofdifferentculturalstylesinfacialexpressions,”Jacksaid.“OurdatasuggestthatwhereasWesternersusethewholefacetoconveyemotion,Easternersusetheeyesmoreandmouthless.”Inshort,thedatashowthatfacialexpressionsarenotuniversalsignalsofhumanemotion.Fromhereon,examininghowculturalbackgroundshaveinfluencedthesebasicsocialskillswilldeepenourunderstandingofhumanemotion.Otherwise,whenitcomestocommunicatingemotionsacrosscultures,EasternersandWesternerswillfindthemselveslostintranslation.27.ThediscoveryshowsthatWesterners_________.A.payequalattentiontotheeyesandthemouthB.considerfacialexpressionsuniversallyreliableC.observetheeyesandthemouthindifferentwaysD.havemoredifficultyinrecognizingfacialexpressions28.Whatwerethepeopleaskedtodointhestudy?A.Tosortsomefacepictures. B.Tomakeafaceateachother.C.Togettheirfacesimpressive. D.Toobservetheresearchers’faces.29.IncomparisonwithWesterners,Easternersarelikelyto_________.A.dotranslationmoresuccessfully B.studythemouthmorefrequentlyC.examinetheeyesmoreattentively D.readfacialexpressionsmorecorrectly30.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheEyeastheWindowtotheSoul B.CulturalDifferencesinReadingEmotionsC.EffectiveMethodstoDevelopSocialSkills D.WaystoBuildCross-culturalUnderstanding【答案】27.A28.A29.C30.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了东西方人在解读面部表情时存在文化差异。【27题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Westernerslookattheeyesandthemouthinequalmeasure,whereasEasternersfavortheeyesandneglect(忽略)themouth.(西方人对眼睛和嘴巴的关注程度相当，而东亚人更关注眼睛，却会忽略嘴巴。)”可知，西方人看眼睛和嘴巴的程度是一样的。故选A。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Theresearchersstudiedculturaldifferencesintherecognitionoffacialexpressionsbyrecordingtheeyemovementsof13Westernpeopleand13EastAsianpeoplewhiletheyobservedpicturesofexpressivefacesandputthemintocategories:happy,sad,surprised,fearful,disgusted,angry,orunemotional.(研究人员通过记录13名西方人和13名东亚人的眼球运动来研究面部表情识别的文化差异，他们观察表情丰富的面部图片，并将其分为以下几类：快乐、悲伤、惊讶、恐惧、厌恶、愤怒或无表情。)”可知，研究中的人被要求观察表情丰富的面部图片，并将其分类。故选A。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“OurdatasuggestthatwhereasWesternersusethewholefacetoconveyemotion,Easternersusetheeyesmoreandmouthless.(我们的数据表明，西方人用整张脸来传达情感，而东方人更多地用眼睛，较少用嘴。)”可知，与西方人相比，东方人更可能更仔细地观察眼睛。故选C。【30题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“PeoplefromEastAsiatendtoprocessfacialexpressionsdifferentlyfromthosefromEurope,accordingtoanewreportpublishedonlineinCurrentBiology.(根据发表在《当代生物学》在线杂志上的一项新报告，来自东亚的人处理面部表情的方式往往与来自欧洲的人不同。)”以及最后一段中“Inshort,thedatashowthatfacialexpressionsarenotuniversalsignalsofhumanemotion.Fromhereon,examininghowculturalbackgroundshaveinfluencedthesebasicsocialskillswilldeepenourunderstandingofhumanemotion.(简而言之，这些数据表明，面部表情并不是人类情感的普遍信号。从这里开始，研究文化背景如何影响这些基本的社会技能，将加深我们对人类情感的理解。)”可知，本文主要介绍了东西方人在解读面部表情时存在文化差异，所以“CulturalDifferencesinReadingEmotions(解读情感的文化差异)”最适合作文章标题。故选B。DGettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,attitudestowarddirthavetransformedsignificantlyacrossdifferenthistoricalperiodsandsocieties.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthevalueofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground,suggestingourrelationshipwithdirtmaybedueforarethink.31.ThekingsofFranceandEnglandinthe16thcenturyclosedbathhousesbecause_________.A.theylivedhealthilyinadirtyenvironmentB.theythoughtbathhousesweretoodirtytostayinC.theyconsideredbathingasthecauseofskindiseaseD.theybelieveddiseasecouldbespreadinpublicbaths32.WhatisMaryRuebush’sattitudetowardschildrentouchingdirt?A.Shestronglydiscouragesitforsafetyreasons.B.Shethinksitisonlysafeundermedicalguidance.C.Shebelievesithelpsbuildastrongerimmunesystem.D.Shesaysitshouldbeavoidedtopreventdiseasespread.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Attitudestodirtarestillverydifferentnowadays.B.HenryIVofFrancewasfamousforhisloveofcleanliness.C.Standardsofcleanlinesshavealwaysbeenbasedonscience.D.AdvertisementsencouragedpeopletoacceptdirtafterWorldWarII.34.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Tostresstheroleofdirt. B.Tointroducethehistoryofdirt.C.Tocallattentiontothedangerofdirt. D.Topresentthechangeofviewsondirt.【答案】31.D32.C33.A34.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章以时间为线索，结合历史背景、科学认知和社会现象，客观阐述人类对“污垢”的态度演变。【31题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.(在16世纪早期，人们认为皮肤上的污垢是阻挡疾病的一种手段，因为医学观点认为用热水洗掉污垢会打开皮肤，让疾病进入。人们认为公共浴室存在特别的危险。到1538年，法国国王关闭了国内的澡堂。1546年的英格兰国王也是如此。)”可知，16世纪法国和英国的国王关闭了澡堂是因为相信疾病会在公共浴场传播。故选D项。【32题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist,encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.(相反，美国免疫学家MaryRuebush鼓励孩子们在泥土中玩耍，以建立强大的免疫系统。)”可知，MaryRuebush认为孩子接触泥土有助于建立更强的免疫系统。故选C项。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays(如今人们对污垢的态度仍有很大差异)”可知，现代社会对污垢的态度依然不同。故选A项。【34题详析】推理判断题。文章按时间顺序梳理了16世纪(污垢被视为抗病屏障)、18世纪(科学证明清洁有益健康)、二战后(清洁标准超科学)及现代(态度分歧）对污垢的不同看法，核心是呈现人类对污垢态度的变化。原文第一段的句子“However,attitudestowarddirthavetransformedsignificantlyacrossdifferenthistoricalperiodsandsocieties(然而，不同历史时期和社会对污垢的态度发生了显著变化)点明了作者的写作目的。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。CommunicatingwithDifficultPeopleItisalwayschallengingtocommunicatewithdifficultpeopleandworkwiththem.Infact,whentheycommunicateorally,theyusuallyseekjusttwothings:tobeheardandtobeunderstood.Tohaveabetterandmorepeacefultalk,youcanfollowthesepracticalsteps.Thefirststepisactivelistening.Howcanadifficultpersontellyou’relisteningandunderstanding?___35___Nodorrespondbrieflytoencouragethemtosharefully.Whenthepersonbeginsrepeatinghimselforherself,it’stimetomovetosteptwo:restating.Iftheyrepeatthemselves,calmlyrestatekeywordstheyuse.___36______37___Atthispoint,youstarttogatherinformationaboutwhatisbeingcommunicated.Askopenquestionstobetterunderstandtheirintentionsandrealneeds.Thefourthstepissummarizingwhatyou’veheard.___38___Thisensuresyou’rebothonthesamepageandfillsanygapsinunderstanding.Italsoshowsyourefforttotrulycomprehendthem.Whensincerelistening,thoughtfulquestioning,andattentiverememberingcometogether,understandingisusuallyachieved.___39___A.Askifheorsheunderstandsyou.B.Brieflyofferaclearsummaryofthekeymessage.C.Thissignalscarefulattentionandrespectfortheirmessage.D.Thisdecreasesthepossibilityofgainingcooperationfromhim.E.Basically,it’sthroughthewayyoulookandsoundwhileheistalking.F.Afterrestatingtheirkeywords,thenextstepischeckingwhattheymean.G.Inthisway,thedifficultpersonwillworkwithyoumoreeasilyandopenupmore.【答案】35.E36.C37.F38.B39.G【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍与难相处的人沟通的几个实用步骤，遵循这些步骤能让沟通更顺畅、平和，实现相互理解。【35题详析】根据前文“Howcanadifficultpersontellyou’relisteningandunderstanding?(一个难相处的人如何能看出你在倾听和理解呢？)”可知，前文提出了关于如何让对方感知到倾听和理解的问题，空处应给出对应的答案，E选项“Basically,it’sthroughthewayyoulookandsoundwhileheistalking.(基本上，是通过他说话时你的神情和语气。)”直接回答了前文的问题，且与后文的具体倾听行为相衔接，符合语境。故选E项。【36题详析】根据前文“Iftheyrepeatthemselves,calmlyrestatekeywordstheyuse.(如果他们反复说同一件事，冷静地重述他们使用的关键词。)”可知，前文讲述了重述对方关键词的行为，空处应说明这一行为带来的作用或传递的信号，C选项“Thissignalscarefulattentionandrespectfortheirmessage.(这传递出你对他们所表达的内容的认真关注和尊重。)”中的This指代前文重述关键词的行为，且解释了该行为的意义，符合语境。故选C项。【37题详析】分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的小标题，承接上文的步骤二，引出本段的步骤三，根据后文“Askopenquestionstobetterunderstandtheirintentionsandrealneeds.(提出开放式问题，以更好地理解他们的意图和真实需求。)”可知，本段讲述的是在重述关键词后去确认对方的真实意思，F选项“Afterrestatingtheirkeywords,thenextstepischeckingwhattheymean.(在重述他们的关键词后，下一步是确认他们的意思。)”既承接了上文的步骤二，又点明了本段的核心内容，符合语境。故选F项。【38题详析】根据前文“Thefourthstepissummarizingwhatyou’veheard.(第四步是总结你所听到的内容。)”可知，本段的核心是总结所听内容，空处应具体说明如何做这一步骤，B选项“Brieflyofferaclearsummaryofthekeymessage.(简要、清晰地总结核心信息。)”直接阐述了总结的具体做法，且与后文的总结的作用相衔接，符合语境。故选B项。【39题详析】根据前文“Whensincerelistening,thoughtfulquestioning,andattentiverememberingcometogether,understandingisusuallyachieved.(当真诚的倾听、深思的提问和用心的记取结合在一起时，理解通常就会实现。)”可知，前文说明遵循这些步骤能实现相互理解，空处应说明实现理解后带来的结果，G选项“Inthisway,thedifficultpersonwillworkwithyoumoreeasilyandopenupmore.(通过这种方式，那个难相处的人会更容易与你合作，也会更愿意敞开心扉。)”中的Inthisway指代前文的沟通方式，且说明了该方式带来的积极效果，概括全文，符合语境。故选G项。第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第1-2题每小题2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在相应横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。MyclassmateEthanlovedTVverymuch.HekneweverythingaboutshowslikeWho’stheBoss?andoftenforgottodohishomework.Hismotherwantedhimtostudymore,soshemadeadealwithhim.Shesaid,“Ifyoudon’twatchTVforonemonth,Iwillgiveyou$200.”Noneofusthoughthecoulddoit,butEthantriedhardandsucceeded.HegotthemoneyandwenttobuythebiggestTVhecouldfind.Now,manyschoolsdosomethingsimilar.Theygivemoneytostudentsforcomingtoschooleverydayorgettinggoodtestscores.Studentsloveit.Theyusethemoneytobuythingstheylike.However,manyparentsareconcerned.Someteachersargue,“Weshouldn’tpaystudentstodowhattheyshoulddoanyway.”Psychologistsalsosaythatwhenyoupaysomeonetolearn,theymightstoplearningwhenthemoneystops.Thisproblemshowssomethingbigger.Eventhoughschoolshavemoremoneyandnewplansnow,manystudentsstilldon’tlearnaswellaswehope.EthanboughtaTVwithhisrewardmoney,andschoolspaystudentsforlearning.Bothmakeusask:howcanwehelpstudentswanttolearnforthemselves,notjustformoney?40.WhydidEthan’smothermakeadealwithhim?_________________________________________________________________________41.Whatconcerndopsychologistsraiseaboutpayingstudentstolearn?_________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Someschoolspaidstudentstolearn,anddoingsomadetheparentssatisfied._________________________________________________________________________43.What’syourviewonpayingstudentstogetgoodgrades?（Inabout40words）_________________________________________________________________________【答案】40.Becauseshewantedhimtostudymore.41.Theyraisetheconcernthatstudentsmightstoplearningwhenthemoneyforlearningstops.42.

Someschoolspaidstudentstolearn,anddoingsomadetheparentssatisfied.

Explanation:Thepracticeofschoolspayingstudentshasr